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Overview
• Objectives
• Background: Eye, Retina and Müller cells
• Methods
• Aim
• Results
• Conclusion
• Objectives revisited
Objectives1. What are retinal Müller cells?2. What is the role /function of Müller cells in the retina?3. Why RCS rats are well established retinal degeneration
model?4. What are clinical advantages and disadvantages of
neural stem cell therapy?5. What is Visual acuity?6. What is OKR?7. What is luminance threshold?8. What are neurotrophic factors?9. What experiments you would propose in addition to
experiments performed in the article?10.What are alternatives approaches besides use of small
molecule for stem cell therapy?
The Eye
• Retina: Innermost photosensitive layer which contains
specialized cells which convert photons of light into nerve
impulses which are relayed to the brain.
Vitreous
Optic nerve
Retina
Choroid
Sclera
Cornea
Pupil
Lens
Iris
Ciliary Body
Retina: Divided into 10 Layers
Young, B. et al. Young, B. et al. Wheater’s Functional Histology, 5Wheater’s Functional Histology, 5thth edition. edition. (2006)(2006)
Müller cell
ONL
INL
GCL
Function
• Structural and metabolic support
• Trophic/Growth factors
• Water balance
• Glutamate cycling
• Potassium balance
• Progenitor cells
Aim
• Whether neural stem cell (NSC) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) by small molecules can preserve vision following grafting into the Royal College Surgeon (RCS) rats; a model for retinal degeneration.
Methods• NSCs • NSC-Green Fluorescent Protein • Experimental Groups • Subretinal Injection• Intravitreal Injection Functional Evaluation • Optokinetic Response (OKR) • Luminance Thresholds (LT)• Histology
Antibodies Used in This Study
Figure 1 : Functional evaluation of NSC, sham-injected, and untreated animals.
Figure 2: Photoreceptor preservation and general retinal lamination
Figure 3 :Confocal images showing the distribution of NSCs-GFP and NSCs
Figure 4 :The distribution of NSCs and photoreceptor preservation
Figure 5: Confocal images showed NSCs preserved
photoreceptors and limited secondary modifications
Figure 6: CNTF and GS
Conclusions
• NSCs derived from hESC by small molecules can survive and preserve vision for long term following subretinal transplantation in the RCS rats.
• These cells migrate extensively in the subretinal space and inner retina.
• There is no evidence of tumor formation or unwanted changes after grafting into the eyes.
Objectives1. What are retinal Müller cells?2. What is the role /function of Müller cells in the retina?3. Why RCS rats are well established retinal degeneration
model?4. What are clinical advantages and disadvantages of
neural stem cell therapy?5. What is Visual acuity?6. What is OKR?7. What is luminance threshold?8. What are neurotrophic factors?9. What experiments you would propose in addition to
experiments performed in the article?10.What are alternatives approaches besides use of small
molecule for stem cell therapy?