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Volume InformationSource: The American Naturalist, Vol. 31, No. 361 (Jan., 1897), pp. i-xviPublished by: The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of NaturalistsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2452947 .

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THE

AMERICAN NATURALIST,

Xi fllustrahed $agaxiltt

OFt

NATURAL HISTORY. EDIITED BY

EDWARD D. COPE AND FREDERICK C. KENYON, (January to August.)

AND

ROBERT P. BIGELOW, (September to December.)

ASSISTED BY

E. A. ANDREWS, G. BAUR, W. S. BAYIEY, C. E. BEECHER, C. E. BESSEY, D. H. CAMPBEILL, J. H. COMSTOCK, W. M. DAVIS, A. C. GILL,

D. S. JORDAN, H. C. MERCER, C. PALACHE, H. M. RICHARDS, W. E. RITTER, F. RUSSELL, E. F.

SMITH, W. TREILEASE, H. C. WARREN,

S. WATASE, C. M. WEED.

VOITUMVE XXXI

PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A.

THE EDWARDS & DOCKER CO.,

I897.



A Grooved Stone Axe from the Ohio Drift. H. C. MERCER.............. I

Biologic Origin of Mental Variety. H. NICHOLS .....3 Fossils and Fossilization. L. P. GRA'TACAP ........................... I6, 19I, 285 Bacterial Diseases of Plants. E. F. SMITH ...................... ............ 34, I23 Nocturnal Protective Coloration of Animals. A. E. VERRILL .. 99 Inferior Boundary of the Quaternary Era. 0. H. HERSHEY............. I04

Pouched or Pocket Gopher. C. L. WEBSTER.......................... ........ II4 Photographing Cedar Birds. R. W. SHUPELD. . ............................... I20 Bird Life in Central America. D. F. RANDOLPH . . I99 Undescribed Species of Megascolides. F. SMIH . .202

Birds of New Guinea. G. S. MEAD.......................................... 204 Scope and Position of Biochemistry. A. MA THWS . .27I

Polyphyletic Disposition of Lichens. F. CLEMENTS....................... 277 Some Manitoba Cladocera. L. S. Ross............................................ 293 The Florida Sea Monster. A. E. VERRIL . .304 The Optic Lobes of the Bee's Brain. F. C. KENVON...................... 369 Notes on the Flora and Fauna of Mammoth Cave. R. E. CALL ....... 377 Methods in Economic Ornithology, with Reference to the Cat-bird.

S. D. JUDD ................. 392 Dr. G6tte on the Development of the Vertebral Column. 0. P. HAY. 397 The International Geological Congress. P. FRAZER .................... 406, 592

In Memorial, E. D. Cope. P. FRAZER................................ .... 410 Obituary Notice of E. D. Cope. J. S. KINGSLEUY.........4........4.1.4.. 414 Toxodontia. E. D. COE .485 Characters of Macropetalichthys. C. R. EASTMAN ........................... 493 Golden-eye or Lace-wing Fly. C. M. WEED....... ............. ..... 500 Biological Studies in Massachusetts. G. C. WHIPPLE ........... 503, 576, ioi6 On the Affinities of Tarsius: A Contribution to the Phylogeny of the

Primates. C. EARLE................................................... 569, 68o Natural Impulses. W. BERNHARDT......................................... . 582 New Observations on the Origin of the Galapagos Islands, with Re-

marks on the Geological Age of the Pacific Ocean. G. BAUR.

66i, 864 The Swamps of Oswego County, N. Y., and their Flora. W. WV.

RowLEE ..... . . 690, 792 Biology and Medicine. W. H. WIELCH..75.................................. 755 Hair and Feathers. J. S. KINGSLEY.......................................... 767 Birds of the Galapagos Islands: A Criticism of Mr. Robert Ridgway's

Recent Paper. G. BAUR .777



iv The American Naturalist. [Vol. XXXI,

The Advance of Biology in 1895. C. B. DAVENPORT ........................ 785 Edward Drinker Cope, Naturalist-A Chapter in the History of

Science. T. GIrL.............................................................. - 83I Cephalic Homologies. A Contribution to the Determination of the

Ancestry of Vertebrates. C. S. MINOr................................... 927

The Limits of Organic Selection. H. F. OSBORN.......................... 944 The Geological Congress in Russia. C. PALACHEU ........ 951 Some Unwritten History of the Naples Zoological Station .960 Wind River and Bridger Beds in the Huerfano Lake Basin. H. F.

OSBORN ............................................................................ 966 Peculiar Zonal Formations of the Great Plains. F. E. CLEMENTS...... 968 The Cricket as a Thermometer. A. E. DOLBEAR .................. 970 Trituberculy: A Review Dedicated to the late Professor Cope. H. F.

OSBORN .............................................................................. 993 Hammar's Ectoplasmic Layer. E. A. ANDRES... . I027

A North American Freshwater Jelly Fish. E. POTTS .1032 Observations on the Functions of the Pyloric Coaca of Asterias Vul-

garis. E A. STONE. . .............0............................................. 1035 EDITOR'S TABLE.-Protection of Wild Animals, 4I; Mammoth in

Alaska, 42; Gypsy Moth, 42; Field Museum, Chicago, 42;

Series of Lake Superior Rocks, 43; Original Research in Uni- versities, 139; Woodrow Wilson on Science, I40; Science in the Newspapers, 2IO; Government Scientific Bureau, 2II Tariff on Animals, 2[2; Taxation of Education, 308; Postage on Objects of Science, 309; Government Appointments. 3IO; Thoughts on Scientific Fads, 509; Change of Ownership of the American Naturalist, 699; Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, 700; The American Naturalist, 8oo; L'Annee Biologique, 802; Scattered Biological Data, 803; Amer- ican Journal of Physiology, 804; The Toronto Meeting of the British Association, 896; The Louisiana Society of Naturalists, 90i; Milk Supply, 97I; Government Publications, 97I; Ac- quired Characters, I041; Boston Society of Natural History . io42

RucENT LIrERMATURE-Nathorst's Paleozoic Flora of Arctic Zone, 43; Biological Examination of Lake Michigan, 45; Indiana Academy of Science, 46; Beal's Grasses, 47; Brush's Mineral- ogy, 48; Chudzinzki on Facial Muscles, 49; Bailey's Survival of the Unlike, I40; Prillieux's Diseases of Plants, I42; Camp- bell's Mosses and Ferns, 143; Experimental Morphology, 2I2; Oceanic Ichthyology, 2I3 ; Fishes of North America, 2I4; Evo- lution or Creation, 2i6; Sudworth's Arborescent Flora of U. S., 3IO; Lehmann and Neumann's Bakteriologie, 312; Science Sketches, 314; Recent Papers on Vertebrate Paleontology, 314; Surface Features, Missouri Geological Survey, 419; Life in Ponds and Streams, 510; Year Book of the Department of Agriculture for I895, 5II ; Mack's Popular Lectures, 511 ; Mar- tin's Human Body, 5 1 I; Geology of Pennsylvania, 5I I; Report of the U. S. Fish Commission, 512; Animals at Work and Play,



1897.] Conterts. V

5I2; Report of Canadian Geological Survey for 1894, 5I3;

Thaxter's Laboulbeniacele, 513 ; Comstock's Entomology, 515; Hertwig's The Cell, 5i6; Kirby's Entomology, 5I6; Birds of Illinois, 517; The Forces of Nature, 5I7; Morgan's Develop- ment of the Frog's Egg, 594; Miocene Mollusca and Crustacea of New Jersey, 597 ; Sixteenth Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, 597; Russell's Glacier's of North America, 597; Cocci- dae of Ceylon, 701; Section Cutting and Staining, 704; The Cambridge Natural History, 704; Aquatic Insects, 705; The Senile Heart, 706; Sixth Report of the Shaw Gardens, 706; Tarr's Elementary Geology, 804; U. S. Fish Commission, 804; Hand-book of British Birds. 805; A List of Periodicals .805

RECENT BOOKS AND PAMPuLETS.-50, 145, 216, 324, 42I, 518, 598, 706 G:ENERAL NOTES.-Genera/ Biology.-Reactions to Stimuli in Parame-

cium, 974; Average Contribution of each Ancestor to the Total Heritage of the Offspring,. 1043 ; Preformation vs. Epigenesis, I044; Dissemination of Organisms, 1044; Plankton Note . 1045

Petrograpzy.-Basic Rocks of Devonshire, 52; Magmatic Alteration of Hornblende and Biotite, 52; Petrography of Little Rocky Mountains, 53; Volcanic Rocks of Bolsena, Italy, 54; Analcite- Bearing Rocks, 54; Petrographical Notes, 55, I50, 221, 425, 523,

607, 1053; Petrography of the Viterbo Region. I48; Missourite, 149; Schists of the Spessart, 149; Petrographical Instruments, I50; Rocks at Bedford, N. Y., 219; Basic End-number of the Augite-Syenite Nepheline Series, 2I9; Anorthosites of Rainy Lake Region, 220; Volcanic Rocks of Fox Islands, Maine, 220; Italian Petrography, 326; Eclogite of the Fichtelgebirge, 327; Nodular Granite from Finland, 327; Volcanic Ash from Lake Superior, 328; Diabases of Goslar, 328; Petrography of Bear Paw Mountains, 423; Laurentian Rocks North of Montreal, 424; Rocks of the Leucite Hills, 424; Rocks of the Columbretes, Spain, 424; Dykes in Tyrol, 425; Mud Enclosures in Trap, 520; Keratophyre Dyke near New Haven, 52I; Gabbros. of Bohemia, 52i; Exotic Blocks in Eocene Schists of the Alps, 52I; Eleolite- Syenite of Portugal, 522; Ancient Volcanic Rocksof Pennsylva- nia, 605; Rocks Associated with Magnetites near Port Henry, 605; Basalts of Steiermark, 606; Volcanic Rocks of Bohemia, 6o6; Zonal Crystals, 607; Igneous Rocks of Trans-Pecos, Texas, 8o6; Italian Petrographical Studies, 807; Rock Differentiation, 807; Granites of Pyramid Peak District, California,. So8; Pegma- tite, 809; Petrography of the Marquette Iron Range, I050; Rock Formation of Silver Cliff and Rosita District .i05i

Mineraloqy.-Production of Precious Stones in I895,329; Coloring Mat- ter of Minerals, 33I; Pearceite and Polybasite, 331; Miscellane- ous Notes, 332; Lewisite and Zirkelite, 6oi; Epidote and Zoisite, 602; Monoclinic Pyroxenes of New York, 602; Zonal Structure of Crystals, 603, 607 Miscellaneous Notes, 603 ; Derbylite, 1045; Zirkelite, 1045; Wellsite, a New Zeolite, 1046; Silicate Contain-



vi The American Naturali4t. [Vol. XXXI,

ing Lead, I046; Bixbyite, 1047; Zinkenite Group, I048; Terres- trial Iron from Missouri .................................................I .......;1049

Geology and Paleonfology.-Relations of Lambdotherium, 55; Develop- ment of Foot in Palaeosynopinoe, 5I; Western American Loess, 58; Extinct Birds of Chatham Island, 59; Rocks of the Antarc- tic Continent, 222; Queries on Rock Differentiation, 223; Coal Measures of Arkansas, 223; Lead and Zinc of Iowa, 224; Erup- tive History of Yellowstone Park, 224; Atlantic Coast Eocene, 225; Glacio-Marine Beds of Europe; Geological News, 227, 337, 530, 613, 7I2; Alleged Fossil Micrococci, 333; Geology of Luang Prabang, 333; Chico-Tejon Beds, 333; Position of Periptychi&e; 335; Glacial Beaches of Michigan, 336; Lake Agassiz, 337; The Prehistoric Dog, 337; International Geological Congress, 524; The Laramie and Related Formations of Wyoming, 528; Lower Cretaceous Flora of Europe and America, 530; Geology of Alaska, 6o8; Phylogeny of Daemonelix, 609; Nature, Struct- ure and Phylogeny of Daemonelix, 6io; Origin of Edentatas, 6I2; Gypsum Deposits of Kansas, 612; Geology of the Funafuti Coral Reef, 6I3; Hollick on Block Island, 709; Age of the Him- alayas, 709; Geological History of the Bermudus, 7I0; Cana- dian Paleozoic Fossils, 710; Kellaways Fauna in Beluchistan, 711; Fauna of the Wombeyan Caves, N. S. W., 7II; A Region of Environmental Change, 7I2; Archegosauras, 975; Recon- struction of Phenacodus primaevus, 980; Schuchert's Synopsis of American Fossil Brachiopods ............................................. I053,

Botany.-Climatic Influence of Lake Erie on Vegetation, 6o; Classi- fication of Protaphyta, 63; Metric System in Botany, 15I; Eaton and Faxon's Sphagna, I52; The Cell Nucleus, 153; An Austra- lian Curiosity, I54; Stolons of Phragmites, 227 ; Key to Mosses, 228; New Species of Fungi, 339, 426; Botanical News, 343, 430, 534, 7I5, 906; Changes in Nomenclature of American Trees, 43I; Note on Lysimachia, 433; Another Popular Botany, 433; A Scientific Dictionary of Plants, 532; Order and Family in Botany, 532; Botanical Society of America, 615; Botany in the National Educational Association, 616; Marine Biological Lab- oratory, 6i6; A Beginner's Botany, 6I7; The Death of Sachs, 7I3; Opportunities for Research in the Missouri Botanical Gar- den, 714; Gray's Synoptical Flora, 809; Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora, Sio; The Nature of Ivy Poisoning, goi; Bot- any in Detroit, 903; Botanical'Society of America, 905 ; Govern- ment Timber Tests, 906; Distribution of Plants Along Shore at the Lake of the Woods, 980; Bailey's Principles of Fruit Grow- ing ......-. ............... . - . . . ....... I05o5

Vegetable P/zysiology.-What is Leuconostoc mesenterodes? 228; New Disease of Tobacco, 23I; Ecological Plant Geography, 435; Che- motropism of Fungi ............................................................. 7

Zoology.-Nuclei and Cytoplasm in Isopods, 66; Climbing of Myria- pods, 7I; Species of Lepidosiren, 72; Regeneration of the Lens



1897.3 Contents. vii

of Triton, 72; English Sparrow Not Always a Nuisance, 73; Ori- gin of Chiropterygium, 74; New White-Footed Mouse, 74; Bats from Lower California, 75; Deaths from Mammals and Snakes in India, 77; Number of Species of Living Animals, 78; Terce- ira Dog, 79; Amceba coli Not Pathogenic, I55; Bipalium, I55, Egg-Laying in Sagitta, 155; American Choetognaths, 156; Cen- tral American Diplopods, I58; Development of Wing Scales in Lepidoptera, I58; Rapid Growth of Apus, I58; Steindachneria, I58; Mutilations of Redfish, I59; Reithrodontomys in Virginia, I6o; Inheritance of Monodactyly in the Pig, I6i; Newfoundland Martin, i6[; Zoological News, i63, 24i, 629; Filaroides mustel- arium in American Skunks, 234; Appendages of Peneus, 235; Nerve Endings in Vertebrate Stomach, 236; Breeding of Ross' Gull, 237; Mammals of Bertie Co., N. C., 237; New Vole from Nova Scotia, 239; New Race of Gibb's Mole, 24I; Paramoeba eilhardii, 344; Diplodal Sponge Chambers, 345; Asymmetry of Spirorbis and Relations of the Species, 345; Malpighian Tubes of Orthoptera, 346; Eels Eating Limulus Eggs, 347; Elas- coma zonatum East of the Apallachians, 348; The Human Tail, 349; Gases of Physalia and of Fishes, 440; Ascaris, 440; Excretory and Circulatory Organs of Nemertines, 44I; Epitokic Forms in Cirratulidoe, 442; Crop in Dragon Flies, 442; Regen- eration of an Antenna in Place of an Eye, 443; Variable Sutures in Turtle Skull, 446; List of Mammals of Raleigh, N. C., 446; Stichospira paradoxa, n. g. et. SP., 535; Enigmatic Strictures of Sipunculus, 541; Observations on Peripatus, 543; A Myrmeco philous Mite, 544; Poison of Centipedes, 544; Ear-like Organ in Phloeothrips, 545; " Delarvation " as a Translation of " Echinil- lage," 546; Orientation of Organisms by Light, 6i9; Relation Between Intensity of Light and Rapidity of Movement, 620; Birds of Chester Co., Penna., 623, SII, 907; On the Use of the Terms Heredity and Variability, 629; Origin of Life, 720; Life Cycle of Coccidia, 721; Nephridia of the Neinertine, 722; A A Remarkable Japanese Cirripede, 723 ; Classification of Or- thoptera, 724; A Preserve of Black Foxes, 725; Metamorphoses of Leptocephalus, 726; Fauna of Aldabra, 8i I; Czecal Append- ages of the Orthopteran Mid-Gut, 985; The Hypochorda, 985; Blood-Vessels in Epithelinm . ....................... 986

Entonzclogy.--Antennae of Lepidoptera, 8o; Sleeping Trees of Hymen- optera, 8o; Nets Excluding Insects, 8i; Life Hist ry of Sannina, 8i; Smith's Economic Entomology, 82; Oceanic Migrations of a Dragon-Fly, 82; American Spring-Tail, i63; Caterpillar Sur- viving Ichneumon Attack, i64; Viviparous Ephemerid, i65 Coleoptera of the Rio Grande Valley, 349; Life History of Xylina, 350; Notes on Dragon-flies, 351; Changes in Intestinal Epithelium of Tenebrio, 354; Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- mals, 449; Life History of Coleophora, 45I; Studies of Mimicry, 45I; Vitality of Ephydra, 452; San Jose Scale, 547; Spruce



Viii The American Naturalist. [Vol. XXXI,

Gall-Louse, 548; Hemiptera, 549, 633; Coleoptera, 550; Dip- tera, 55I; General Notes,.552, 635, 729; Miss Ormerod's Report, 630; Lepidoptera, 631; McNiell on Tryxalinae, 63I; John L. Curtis, 632, Alternation of Generations in Cynips, 634; An Ant- Inhabiting Mite, 726; Spread of the Asparagus Beetle, 728; Pro- tective Value of Motion, 814; Ambrosia Beetles, 8i6; Brown- Tailed Moth, 8I7; Scudder's Guide to the Orthoptera .9I

Embryology. -Movements of Blastomeres, 83; Mechanical Explanation of Cell Division, 84; Corpus Luteum, i67; Cleavage in Ovarian Eggs, i69; Spinning Powers of Eggs, 243; Two Animals from One Egg, 452; Do the Astral Rays Pull or Push? 453; Contin- uity of Cells in Eggs, 454; Breeding Habits of the Spotted Sal- amander, 635; Cell Division and Nuclear Division, 637; Visual Complexity of Protoplasm in Certain Eggs, 639; Some Activi- ties of Living Eggs, 730; Spinning in Serpula Eggs, 8i8; Fer- tilization ..io56

Physiology.-Venom of the Australian Black Snake ........................... 245 Psychology. -Reinversion of Retinal Image, 86; Bird's Nests and In-

stinct, 89; Psychic Evolution, 9i; American Psychological Association, i69; Psychology in i896, 248; Studies in Tele- graphic Language, 252; Inheritance of Subserviency, 253; Dreams, 354; Courtship of Grasshoppers, 357; Notes on Child Psychology, 455; Effects of Music on Caged Animals, 460; Mr. Spencer's Psychology, 553; Involuntary Movements, 557; Con- traction of the Field of Vision, 558; Rapid Calculators, 642; Visual Perception of Depth, 644; Physiological Effects of Men- tal Work, 732; The Tactual Threshold for the Perception of Two Points, 820; L'Annee Biologique, 823; Notes on the Ex- perimental Study of Memory, 912; Odor-mixture, 987; Psy- chology at the British Association, 988; Physical Basis of Pain, 1057; Baldwin's Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development ......i........................ . . . .................... io6o

Anthropology.-The Swastika Cross, 255; Maler's Exploration in Yuca- tan, 258; Cave Hunting in Syria, 258; Pile Structures of Semi- nole Indians, 357; Grooved Stone Axe in South America, 359; Fossil Bird Bones from the Bone Caves of Tennessee, 645; Scapule of Indians of the Northwest Coast, 736; The Tomahawk of the North American Indian, 824; A Triple Indian Grave in Western New York, 826; The History of Mankind .........0......... i62

Microscopy.-Formol, 92, 464, 465; Preparation of Rotifers, 360; Angle of the Razor in Section Cutting, 464; Schaper's Method of Re- construction .......................................................... 746

PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTICIC SOCIETIES, 96, 174, 259, 36i, 467, 559, 650 ........................................................... 748

SCIENTIFIC NEws, 97, i88, 267, 365, 478, 566, 657, 75I, 828, 917, 990,... i164



1897.] Index. ix

I ND EX. ACQUIRED Characters. ........ 1041 Baker, F. C., Effects of Music

Activities of Eggs....730, 8i8 on Caged Animals .46i Agriculture,Publications of De- Baldwin, J. Mark, Wm. Spen-

partment of ..................... 97I cer'sPsychology ................ 553 Alabama Biological Survey ...... i88 Baluchistan, Jurassic of ......... 7II Alaska, Geology of ............. 6o8 Bangs, O., Description of New- Alnoite .... 55 foundland Martin ............. i6i Alteration of Hornblende and New Mole .240

Biotite . . . 52 New White-Footed Mouse. 74 Alternation of Generations in New Vole .239

Cynips ............. 634 Barnacle, New Species of ........ 723 Ambrosia Beetles ............. 8o6 Basalts of Styria ..................... 6o6 Amblystoma, Breeding Habits Basic Rocks of Devonshire 52

of............................. 635 Bats from Lower California ......... 75 American and British Associa- Baur, G., Archegosaurus . 975

tions . .................... 896 B i r d s of the Galapagos American Morphological Socie- Archipelago .777

ty ........... . I79 Origin of the Galapagos American Naturalist ............... Soo Islands .... .. 66i, 864 American Philosophical Society, Benedict, A. L., Triple Indian

Proceedings .......... . 96 Grave.. 826 American Psychological Asso- Bermudas, Geology of ............. 7I0

ciation............................ I69 Bernhardt, W., Natural Im- American Society of Natural- pulses ............ 582

ists . I74 Bessey, C. E., Arrangement of Amceba coli........................... I55 Protophyta ..................... 63 Analcite-Bearing Rocks . ......... 54 Bailey's Survival of the Un- Andrews, E. A., Breeding of like .140

Amblystoma ........ 635 Botany in Detroit ....... ..... 903 Davenport's Experimental Beal's Grasses of N o r t h Morphology ..................... 2I2 America ......... 47 Spinning in Serpula Eggs.. 8i8 Eaton and Faxon's North

Animals, Number of Living 78 American Sphagna . 52 Anorthosites of Rainy Lake Re- Metric System in Botany 15I

g-on ..................... 220 Notice of J. von Sachs ...... 713 Antarctic Continent, Rocks of.. 222 Sudworth's Arborescent Antenna Replacing an Eye ...... 443 Flora .. 3.0 Antennae of Lepidoptera ......... 8o Thaxters Laboulbeniaceae. 513 Apus. Rapid Growth of ............ I58 Zimmerman's Cell Nucleus. I53 Archean of Missouri ............... 55 Biochemistry, Position of ......... 27I Archegosaurus ....................... 975 Biological Data . .............. 803 Arkansas Coal Measures .......... 223 Biology in i895............. ......... 785 Asparagus Beetle . ................... 728 Biology and Medicine. ............. 755 Atlantic Eocene ............ 225 Biotite, Alteration of ............... 52 Augen-Gneiss at Bedford, N. Y. 2i9 Bipalium in Jamaica . I55 Augite ......................... I5o Bird Life in Central America... 199 Augite Syenite Series ............. 2i9 Birds, Extinct, of Chatham Is . 59 Axe, Stone ...... I, 359 Birds, Fossil ............... 227, 645

Birds of Chester Co.....622, 8ii, 907 A C T E R I A L Diseases. of 1 Birds of Galapagos .....777

L Plants ... ; 34, I23 i Birds of New Guinea ............... .. 204



x The American Naturalist. [Vol. XXXI,

Birds of Somali ...................... 725 Review of Green's Coccidoe ...... 701 Birds' Nests and Instinct ......... 89 Coleophora, Life-History ......... 451

Bixbyite ...................... I047 Coleoptera of Texas ............... 349 Black Foxes ...................... 725 Coleoptera, Notes on ......... 550, 8i6. Blastomeres, Movements of..... 83 Collembola ..... ................ 163, Blood Vessels in Epithelium... 986 Colorado, Rock Formation in Io5I Blum, F., Formol not Formal. 464 Coloring Matter of Minerals._. 331 Botanical Society of America. 615 Conant, F. S.. Obituary of . 924

Botany in Detroit .............. 903 Conklin, E. G., Cytoplasm and Brain of Bee ..... .. 369 Nuclei of Land Isopods 66. Brimley, C. S., Mammals of Continuity of Cells .454

North Carolina .......... 237, 446 Contraction of Field of Vision .. 558 British Insects .............. 630 Cope, E. D., Notices of... Bridger Beds ........ 966 4I0, 414, 83I British Association, Psychology Jo r d a n and Evermann,

at ........... 988 Fishes of America ........ ... 214. Brown-Tailed Moth .............. 817 Mrs. Gardener on the In- Bear Paw Mountains, Rocks of. 423 heritance of Subserviency, 253

Bee, Brain of ........ 369 Psychic Evolution ........... 9i Beecher,C. E.,Schuchert's Syn- Position of Periptychidae.. 335.

opsis of Brachiopods ......... I053 Recent Papers on Vertebr- ate Paleontology. 3I4

CVECA in Orthoptera 985 Scientific Fads . . 509 Call, R. E., Biology of Toxodontia . ...... 485 Mammoth Cave ............... 377 Coral Reef, Geology of ............ 6i3

Catbird ............... 392 Corpus luteum .............. ... i67 Caves in Syria ......... 258 Corundum .604 Cell Division, Explanation of ... 84 Crater Lake ........ 6o4 Cell Division and Nuclear Di- Crawford, J. F. Studies in

vision .................. 637 Telegraphic Language ....... 252

Cells, connections between .....19. I027 Cretaceous Flora of Europe and Central America, Birds ............ 9g America ........................ 530 Cephalic Homologies ............ 927 Plants of New Jersey . 531

Centipedes, Poison of ............ 544 Crickets and Temperature . 970 Ceriodaphnia n. Sp ............... . 296 Cricotus .6I3 Chatham Is., Extinct Birds of. 59 Crinoids . 227 Cnelone, Variations in Skull of. 446 Cross Swastika . . 255

Cheiropterygium, Origin of..... 74 Crustacea, Sexual Organs of.... 235

Chemotropism of Fungi .......... 7I7 Crystals, Zonal Structure of 603, 607 Chico-Tejon Beds ............ 333 Cycadaceae .6I4 Child Psychology ............ 455 Cymbium, Fossil .338 Chrysopa ........................... 500 Cytology of Isopods ............... . 66 Cirriped, New ................. 723 Cladocera of Manitoba ............ 293 B AgMONELIX . 609, 6io, Cleavage of Ovarian Eggs . 69.... J-' Davenport, C. B. Adv- Clements, F. E., Arrangement ance of Biology in i895 785

of Lichens . ..... 277 Inheritance from Ancestors, I043 Campbell's Mosses a n d Delarvation ... ..... 546 Ferns .. I43 Derbylite .5...... I045 Zonal Formations of Great Devonshire, Basic Rocks of----- 52 Plains .... 968 Diabases of Goslar.. 328

Clepsydrops ................. ... 6I3 Dipeltis ......................... 613 Climate and Vegetation .......... 6o Diplopoda of Central America.. I58 Coal Measures of Arkansas. 223 Diptera, Notes on .55I Coccids, Notes on . ........... 588 Disease of Tobacco .231 Coccidae of Ceylon ................. 70I Dog, Prehistoric .337 Cockerell, T. D. A., Bipalium Terceira ... . . 79

in Jamaica .. . .. I55 Dolbear. A. E. Crickets as Contributions in Coccidol- Thermometers .................. 970 ogy . 588 Dormouse, Extinct ................. 227



1S97.]1 Index. xi

Dorsey, G. A. Scapular of Gall Louse of Spruce .............. 548 Northwest Coast Indian-...* 736 Garman, H. Distribution of

Dragon Fly. Migration of ........ 82 Elassoma . . 348 Flies, Notes on .......... 351 Geological Congress, Interna-

Dreams .................. . ........... 354 tional ... 407, 45I, 524. 592, 95I Drift of Ohio, Implements in... I Geology of Luang Prabang ...... 333

Geomys .I I4

EARLE, C. Affinities of Tar- Gill, T. Edward Drinker Cope, sius ................. 569, 68o Naturalist ........................ 83I

Eastman, C. R. Characters of Glacial Beaches of Michigan.... 336 Macropetalichthys ............ 493 Glacio-marine Beds of Europe.. 255

Earthworm, New ............ 203 Gleason, A. Note on Lysma- Echinoderms,Function of Coeca I035 cbia ... ..........-.----.433 Eclogite of the Fichtelgebirge. 327 Gdtte and the Vertebral Column 397 Edentates, Origin of ............... 6I2 Golden-Eye Fly ............ 500 Eels Feeding on Limulus Eggs. 347 Goode and Bean's Oceanic Ich- Eggs, Activities of .................. 730 thyology ............ . 213

Spinning Powers of .......... 242 Gopher, Pocket ........... 114 Eigenmann, C. H. Steindach- Granite of Bachergebirge. 222

neria . I58 Granites of California .............. 808 Elassoma zonatuni in the East. 348 from Finland .327 Eleolite, Syenite of Portugual.. 522 Granophyres .1 Ellis.J. B., and Everhardt, B. Grasshoppers, Courtship of . 357

M., New Fungi ..........343, 426 Gratacap, L. P. Fossils and Enargite .... ... 604 Fossilization ..........i6, 91, 285 English Sparrow not a Nuisance 73 Grave, Triple Indian .826 Entomocaris ........................ 227 Gull, Breeding of Ross' ........... 236 Eocene of Atlantic coast ......... 225 Gypsum of Kansas .................. 6I2 Ephemerid, Viviparous ........... i65 Epidote ...... .................. 602 H AIR and Feathers ............... 767 Epigenesis ...... 1044 Hammar's Ecloplasmic Epithelium, Blood Vessels in ... 986 Layer ............. 1027 Epithelium of Tenebris in Meta- Hawaiian Lavas... . 425

morphosis .................... 354 Hay 0. P. Vertebral Column, 397 Euproctis ........................ 817 Hemiptera ..549, 633 Evolution, Psychic. 9i Hershey, 0. H. Limits of Extermination of Insects ......... 42 Quaternary Era .... I04 Extinct Birds of Chatham Is.... 59 Himalayas, Age of .................. 709

Hitchcock, A. S. Warming's AUNA of Aldabra ................ 8.i Pflanzengeographie ........... 435 F Feathers and Hair ............ 767 Hobbs, W. H. Brush's Deter-

Fertilization .........io.6 [........ minative Mineralogy ........ 48 Field of VisionContraction of. 558 Hornblende ..... 52, I50 Filaroides in Skunks ............... 234 Huerfano, Lake Basin ............ 966 Fiske, F. W. Notes on Hemip- Humites ................................ 604

tera ...... .. 550 Humphrey, J. E. Obituary of. 920 Flora of Swanmps .............- 690, 792 Hypochorda ..... 985 Foot in the Palheosynopinoe ...... 57 Fornmol............--.92, 267, 464, 465 1 CHNEUMON Attacks . i64 Fossils and Fossilization, i6, 19I 285 1 Infusorian, New .------------ 535 F.azer, P. E. D. Cope ........ ... 4Io Inheritance of Character . 253

International Geological from Ancestors. I42 Congress ...... ............. 407 Insects of Domestic Animals.... 449

Fu afuti, Geology of .............. 6I3 Brain of .369 Fungi, New Species ........... 339, 426 Extermination of ..... ........ 42 Fungus, A Stone Making. 154 Sleep of ...................... 8o

Vision of . .. . 8i (itABBROS of Bohemia ......... 521 International Geological Con- G Galapagos Islands, 66i, gress .. 407, 45I, 524, 592, 951

777, ................... 864 Instinct and Bird's Nests. 89



Xii The American Naturalist. [Vol. XXXT,

Intrusive' Rocks at Bedford, Macropetaliclhthys, Characters N. Y ... 219 of ........................... 493

Involuntary Movemen tst 55 Malpighian Tubes of Orthop- Iowa Academy of Science. 265 tera .................. 346 Iron Ores of Adirondacks.......530 Mammals of Costa Rica .......... 725

Terrestrial fromMissouri ... 1049 Mammals of Raleigh, N. C., Isopods Intestinal Cells of .. 66 237, 446 Italian Rocks ................. ..... 326 Mammoth in Alaska'...... 42 Ivy Poison...90. Mammoth Cave, Flora and

Fauna of...... .. 377 JELLY Fish, Fresh-water ..1032 Marine Biological Laboratory.. 917

judd, S. D. Economic Orni- Marlatt, C. L. American Spring thology and the Cat-Bird... 392 Tail .................... 163

Marquette, Petrography of ' 050 ENYON, F. C. Abstracts by, Marsupials, Fossil .7"I.

45, 7I, 72, 78, 89, I55, I56, Marten, New Species ...............'. i6i I58, 235, 236, 245, 443, 464, Mason, 0. T. The lTomahawk. 824 746 ....................985 Mathews, A. Scope and Posi- Delarvation ..................... 546 tion of Biochemistry . 27 Optic Lobes Bee's Brain. 369 Matthews, W. D. Development

Keratophyre near New Haven.. 521 ' of Foot in Palheosynopinae. 57 Kingsley, J. S. E. D. Cope....- 4I4 Mead, G. S. Birds of New

Hair and Feathers ............ 767 Guinea . .204 Proceedings of the Indiana Mearns, L. Z. Reithrodonto- Academy ......................... 46 mys in Virginia. ................ i6i

Koralps, Structure of .............. 222 Medusa, fresh-water ................ 1032 Megascolides, n. sp .................. . 203

IACCOCEPHALUM ............ . I54 Memory, Study 'of.912 - Lace Wing Fly ............ 5oo... Mental Variety, Origin of ....... 3

'Lake Agassiz ......... 337 Mental Work, Effects of. 732 Lake Superior Rocks, Series of 43 Mercer, H. C. Grooved Axe... Lambdotherium, Relations of.. 55 The Swatiska Cross .......... 255 L'Annee Biologique' ..............823 Maler's Explorations in Laramie Formation ............... 528 Yucatan ..... 258 Laurentian Rocks of Canada .... 424 Pile Structures of Seminole Lavas of Hawaiia .................... 425 Indians . ....... .. 357 Lead and Zinc of Iowa ........... 224 Methods of Ornithology .......... 392 Lee, W. T. Mosasaurid from Metric System in Botany. I51

Colorado .................... 614 Michigan, Glacial Beaches ....... 336 Lepidocyrtus . 163 ~~~~~~~Micrococci. 'Fossil .333..... LIepidocyrtus ...........I3.McociFsil........................ 6 333

Lepidosiren, Species of .......... 72 Microtus, New ....................... 239 Lepidoptera .................... 63I Milk Supply, Supervision of.... 971 Lepidoptera, Antennae of ......... 80 Miller, G. S., Jr. Bats from Lepidoptera, Colors of Scales of. I58 Lower California .75 Leptocephalus, Metamorphoses Mimicry in Insects. 45 I

of .726 Minds, Origin of ..............' 3 Reucite Hills, Mont., Rocks of. 424 Minerals, Coloring of .331 Leucite Rock, New ................. -149 Minot, C. S. Cephalic Homol- Leuconostoc ......................'. 228 ' ogies and'Ancestry of Ver- Lewisite ................. 6ot tebrates .......................... 927 Lichens, 'Relations.of .............. 277 Missouri, Archean of ................ 55 Life, Origin of .. .................. Missouri Botanical Garden ....... 714 Little Rocky Mountains, Petro- Missourite .. 149

graphy of.......... ..... Missouri, Terrestrial Iron from. 1049 Loess of Western America ....... 58 Mole, New; ........ .......... 240 Lyman, T., Obituary of ............ 923 Mollusca of Tennessee ............ 24I Lysimachia, Note on. 433 Molybdenite .................. 603

Monkeys, Fossil ..... 338, 712, 713

NM AGNETITES of Port Henry Monodactyly in Pig .i6i N.Y . 60.5 Montana Petrography .............. 53



1 97.1 Index. xiii

Montgomery, T. H. Birds of pACIFIC Ocean, Age of..66i, 864 Chester Co., Penna. ...622, I Pain, Physical Basis of . 1057

8i I, 907 Palache, C. Geological Con- Mortality from Animals in gress in Russia .951

India.77 Palkeosynopinae, Foot of ..........57 Mosasaurid from Colorado; ...... 6I4 Paleozoic Fossils of Canada..... 710 Moseley. E. L. Influence of Pain. Physiological Basis of.. 1057

Lake Erie on Vegetation ... 6o Paramecium, Reactions to Stim- Movements of Blastomeres ...... 83 uli.......................... 974 Mud Enclosures in Trap .......... 520 Paramoeba .....................-....... 344 Music and Caged Animals ....... 46i Parasitism ....... 450 Mustela, New '-pecies ............. i62 Peach Tree Borer .................. 8i Mutilations of Oregon Redfish. I59 Pearceite .33I Myriapods, Climbing of. 7I Pegmatite.......................... 809 Myrmecophilous Mite ....... 544, 726 Pegmacrinus . ...........-...-.. --. 337 Myoxus ......................... 227 Perception of Two Points . 820

Peripatus, Habits of .. 543 NAPLES Station, Unwritten Periptychidae, Position of . 335

History of ............... . 960 Peromyscus. New ................... 74 Natural Impulses ................ 582 Petrographical Instruments.. 150 Nemertine Nephridia .............. 722 Petrography of Italy ............... 326 Neniertines, Vascular System Petrography of Marquette Iron

of............................ 44T Range.. .5................. i05 Nephridia of Nemertine ......

. 722 Petroleum in California . 531

Nerve Ends in Stomach .......... 236 Phenacodus, Reconstruction of. 980 Neurotrichus, New .............. 240 Phototaxis of Organisms . 6i New Guinea, Birds of .............. 204 Phragmites, Stolons of...... ....... 227 New York Academy of Sciences Phyllocarida ................ ........ 227

i8i, 259, 467, 565, 653 Phytophtora .. 23I Nichols, H. Origin of Mental Pig, Monodactyly in .. i6i

Variety. 3 Pilsbry, H. A. New Cirriped.. 723 Nitrates, Test for ....... ....... 22I Pile Structures of Seminole In- North Carolina, Mammals of ... 237 dians....................... 357 Number of Animal Species ...... 78 Plankton............... ............... Ic44

Plants, Diseases of . 34, 123 DONATA, Notes on . .......... 35 I Plants, Distribution of at Lake

- Odor-mixture ............ 987 of the Woods . ... 980 Ohio Academy of Science ........ 262 Poison. Ivy Poisoning .90i Optic Lobes of Bee .............. 369 Poison of Australian Black Order and Family in Botany.... .. 532 Snake ........................ 245 Oregon, Rocks of ................... . 15I Polybasite ........................ 331 Organic Selection ................... 944 Postage on Scientific Objects... 309 Organisms, Dissemination of ... 1044 Potts, E. Freshwater Jelly Fish I032 Origin of Life .-I................. 720 Pound, R,, and Clements, F. E. Orthoptera, Caeca in ............... 985 Distribution of Plants at Orthoptera, Intestine of .......... 723 Lake of the Woods ............. 980 Orthoptera, Malpighian Tubes. 346 Prabang, Geology of .333 Osborn, H. F. Relations of Precious Stones in i896 . 329

Lamhdotherium ............ 55 Preformation ..........0 I44 Limits of Organic Select- Prehistoric Dog .337 ion............ I .....-.... 944 Primates, Fossil ........ 338 Wind River and Bridger Principles of Fruit Growing.. I055 Beds .960 Protection of Wild Animals..4I, 97 Reconstruction of Phena- Protective Coloration. .. 99 codus.............................. 980 Protocaris ........................ 6I3 Trituberculy .................... 993 Protoplasm, Complexity of ...... 638

Ostracoda, Pliocene ............... . 338 Protophyta, Arrangement of.... 63 Ovarian Eggs, Cleavage of ...... i69 Protozoa of Lake Michigan .... 241 Owls, Names of Horned ...........2 236 Psychic Evolution ................. . 9i



xiv The American Naturalist. j VOl. XXXI,

Psychology in i896 ................. 248 Harrop and Wallis's Forces Pyroxenes of New York .......... 602 of Nature ..................... , 5I7

Hertwig's The Cell.. ............5 i6 fUARTZ- PORPHYRY of Hollick's Block Island . 709

Westphalia .......... ......... 326 Jordan's Science Sketches. 3I4

Quaternary, Lower Limit of 104 Kirby's Elementary Ento- mology. . i6

RADIOLARIANS in Boulder Kunz, Precious Stones in 1 Clay.. . . . 531 i896 ..................... 329 Randolph, D. F., Bird Life in Lehmann und Neumann's

Central America ............... i99 Bakteriologie ................... 312

Rapid Calculators ..... ............ 642 Mach's Popular Lectures ... 5I1 Reactions to Stimuli in Para- McNiell's Tryxalinae . 63I

mecium .........................974 Martin's Human Body ...... 51 Reconstruction Method..... - 746 Miall's Aquatic Insects ..... 705 Red Fish, Mutilations of ......... 159 Missouri Geological Survey 419 Regeneration of Lens inTriton, 72 Morgan's Development of Reithrodontomys in Virginia ... i6o the Frog's Egg .. ......... 594 Research in Universities .......... I39 Nathorst's Paliozoischen Retinal Image, Reinversion of, 86 Flora der arktischen Zone. 43 Reviews. L'Annee Biologique Prillieux's D i s e a s e s of

785, 8oo, 802 Plants. I42 Bailey's Survival of the Un- Proceedings of the Indiana like ... ...... 140 Academy .46 Bailey's Principles of Fruit Ratzel's History of Man- Growing .... I055 kind .. . i062 Baldwin's Social and Ethi- Report U. S. Fish Commis- cal Interpretations in Men- sioner for i894 . 5I2 tal Development. io6o Ridgway's Ornithology of Balfour's Senile Heart ....... 706 Illinois. 517 Barnes and Heald's Key to Ridgway's Birds of the Gal- Mosses ... 228 apagos Archipelago .......... 777 Beal's Grasses of North Russell's Glaciers of North America .... 47 America ..... 597 Boston List of Periodicals.. 805 Schuchert's Brachiopods... I053- Britton and Brown's Flora. 8io Scudder's Guide to Orthop- Brush's Determinative Min- tera ..9 T

eralogy ... 48 Setchell's Botany. . 6I7 Cambridge Natural History Smith's Economic Ento- Vol. V ... 704 mology .82 Campbell's Mosses a n d Stossich on Ascaris ........... 440 Ferns .... I43 Sudworth's Arborescent Chudzinski's Facial Mus- Flora . 3I0 cles .................... 49 Swann's British Birds. 805 Colman's Microtomy ........ 704 Tarr's Elementary Geology 804 Comstock's Manual for the Thaxter's Laboulbenia:eae. 5I3 Study of Insects ............... 5I5 U. S. Fish Commission Re- Cooke's Field Botanies ...... 705 port ................... 804 Cornish's Animals at Work U. S. Geological Survey and Play ..... 512 Report .... .......... 597 Eaton and Faxon's North Vincent's Plant World. 534 American Sphagna..... ...... 152 Ward's Biological Exami- Furneaux, Life in Ponds nation of Lake Michigan. 45 and Streams .... ............. 5I0 Warming's E c ol o g i c a l Geology of Canada, Annual Plant Geography .435 Report for I894.513 Whitfield's Miocene of New Geology of Pennsylvania... 51- Jersey ..597 Gray's Synoptical Flora.... 809 Willis's Dictionary of Plants 532 Green's Coccidae of Ceylon 70I Wilson, The Swastika Cross 255



1897.] Index. xv

Wright's Bird Craft.... ...... 705 Smith, F., New Species of Me- Year Book U. S. Depart- gascolides ...............7...... 03 ment of Agriculture......'.... 511 Snake Poison .245 Zimmerman's Cell Nucleus. I53 Spanish Islands, Rocks of ........ 424

Robinson, B. L., Ivy Poisoning 90i Spencer's Psychology ............. 553 Rock Decay ............... 7I2 Spessart, Crystalline Schists of, 149 Rock Differentiation ......... 223, 807 Spinning Powers of Eggs.... 242 8i8 Rock Formation of Colorado... 105I Spirorbis, Phylogenyof . 345 Rock Weathering ................... 523 Spirula . 629 Rocks, Analcine Bearing ........ 34 Sponges, Fossil, of Canada . 6I3 Rocks of Antarctic Continent.. 222 Sponges, Structure of .. 345 Rocks of Italy ....................... 807 Sporozoa of Arthropods . 721 Rocks, Volcanic, of Bolsena.... 54 Spring-tail, Habits of .. i63 Rocks of Texas ........... -. 8o6 Starfish, Caeca of ....... . .......... I035 Ross, L. S., Manitoba Clado- Steindachneria... I58 cera ............. 293 Sterki, V., Stichospira . 535 Rotifers, Mounting of ............ 360 Stichospira ....... ................. 535 Rowlee, W. W., Swamps of Stone, E. A., Function of Caeca

Oswego Co., N. Y ... 690, 792 of Starfish ....................... I035 Russell, F., Ratzell's History Stone, Witmer, N a m e s of of Mankind ................... i062 Horned Owls ............. ...... 236

Stone Age. ........................ I S21ESIANS, Life-History ........ 8i Stroud, B. B., Formal .........9 2, 465

- Sagitta, Oviposition .......... I55 Sub-notochordal Rod ............ 985 Sagitta, Synopsis of ............... I56 Swamps of Oswego Co., N. Y... St. Louis Academy of Sciences, 690, 792

I83, 362, 562, 656 Swastika Cross ...................... 255 San Jose Scale . ....................... 547 Swine Bladder, Gases of . 440 Scalpellum........................ ... 723 Syria, Caves in .258 Scapulae of Northwest C o a s t

Indians ........................ 736 TAIL of Man ..349 Science in Newspapers ............ 210 1 Tariff on Animals. 2I2 Scientific Bureau in Washing- Tarsius, Affinities of . 569, 68o

ton. 21I Tawney, G. A., Perception of Scientific Fads ................. 59 sog Two Points .820 Scolopendra viviparous ........... 986 Taxation of Education .308 Sea Monster from Florida ....... 304 Teeth of Mammals .993 Section Knife. Angle of .......... 464 Telegraphy, Psychology of . 252 Selection, Organic .................. 944 Terceira Dog .79 Seminole Indians, Pile Struct- Tertiary of Vancouver ............ 712

ures of ....---.. -111 357 Thelycum of Peneus ............... 235 Serpula Eggs, Spinning in ...... 8i8 Thrips, Sense Organ in . 545 Seychelle Islands, Rocks of ..... 607 Timber Tests .906 Shear, C. L., Prillieux's Dis- Tobacco Disease ............ 231

eases of Plants . ......... I42 Tomahawks .824 Another Australian Curios- Torrey Botanical Club, I86, 260, ity ................ I54 364, 470, 650, 748

Shists, Crystalline, of Spessart, I49 Trap, Enclosures of Mud in..... 520 Shists of Malvern Hills . ......... 54 Trelease, W., Terceira Dog. 79 Shufeldt, R. W., Fossil Birds Trees, Names of North Ameri-

from Tennessee ............... 645 can .-- ......-434 Silicate containing lead ........... I046 Two Animals from one Egg.... 452 Sipunculus, - Urnes " in ......... 54I Tyrol, Rocks of . ..................... 425 Skunk, Parasite of ................. 234 Sleeping of Hymenoptera ........So INTACRINUS ................... 227 Smith, E. F., Bacterial Dis- U

eases of Plants ............ 34, I23 Lehnian an d Neuman's V ARIATIONS in S k u 11 o f Bakterologie .. 3I2 Chelone .................... 446



xvi The American Naturalist. [Vol. XXXI,

Verrill, A. E, Productive Col- Weed, C. M. Golden-Eye or oration . .................... 99 Lace-Wing Fly ........... 500 Florida Sea Monster. 304 Smith's Economic Entomo-

Vertebrae, Homologies of . 976 logy. 82 Vertebral Column .397 Welch, W. H. Biology and Vertebraria ...... ..................... 53I Medicine ......... ... 755 Vertebrates, Ancestry of . 927 Wellsite . I046 Vision of Insects .Si Whipple, G. C. Biological Stu- Vision, Reinversion of Retinal dies in Massachusetts, 503,

Images .... . . . 86 576 ........... ioi 6 Visual Perceptions .644 White, D. Nathorst's Paleozoic Vitality of Insects . ........... 452 Flora. 43 Viterbo Region, Petrography White-Footed Mouse, New 74

of .................... I48 Whiting, C. A. Remarkable Viviparous Ephernerid .... ......i i65 Vitality .................... . 452 Volcanic ash from Lake Su- Wieland, G. R. Variation in

perior .. . 328 Skull of Chelone ............. 446 Rocks of Bohemia ............. 6o6 Wild Animals, Protection of. 41, 97 Rocks of Bolsena .............. 54 Wilson, W. On Science . i40 Rocks of Maine ................ 220 Wind River Beds. 966 Rocks of Pennsylvania ....... 605 Woods Holl Laboratory. 9I7

Vole, New ....... 239 -Woodworth, W. M. Filaroides Voles of North America .......... 629 in Skunks .234

ARREN, H. C. Reinver- XYLINA, Life History . 350 sion of Retinal Image.... 86

Physical Basis of Pain ....... 1057 j YUCATAN, Exploratons ofr 258 Baldwin's 'Interpretations Yellowstone Park, History in Mental Development..... io6o of .224

Warwell, H. C. Eels Feeding ZEOLITE, New. I046 on Limulus Eggs .............. 347 Zinc of Iowa .224

Water Supply, Study of .......... 503 Zinkenite .iO48 Waugh, F. A. Heredity and Zirkelite ............... 6oI, 1045

Variability ............ 628 Zoisite ... 602 Weathering of Rocks .............. 523 Zones of Plants on Great Plains. 968 Webster, C. L. Pocket Gopher. I 14 Zoological Society of London... 559



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