visited demonstration plots. A largenumber of farmers of nearby villageswere also present at the occasion. Dr.Sandhu keenly observed theperformance of mungbean varieties,interacted with the farmers and

appreciated the efforts. He observedthat summer mungbean cultivationcould be a huge success with thefarmers and could help tremendouslyin diversification of rice-wheat system.Technologies for summer mungbeancultivation are already available and

their dissemination amongthe farmers will boost itscultivation in many regionsof northern parts of India.Dr. Sandhu appreciated theef forts of Insti tute inconductance of mungbeandemonstrations incompact block andpopularization of proventechnologies to thefarmers.

CONTENTS

VOLUME 26, No. 2 APRIL - JUNE, 2015

EDITORIAL COMMITTEEDr. N.P. Singh ChairmanDr. P.S. Basu MemberDr. G.P. Dixit MemberDr. Jitendra Kumar MemberDr. Naimuddin MemberMr. D. Upadhyaya Member Secretary

Dr. J.S. Sandhu, Deputy DirectorGeneral (Crop Science) visited ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur on June 7, 2015. Hevisited all the breeding, agronomicaland plant protection experimentationtrials along with Director, ProjectCoordinators, HoDs andconcerned scientists ofrespective Divisions. Hesuggested severalresearchable points mainlyrelated to summermungbean. He alsoaddressed to scientific staffof the Insti tute. Heemphasized upon activeinvolvement of scientists inprov iding need basedinformation on pulses technologies tothe farming community. A field trip wasarranged to show performance ofdemonstrations at farmers’ fields atBarahpur village of Kanpur Dehat. Dr.Sandhu along with Dr. N.P. Singh,Director and scientists of the Institute

Deputy Director General (CS) Visited IIPRNe ws 2 Group Meet on Mungbean and Urdbean Annual Group Meet on Arid LegumesResearch Highlights 2-6 Beet Army Worm: An Emerging Pest Varieties Identified Potential Trichoderma Sp from Pulses

Rhizosphere W estern Hybridization for Cry1Ac

Detection in Different Tissues Transfer of Chickpea Plantlets Affects

Growth and Development Zygograma bicolorata – A Weed Killer

Beetle of Parthenium hysterophorus Chickpea Performance under Different

Rice Culture Methods Variations for Delayed Senescence in

Mungbean Genotypes Incidence of Pigeonpea Pod Borer

Nanaguna breviuscula Walker Dispersible and Non-dispersible Granular

Formulations of Herbicides Methylobacterium Enhances Vigour and

Alters Agronomic Traits in Fieldpea Bio f ilm Forming Bacteria for Moisture

Stress Management in Chickpea Bio Assay of Trichoderma spp on Root

Knot Nematode for Parasitism Attachment Tissue-specif ic Cry1Ac Expression in

Transgenic Chickpea and Pigeonpea Weed Diversity at IIPR-RRC Farm, Dharwad Introgression of Early Growth Vigor into

Cultivated Background Summer Mungbean with Less Water Participation in ICAR Zonal Sportsi zkS| ksfxdh gLrkar j .k 7 ew¡x i j i z{ks= fnol dk vk; kst u df̀"k i zn' kZuh ,oa fdl ku esys esa l gHkkfxrk d"̀kd&oSKkfud i fj ppkZ dk vk; kst uDirector’s Desk 8

2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research

Annual Group Meet of NationalNetwork Research Project on AridLegumes was held on June 8-9, 2015at ICAR-Central Arid Zone ResearchInstitute, Jodhpur. About 70 delegatesfrom cooperating centres of SAUs,ICAR Institutes, State Department ofAgriculture and Seed Agenciesattended the group meet. Whilewelcoming the dignitaries anddelegates Dr. R.K. Bhatt, Director,ICAR-CAZRI, Jodhpur emphasized theimportance of arid legumes in farmingsystem and changing scenario ofclimate. Dr. Shiv Sewak, NodalScientist (Arid Legumes) presented theprogress report for 2014-15. Mr. S.K.Sharma, Secretary, Guar gumManufacturers Association of Indiaexpressed his views on importance ofGuar gum as foreign exchange earner.He urged the scientists to develop guarvarieties with large endosperm to

Annual Group Meet on Arid Legumesextract more gum. Dr. B.B. Singh,ADG (O&P) in his Chairman’s remarksenvisaged that arid legumes would bethe future crops with global warmingsituation. Dr. N.P. Singh, Director,ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur expressed hisv iews about the research anddevelopment of pulses in general and

Annual Group Meet on mungbeanand urdbean under AICRP onMULLaRP was held at BirsaAgricultural University, Ranchi on May22-24, 2015. Dr. George John, Vice-Chancellor of the University inauguratedthe meet. Dr. B.B.Singh, AssistantDirector General (O&P), ICAR presidedthe inaugural session. Dr. N.P. Singh,Director, IIPR presented a glimpse ofthe production enhancement that waswitnessed in the recent years inpulses, achieving a record productionof 19 m t. Dr. Singh stressed on shortduration genotypes, sharing of thematerial generated across researchstations and MYMV and powderymildew diseases as current issues.

Dr. George John illustrated a setof newer agricultural challenges likeclimatic adversities which will furtherbe aggravated by the increasingemergence of insect/pest and diseaseproblems. Dr. B.B. Singh expressedsatisfaction over the developments inpulses research in the country. Hecalled upon the scientists foraggressive efforts for accelerating

Group Meet on Mungbean and Urdbeantransfer of technologies to farmers,preparation of a roadmap for pulsesimprovement, development of shortduration and photo-thermo insensitivegenotypes in pulses.

Dr. Sanjeev Gupta, ProjectCoordinator (MULLaRP), whilepresenting a brief report of the project,apprised about the major achievementsand constraints in mungbean andurdbean crops. A session on Inter-Project Linkages was also held in

which role of global cooperation onmungbean improvement was discussedand programmes for such collaborationswere formulated. In later sessions,results of kharif 2014 were discussedand technical programme for kharif2015 was finalized.

of arid legumes in particular. Heemphasized the need to develop highyielding, disease resistant varietiesand protection and productiontechnologies to increase theproductivity and production of thesecrops.

Research Highlights

Beet Army Worm : AnEmerging Insect Pest

of MungbeanSevere defoliation in spring/

summer mungbean is being noticed inthree villages viz., Faridpur, Paradanand Thathrahi of Fatehpur district forlast three years. Observation revealedthat the defoliation was due to thefeeding of an insect’s larvae thatappeared to prefer terminal youngerleaves, which caused defoliation ofcotyledonary leaves which affected theseedling establishment. In one monthold crop the pest load varied from 1 to5 larvae per plant. The grown up larvaehad dark green band on lateral sidesand prepupal stage was brown in colourand the adults were dull brown withsmall circular orange spot on both theforewings. Based on larval and adultmorphology it was identified as beetarmy worm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner(Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). It is apolyphagous pest with wide host range

Fig. a, b and c: Defoliation due to thepest Fig. d and e: Larvae and adult of

S. exigua

including beetroot, potato, radish,peas, groundnut, sunflower, bhindi,sorghum, etc. Summer/springmungbean is taken after the harvest ofpotato. Moreover some beet armyworm larvae were also observed on theremnant potao crop in the nearby fields.Thus, unusually high infestation of theinsect appears to be resulting from itsleft over population in potato fields thatmigrated to mungbean crop. Hence aholistic management for S. exigua isneeded to sustain spring/summermungbean production in the area.

Sujayanand, G.K., Uma Sah, AdityaPratap and Ashish Nigam

Pulses Newsletter : April - June, 2015 3

Transfer of ChickpeaPlantlets Affects Growth

and DevelopmentIdentifying transgenic progenies

is an arduous task involving rigorousscreening in containment facility.Seeds sown in small poly-bags forscreening should be transferred tobigger pots for normal growth anddevelopment. However, the growth anddevelopment of transferred plants

(A) showing better vegetative growth(B) reduction in vegetative growth of

transferred plant in big pot

shows reduced vigour, late and oftenless flowering, and finally low podding.This may be due to disturbance inrhizosphere during transfer and changein micro-climate, post-transfer.

Malkhan Singh, Alok Shukla, AlokDas and N.P Singh

Varieties IdentifiedCRHG 22: This horsegram varietydeveloped through induced mutationusing gamma rays irradiation has beenidentified for rainfed areas of AndhraPradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana,Karnataka and Kerala. It has semicompact and semi erect plant type withmoderate height. Its seed colour isblack. It mature in 94-101 days withaverage yield of 800-900 kg/ha. It ismoderately resistant to anthracnose,yellow mosaic virus and cercospora leafblight diseases.

LBG 787: This urdbean varietydeveloped from the cross LBG 685 x

IPU 981 hasbeen identifiedfor cultivation inrabi season forAndhra Pradesh,Ta m i l n a d u ,K a r n a t a k a ,Telangana andAndman &

Nicobar. It has average yield of 1800kg/ha, shining black seed colour andmain stem bearing plant type.

Western hybridization was usedto detect and quantify the intact proteinin chickpea tissues. Total solubleprotein was extracted in modifiedextraction (bicarbonate) buffer fromyoung leaves (L), pod wall (PW) andimmature seed (IS) at 133 DAS. Upondetection with cry1Ac specif icantibodies, 66.0 KDa band wasdetected in all organs. The solitary bandindicates intactness of protein duringisolation and also higher expression inleaf as compared to pod wall andimmature seed. The modified protocolcan be used for isolation of protein fromdif ferent tissues at dif ferentdevelopmental stage.

Western Hybridizationfor Cry1Ac Detection in

Different Tissues

Western hybridization in differentchickpea tissues

C: Purified Cry; NC: Negative control; L:Leaf; IS: Immature seeds; PW: Pod wall

Alok Shukla, Arvind kumar Singh,Alok Das and N.P. Singh

Potential Trichoderma sp from Pulses RhizosphereTrichoderma species are most

extensively and widely exploited formanagement of many soil bornepathogens. It is not only antagonisticto fungal pathogens but also enhancesplant growth. Location specificityamong Trichoderma isolates warrantsidentification of potential isolates frompulses rhizosphere and theirexploitation against soi l bornepathogens of pulses.

Total 20 potential isolates ofdifferent Trichoderma sp. i.e., T.harzianum (13), T. viride (4) and T.virens (3) were identified from pulsesrhizosphere in Kanpur Dehat, Fatehpur,Hamirpur, Jalaun and Varanasi

districts. Al l these isolates werecharacterized for their antagonisticpotential against F. udum. The studyshowed that T. harzianum isolateshave highest antagonistic potential onthe growth of F. udum, followed by T.viride and T. virens isolates.

R.K.Mishra, P. R. Saabale,Naimuddin, R. Jagadeeswaran and

O. Mishra

Antagonistic potential of T. harzianumisolates against F. udum

Zygograma bicolorata –A Weed Killer Beetle ofParthenium hysterophorus

Zygograma bicolorata adultbeetles and grubs were found feedingon parthenium leaves in Kanpur areaduring April–May, 2015. All the lifestages (egg, grub, pupa and adult) ofthe Zygograma beetle were found onthe parthenium plants. Eachparthenium plant was harbouring 10-18 adults/plant. This shows the naturalbiological control of parthenium weedin Kanpur.

Sujayanand, G.K. and Hem Saxena

4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research

Three rice culture techniques viz.,puddle transplanting (PTR), unpuddled(UPR) and direct seeded (DSR) werestudied to know their effect on chickpeaperformance under rice fal lowcondition. Higher RLWC (12.3%) andchlorophyll a/b pigments (43.9 %) wererecorded in UPR over PTR. In contrastto chlorophyll a/b, maximum quantityof carotenoid pigment was observedunder PTR (66.0 and 36.4%,respectively) over UPR. Similar tophysiological parameter, 46.9 and63.6% higher shoot dry weight wasrecorded in UPR at flowering and pod

Chickpea Performance under Different Rice Culture Methodsrespectively) and root nodules/plant(59.4, 67.1 and 50.8% at vegetativestage, flowering stage and poddevelopment, respectively) wererecorded in UPR over PTR. Similar trendwas observed in nodule dry weight. Dueto enhanced plant and root growthhigher yield of chickpea (23.9%) wasrecorded in UPR over PTR.

Narendra Kumar, S.S. Singh, C.S.Prahraj, P.S. Basu, Senthil Kumar,

Arti Yadav, Satendra Yadav andSaumya Singh

Variations for Delayed Senescence inMungbean Genotypes

Faster leaf senescence ofsummer mungbean exposed to hightemperature of ten l imitsphotosynthesis and reduces assimilatetransport leading to seed hardening dueto incomplete sink development.Genetic variabil i ty for delayedsenescence through SCMR (SPADchlorophyll meter reading) was studiedamong five genotypes of summermungbean at maturity. Substantialvariations were recorded for SCMRvalues among the genotypes. It washighest in Pusa 9531 (46.0), followedby IPM 205-07 (44.2) and lowest in IPM410-03 (41.1). Higher concentration of

Incidence of Pigeonpea Pod Borer Nanagunabreviuscula Walker

An experiment was carried out inshort duration pigeonpea (ICPL 67B)with seven different border crops viz.,cluster bean, green gram, black gram,cowpea, dsaincha, sorghum andpearlmillet as different treatments alongwith sole pigeonpea crop as control formanagement of spotted pod borer.However, in this experiment, incidenceof Nanaguna breviuscula Walker wasfound from 40th to 45th SMW invariablyin all treatments. The larval incidencevaried from 2 to 4 per plant. The larvaeweb the leaves along with flowers andpods and bores the inside pods within

the web.T h ed a m a g esymptomis similarto that ofs p o t t e dpod borer. The larvae have hairssparsely distributed throughout theircuticle. It apperars to be a sporadicpest. Hence, constant surveillance ofits population is necessary to deviceits management strategies.

Sujayanand, G.K. and Hem Saxena

Effect of rice transplanting system onshoot dry weight of chickpea

chlorophyll even at maturity stage leadsto transformation of source to sink.This could also be treated as a trait forefficient nitrogen use by the plants.

Ummed Singh, C.S. Praharaj,S.S. Singh, Aditya Pratap,

Sanjeev Gupta and P.S. Basu

development stages, respectively overPTR. Under UPR significantly higherroot length (15.9% at vegetative), rootdry weight (62.7 and 15.3% at floweringand pod development stages,

Dispersible and Non-dispersible Granular

Formulations ofHerbicides

Sustain release dispersible andnon-dispersible granular formulations ofimazethaypr and pendimethalinherbicides were prepared to controlweeds in chickpea field. The granularformulations of 4-80 mesh size andcontaining approximately 3-10% activeingredient were prepared byimpregnating the active ingredient oncarrier auxiliaries. Field experimentswere conducted using the double andtriple dose of the developed formulationsof the herbicides. Concentrations forpendimethalin based granularformulations were adjusted to 1500 and2000 g ai/ha, whereas, imazethayprbased granular formulations wereapplied @ 250 and 300 g ai/ha. Theformulations were applied at the timeof sowing under two different situationsviz., rainfed and irrigated. The pendi-methalin based granular formulationsat concentration of 1500 and 2000 gai/ha controled weeds effectively (60-70%), whereas, imazethaypr basedgranular formulations controlled theweeds significantly in both the testconcentrations.

Lalit Kumar, G.K. Srivastava andJagdish Singh

Pulses Newsletter : April - June, 2015 5

Methylobacterium Enhances Vigour and AltersAgronomic Traits in Fieldpea

A member of the -proteobacterialgenus Methylobacterium representsone of the most abundant bacterialgenera in the phyllosphere. They arealso referred to as Pink PigmentedFacultative Methylotrophs (PPFM)because of their pigmentation bycarotenoids and their ability to grow onone-carbon compounds, suchas methanol, produced as aby-product of pectinmetabolism in growing cellwalls, which is emitted via thestomatal pores. Total 43 PPFMisolates were isolated from theeight fieldpea cultivars andidentified as Methylobacteriumspp. based on cultural,biochemical and C utilizationtests. In vitro bioassay indicated thatmost of the PPFM isolates were ableto produce IAA and urease. Seedbacterization under in vitro conditionenhanced the seedling vigour index over

control to the maximum of 31.9% andalso altered the agronomic traits like,seedling vigour, rooting and rootbranching. These effects were generallyattributed to the synthesis ofbiologically active compounds such asauxins, cytokinins, urease and othersubstances by PPFM.

Biofilm Forming Bacteria for Moisture StressManagement in Chickpea

Bio Assay ofTrichoderma spp on

Root Knot Nematode forParasitism Attachment

Thirty oneisolates ofTrichoderma sppwere bio assayedfor parasitismattachment oneggs, adultfemale and eggmass ofMeloidogyne spp. Only one IIPR isolateIPT 31 (Trichoderma harzianum) wasfound promising in parasitismattachment for management of root knotnematode.

R. Jagadeeswaran,Bansa Singh and P.R. Saabale

Enhanced vigour and altered rooting pattern infieldpea

Bacterial biofilm formation withattached soil aggregates is one of theimportant traits involved in droughttolerance by plants. Certain bacteriaform biofilm on the surface of plantroots through production of exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and protectthem from drying. Exo-polysaccharides possess unique waterholding and cementing properties andhelp in formation of soil aggregates.EPS protect the microorganisms andplants from water stress by enhancingwater retention, and by regulatingdiffusion of organic carbon sources. Inthe present study, 317 bacterialisolates were obtained f rom therhizosphere and root nodules of desiand kabuli chickpea grown under

rainfed condition. Dif ferentmorphological traits like colony size,elevation, and colour were observed andthe bacterial isolates were furtherpurified on nutrient agar plates andstored in five sets at -80°C as 25%glycerol stock. The bacterial isolateswere assessed for the production of IAAand exo-polysaccharides. Isolate No.168 recorded maximum amount of IAAproduction, followed by Isolate No. 210.EPS was extracted with ethanol andiso-propanol and quantified and thevalues were in the range of 42.5-67.4mg/l.

M. Senthilkumar,Dnyaneshwar Borase,

S. Paulraj and Jagdish Singh

Tissue-specific Cry1AcExpression in

Transgenic Chickpeaand Pigeonpea

Total soluble protein isolated fromdifferent tissues viz., leaves, flowers,pod wall and immature seeds oftransgenic chickpea and pigeonpealines was used to quantify the Cryexpression through ELISA. Inpigeonpea lines, expression was higherin pod wall (avg.13.00±3.76 ng/mg ofTSP) in comparison to immature seeds(avg. 9.84±3.76 ng/mg of TSP) andflower (avg.11.71±5.07 ng/mg of TSP)(188 DAS). In case of chickpea, Cryexpression was higher in leaves(avg.10.03±1.56 ng/mg of TSP) ascompared to immature seeds(avg.7.05±0.86 ng/mg of TSP) and podwall (avg.8.50±1.51 ng/mg of TSP) (133DAS). Lower expression of Cry proteinin immature seeds and pod wall maybe due to switching of alternatemetabolic pathways post flowering inplants.

Alok Shukla, Arvind,Alok Das and N.P. Singh

Trichodermamycelial attachment

on adult female

S. Paulraj, M. Senthil Kumar,Dnyaneshwar Borase and

Jagdish Singh

6 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research

The yield losses in pulses due tocompetition with the weeds can rangefrom 20 to as high as 80 per cent. Inrainfed agriculture, weeds causesevere moisture stress and force thegrains to shrivel. Extensive monitoringwas done on regular basis foridentification of different weed flora andassess their extent at the IIPR-RRCFarm during kharif and rabi seasons

Weed Diversity at IIPR-RRC Farm, DharwadEchinocloa sp. were dominant. At thesame time, major dominant broadleaved weeds were Knoxium mollis,Parthenium hysterophorus, Commelinabenghalensis, Ageratum conyzoides,Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Digeriaarvensis and Cynotis cucullata. Amongsedges, Cyperus rotundus andCyperus esculentus were pre-dominantduring both kharif and rabi seasons.Although manual weeding is the mostpredominant practice followed, there isneed to develop integrated weedmanagement modules involv ingpreventive, mechanical, cultural andchemical methods of weed control.

Venkatesh M.S., Ganajaxi Math,Revanappa, S.B., Hosmath, J.A.,

and Chaturvedi, S.K.

Partheniumhisterophorus

Cyanodondactylon

Cyperusrotundus

of 2014-15. Among major monocotweeds, Cyanodon dactylon, Digitariamarginata, Dinebra retroflexa, Dinebraarabica, Eleucine indica and

An exotic line ILL 7663 identifiedearlier for early vigor in lentil, was usedto introgress early growth vigor incultivated background and a cross wasattempted with improved breeding lineIPL 315. Twenty single plants selectedin F2 segregating population last yearwere grown in 20 different F3 progenyrows. Among these, one breeding lineshowed early growth vigor after 50-60

Introgression of Early Growth Vigor intoCultivated Background

days of sowing. Visual scoring wasperformed on 1(excellent) - 5 (poor)scale to record growth vigor. Total 18single plants were selected from thisparticular line having early vigor for nextyear evaluation.

Jitendra Kumar, Rohit Kant andSyed Mohd. Quatadah

Growing SummerMungbean with Less

WaterA field demonstration on summer

mungbean involving use of less waterand modern agro-techniques indicatedthe pertinent role of good varietyselection and sprinkler irrigation.Mungbean cv. Samrat sown during theend of March was successfully raisedwith only two irrigations (with portablesprinkler sets). Improved practicesinvolving row spacing of 22.5 cmcoupled with sprinkler irrigation at 25and 45 days after sowing resulted inyield of 12.5 q/ha with 30% less wateruse as compared to 10.5 q/ha realizedunder farmers’ condition (with 30 cmwide row spacing + flood irrigation). Thiswas in contrast to 2nd week of Aprilsowing where three irrigations wererequired to sustain a good mungbeancrop against the high evaporativedemand. This type of innovative andcontingency crop growing couldpossibly bridge the gaps in overallproduction scenario of pulses in thecountry especially under short rainfallconditions.

C.S. Praharaj, U.Singh,S.S. Singh and N. Kumar

PersonnelAppointments

Transfers

Retirement

Participation in ICARZonal SportsTournament

The Institute participated in theICAR Zonal Sports Tournament-2015(North Zone) organised at IndianInstitute of Soil & Water Conservation,Dehradun, during April 18-21, 2015.IIPR players won Gold Medal in longjump, Silver Medal in 100 metre raceand Badminton singles and BronzeMedal in 400 and 1500 meter race.Volleyball smashing team got therunner-up medal. Dr. Rajesh Kumaraccompanied the contingent as CDMand Sri K.N. Gupta as team manager.

Name Post Discipline Date of joining Mr. Bandi Sanjay Maruti Scientist Entomology 10.4.2015 Dr. Satsish Naik S.J. Scientist Genetics & Plant Breeding 10.4.2015 Mr. Devindrappa Scientist Nematology 10.4.2015 Dr. Manjunatha L. Scientist Plant Pathology 10.4.2015 Mr. Ram Lal Jat Scientist Agronomy 10.4.2015 Dr. Basavaraja T. Scientist Genetics & Plant Breeding 10.4.2015

Name Designation From To W.e.f. Dr. K.K. Singh Principal

Scientist ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur

ICAR-IISR, Lucknow

5.5.2015

Mr. Alagupalamuthir Solai

Scientist ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur

ICAR-IISR, Calicut

12.6.2015

Name Post held Date of retirement Mr. Raghubansi Singh Technical Assistant (T 2) 30.5.2015 Mr. Prahalad Technical Assistant (T 2) 30.6.2015

Pulses Newsletter : April - June, 2015 7

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8 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research

Published by Dr. N.P. Singh, Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024Tel. : 0512-2570264; EPBAX Lines : 0512- 2572464, 2572465; Fax : 0512-2572582

E-mail : director@iipr.ernet.in ; npsingh.iipr@gmail.com; Website; http://www.iipr.res.in

Printed at Army Printing Press, 33, Nehru Road, Sadar Cantt., Lucknow-226 002. Tel. : 0522-2481164, 6565333

Director’s DeskDear Readers,

Under rainfed agriculture,resources are the major constraintslimiting agricultural productivity in India.These are the areas where majority ofthe marginal and poor farmers live andearn their livelihood with great hardships.They have limited options to diversify thecropping systems due to frequent crisisof water i.e., poor or erratic rainfall. Undervery low rainfall areas like Bundelhandof U.P. and parts of Madhya Pradesh andcentral India, farmers usually grow low-water demanding crops like pulses oroilseeds. During past several years, theBundelkhand region received very lowrainfall during monsoon. Pulses arelargely affected due to poor conservedsoil moisture availability, or on the otherhand heavy rainfall during podding stagesthat severely damage the standing crops.Thus agriculture in this region needscontingent planning to sustain theexisting pulses and oilseeds cultivationin these areas.

It is realized that adoption ofmatching technologies is moreimportant. Among various inputs,availability of seeds and varietal selectionunder a given agroclimatic situations ismost important component which farmersactually need. IIPR, Kanpur has beenactively involved to promote pulses in thisregion through various programmesthrough farmers participatory mode.Under NARS system during 2009-14, afarmers participatory action researchprogramme (FPARP) was carried out inseed production and multiplication ofmajor pulses to generate awareness andensure availability of quality seed tofarmers in Hamirpur district ofBundelkhand region of U.P. Total 161farmers with 61 ha of net cultivated areaparticipated in this FPARP programmein three major pulses viz., chickpea, lentiland pigeonpea. Farmers were trained foracquiring initial know-how andsubsequent skill/expertise development.The study amply demonstrated yieldadvantages to the tune of 30 to 50% inimproved varieties of these crops overlocal varieties following therecommended practice. Highest yieldswere realized with improved varietiesunder farmers’ conditions and cost of (N. P. Singh)

cultivation also reduced substantiallyresulting in higher benefit cost ratios. Dueto FPARP, farmers were able to producetruthful level seed for all the pulses. Inaddition, significant quantity of thisproduce could also enter into the seedchain by the adopted farmersthemselves. Chickpea seed wasdiffused fastest and farthest from theadopted villages to other 18 villages in aradius of 24 km. Similar programme was

also initiated by IIPR in District Hamirpurunder IVLP.

The Institute has been instrumentalin technological backstopping thefarmers of Uttar Pradesh for seedproduction of pulse crops to ensure seedsufficiency at the village level for past onedecade. These efforts on the one handhave led to strengthening the informalseed system in the villages, while on theother, they have worked towardsestablishment of formal seed systemwith linkages with national and state seedagencies like NSC, UP State SeedCorporation and UP State SeedCertification Agency. Selection of varietiesfor seed production was carried outthrough farmers participatory varietalselection trials prior to initiation of seedproduction. In the process farmers weretechnologically and economicallyempowered by organizing them in sevenregistered seed producer groups inKanpur Dehat, Hamirpur, Fatehpur andBalia districts. The groups contributedapproximately 4000 q of seeds ofdifferent pulses viz., pigeonpea,chickpea, urdbean and mungbean, whichresulted in enhancement of areas offarmers’ preferred pulse varieties and

their production. Assessment of bio-intensive module for management of podborer in chickpea ecosystem was alsocarried out with participation of about 300farmers of Bundelkhand region. The bio-intensive module included pheromonetraps, NSKE, HaNPV and saferinsecticide (Spinosad). Which resulted insignificant reduction in pod damage (7.6to 10.22%) against control (14.15 to25.52%). To popularize the IPMtechnology for management of pod borerin chickpea and pigeonpea, need baseddemonstrations were conducted in 2000ha area each in Banda, Hamirpur andFatehpur districts of U. P.

The Institute has gained successfulexperience in harnessing the linkage withKVKs located across the states for widerdiffusion of pulse productiontechnologies in different outreachprogrammes for farmers, farm youth andtribal community. For achieving speedierdissemination of pulse productiontechnologies among the farmers, farmerto farmer extension mechanism wasevolved. Institute is providingtechnological support to the nationalextension system of the country by way ofconducting need oriented capacityenhancement programmes for extensionofficers and Subject Matter Specialistfrom KVKs from all over the country. Needbased trainings for farmers are alsocarried out by the Institute round the year.To reach farming communities with useof modern communication technologies.Institute has collaborated with All IndiaRadio, Kanpur, DD Lucknow etc. Thus,with awareness and knowledgeupgradation, the farmers could ensurequality seed production and itsmultiplication and thereby, making seedproduction system viable andremunerative.

With all these collective efforts, ouraim is to increase pulses production inthe country on the one hand, and on theother to improve the livelihood of themarginal and resource poor farmers. Iam sure that in near future, these effortswill be translated in reality and will bevisible to all.