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Volume 4 Online ISSN 1882-2975

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Transcript
Page 1: Volume 4 Online ISSN 1882-2975

Volume 4, pp. 45-61 Electronic Journal of The MOTTAINAI Society Online ISSN 1882-2975

1 2

©

1 2 2009 7 10 2010 10 27 WEB 2010 11 2

2000

BDFBDF

EPR 4.9 5.7BDF

BDF

( , 2006)

1

401

1 kcal3 kcal

Pimentel and Pimentel, 1995

60%

1

2004

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Volume 4, pp. 45-61

e.g., Campbell and Laherrere, 1998

e.g., Deffeyes, 2005 2

3(Tsoskounoglou et al., 2008)

IEA: International Energy AgencyWorld Energy Outlook 2008

6.5

McKellar et al., 2010

2000

BDF Bio Diesel Fuel

e.g., Farrell et al., 2006a; 2006b

BDF

BDF

BDF

BDF

2.1 BDF BDF

BDF

BDF( , 2008)

(1) BDF

(2) BDF

(3)

(4)

BDF

(5) BDF

SOx

BDF BDF

C3H5(OCOR)3+3CH3OH !

3CH3COOR+C3H5(OH)3 BDF

BDF

BDF

Page 3: Volume 4 Online ISSN 1882-2975

Volume 4, pp. 45-612.2 BDF

BDFBDF

1990

BDF2004 EU 217 kL

115 kL9.5 kL

2 EU

2 EU BDF

( , 2008)

BDF

5,000L100L

800L2004 BDF

5,000kL

2.3

2

2.3.1

BDF17 8

1 18(

, 2008) BDFBDK-200

23 (

, 2009) BDF4 BDF

183

BDF

197.27 km/L 4.25 km/

L (, 2008)

1 18

200L

38,200L 33,755L 52

Page 4: Volume 4 Online ISSN 1882-2975

Volume 4, pp. 45-61

(1)

(2) (3) 200L (4) 200L (5) 36L 1.4kg (6) (7) (8) BDF (9) BDF BDF

2.3.2

9 11BDF

12 4

BDF14

166 5,000L BDF

4

19 BDFBDF

BDFBDF

5

5 BDFBDF

196

BDF 18

Page 5: Volume 4 Online ISSN 1882-2975

Volume 4, pp. 45-61

220 95B100 100%BDF

B20 20% BDF

1 9 8 181,000

1

19 160,897L

Page 6: Volume 4 Online ISSN 1882-2975

Volume 4, pp. 45-61

19 1,377,400L

2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 BDF

EPR ( Energy Profit Ratio)EPR

EPR = /

EPR 1

EPR

EPR

Gately (2007) 4

1

2

3 2

4 3

3

BDF

BDF

" "

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Volume 4, pp. 45-61

EPR

EPR

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Campbell,C.J. and Laherrere,J.H. ,1998 The End of Cheap Oil, Scientific American, 278(3),78-83.

Deffeyes, K. S., 2005, Beyond Oil, Hill and Wang, 202p.

Farrell, A. E., Plevin, R. J. Turner, B. T., Jones, A. D. O’Hare, M. and Kammen, D. M., 2006a, Energy returns on ethanol production, Science, 312, 1746-1748.

Farrell, A.E., Plevin, R.J., Turner, B.T., Jones, A.D., O'Hare, M., and Kammen, D.M., 2006b Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals, Science, 311, 506-508.

Hall, C.A.S., Balogh, S., Murphy, D.J.R., 2009, What is the Minimum EROI that a Sustainable Society Must Have?, Energies, 2, 25-47.

Hill, J., Nelson, E., Tilman, D., Polasky, S., and Tiffany, D., 2006, Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A, Vol. 103, No. 30, 11,206-11,210.

International Energy Agency, 2008, World Energy Outlook, 569p.

Gately, M., 2007, The EROI of U.S. offshore energy extraction: A net energy analysis of the Gulf of Mexico, Ecological Economics, 63, 355-364.

McKellar, J. M., Bergerson, J. A., MacLean, H. L., 2010, eplacing Natural Gas in Alberta’s Oil Sands: Trade-Offs Associated with Alternative Fossil Fuels, Energy Fuels, 24, 1687–1695.

Pimentel, D. and Pimentel, M., 1995, Land, Energy and Water: The Constraints Governing Ideal U.S. Population Size, NPG forum series

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(http://www.npg.org/forum_series/land_energy&water.htm)

Tsoskounoglou, M., Ayerides, G., and Tritopoulou, E., 2008, The end of cheap oil: Current status and prospects, Energy Policy, 36, 3797– 3806.

von Blottnitz, H.and Curran, M. A., 2006, A review of assessments conducted on bio-ethanol as a transportation fuel from a net energy, greenhouse gas, and environmental life cycle perspective, Journal of Cleaner Production, 15, 607-619.


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