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American Academy of Political and Social Science

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ANNALS OF THB

AMERICAN ACADEMY

OF

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.

ISSUED BI-MONTHLY.

VOL. IV.

JULY, 1893-JUNE, I894.

Editor:

EDMUND J. JAMES.

Associate Editors:

ROLAND P. FALKNER, JAMES HARVEY ROBINSON.

PHILADELPHIA:

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.

i894.

Reprinted with the permission of the original publishers

KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION New York

1968



Copyright, 1893-94, by the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

Printed in U.S.A.



CONTENTS.

PRINCIPAL PAPERS. PAGI.

BLOCK, MAURICE. The Progress of Economic Ideas in France... I

BRADFORD, GAMALIEL. Congress and the Cabinet, II ........ 404

BRADFORD, GAMALIEL. The Reform of our State Governments . . 883 BUCKSTAFF, FLORFNCE G. Married Women's Property in Anglo-Saxon

and Anglo-Norman Law .................. 233 CHEYNEY, EDWARD P. The Mediaeval Manor. ......... 275 COLBURN, RICHARD T. Taxation of Large Estates ........ 82

CURTIS, RUSSELL H. Classification of Law ............ 738 DAWSON, MILES M. American Life Insurance Methods ...... 753 GODKIN, EDWIN L. The Problems of Municipal Government . .. 857 HADLEY, ARTHUR T. Interest and Profits ............ 337 HIOBSON, JOHN. The Subjective and the Objective View of Distribution 378 HOLMES, GEORGE K. A Decade of Mortgages.......... 904 HOLMES, GEORGE K. The Peons of the South .......... 265 HOWE, FREDERIC C. Federal Revenues and the Income Tax ... 557

JOHNSON, EMORY R. The Relation of Taxation to Monopolies ... 764 LEWIS, WILLIAM DRAPER. The Adaption of Society to its Environ-

ment ............ ......................... 529 LOTZ, WALTHER. The Monetary Situation in Germany ...... 6r

MACVANE, SILAS M. The Austrian Theory of Value ........ 348 MAVOR, JAMES. The Relation of Economic Study to Public and Private

Charity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 MOLESWORTH, GUILFORD L. Indian Currency .......... 493 MOREY, WILLIAM C. The First State Constitutions ........ 201

PATTEN, SIMON N. The Failure of Biologic Sociology ....... 9I9

(iii)



CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Ross, EDWARD A. The Total Utility Standard of Deferred Payments 425 DE ROUSIERS, PAUL. La Science Sociale ........... . 620

SCHMOLLER, GUSTAV. The Idea of Justice in Political Economy . 697 WARD, LESTER F. The Political Ethics of Herbert Spencer .... 582

WOODFORD, A. B. The Use of Silver as Money in the United States 91

BRIEFER COMMUNICATIONS.

American Economic Association ..... ...... ... .. 442

BRINKERHOFF, R. The National Prison Association . ....... 454

CLARK, JOHN B. An Unfinished Study by Dr. Merriam ...... 969 COMMONS, JOHN R. Bullion Notes and an Elastic Currency ..... 299

COOLEY, STOUGHTON. The Proportional Representation Congress. . 448

FOSTER, FLORENCE J. The Grange and the Co-operative Enterprises in New England ..................... 798

HARDING, W. F. A Successful School Savings Bank . ...... 297 International Statistical Institute ................. 443 MERRIAM, LUCIUS S. Money as a Measure of Value ........ 966

OBERHOLTZER, SARA L. School Savings Banks .......... 972 ROWE, LEO S. Annual Congress of the Society of Social Economy at

Paris ... ...... ..... ............ 302 ROWE, LEO S. The Betterment Clause of the London Improvement Bill 453

SEAGER, H. R. The Pennsylvania Tax Conference ........ 805 WALKER, C. S. The Farmers' Movement . . ..... . 790

WILLOUGHBY, W. W. A National Department of Health ..... 292

MINUTES OF THE PROCEEDINGS ............... 150,948

MISCELLANY.

The National Conference for Good City Government ........ 850

iv



CONTENTS.

PERSONAL NOTES.

Adler, G., 657. Bassett, J. S., 462. Bauer, S., 8Io. Bergbohm, C., 813. Bernatzik, E., 651. Biermer, M., 813. Buijs, J. T., 656. Caldwell, Wm., 457. Calvert, G. C., 459. Ciccone, A., 311. Clark, J. B., 165. Coffin, V. E., 309. Considerant, V., 8II. Cross, F. M., 650. Currier, C. F. A., 309. Curtis, Geo. T., 975. Dowd, J., 309. Eisenhart, H., 653. Errera, A., 977. Flux, A. W., 464. Fuchs, C. J., 465. Furber, H. J., Jr., 647. reen D. ].,307. Hasbach, W., 653. Heimburger, 652. Hill, Wm., 458. Hodder, F. H., 308. Hourwich, I. A., 648. Hraber, W., 814. James, J. A., 647. Johnson, E. R., 306, 462. Jones, C. C., Jr., 306. Karychew, N., 814. Kinley, D., 307. Kriehn, G., 460. Lewis, W. D., 462. Losch, H., 655. MacDonald, W., 457. Malon, B., 464.

Mavor, Jas., 310. Merriam, L. S., 458, 647. Miller, A. C., 648. Mischler, E., 8II. Neurath, W., 975 Pareto, V., 660. Parkinson, J. B., 463. Parkinson, J. M., 105. Plehn, C. C., 457. Powers, H. H., i65. Rathgen, K., 654. Rehm, H., 652. Renaudin, E., 976. Rieker, K. E., 654. Ripley, W. Z., 461. Schillze-Gavernitz, 311. Schwab, J. C., 650. Schwill, F., 458. Scott, W. A., 310. Sering, M., 65I. Show, A. B., 460. Siebert, W. H., 462. Smith, G. W., 458. Smythe, D. D., 459. Spencer, D. E., 46r. Thatcher, O. J., 648. Towle, G. M., 456. Veblen, T. B., 649. Walras, L., 657. Warner, A. G., 461. Wells, D. C., 459. v. Wenkstern, A., 977. West, G. M., 649. Whipple, E., 463. White, F. H., 308.

Degrees and Fellowships in Political and Social Science in the United States, 312, 466.

V



vi CON'TENTS.

BOOK DEPARTMENT OF THE ANNALS.

EDITED BY EMORY R. JOHNSON,

WITH THE CO-OPERATION OF:

C. M. Andrews, Bryn Mawr College; Edward W. Bemis, University of Chicago; Frank W. Blackmar, University of Aansas; E. Boehm-Bawerk, University of Vienna, Austria; Robert C. Chapin, Beloit College; J. B. Clark, Amherst College; Chas. F. A. Currier, Massac/husetts Institute of Technology; Winthrop M. Daniels, Princeton University; W. H. Dawson, Skipton, Eng- land; Karl Diehil University of Halle, Germany; O. L. Elliott, Leland Stan- ford Jr. University; Geo. H. Emmott, Johns Hopkins University; Willard C. Fisher, lesleyan University; Wm. W. Folwell, University of Minnesota; Geo. P. Garrison, University of Texas; E. R. L. Gould, Johns Hopkins University; John H. Gray, Northwestern University; D. I. Green, Johns Hopkins University; Ludwig Gumplowicz, University of Graz, Austria; C. H. Haskins, University of Wisconsin, Geo. H. Hayrne, Worcester Poly- technic Institute; Fred C. Hiccks University of Missouri; John. A. Hobson,. London, England; Geo. E. Howard, Leland Stanford Jr. University; J. A.

James, Cornell College, Iowa; J. W. Jenks, Cornell University; David I. Kinley, University of Illinois, Edgar Loening, University of Halle, Germany; Achille Loria, University of Padua, Italy; A. Lawrence Lowell, Boston, Massachusetts; W. H. Mlace, Syracuse University; Jesse Macy, Iowa College; Samuel M. Lindsay, Paris, Fance; Frederick W. Moore, Vanderbilt University; Carl C. Plehn, University of California; H. H. Powers, Smith College; David G. Ritchle, Jesus College, Oxford, England; E. A. Ross, Leland Stanford Jr. University; Henri St. Marc, University of Bordeaux, France; Wm. A. Scott, University of Wisconsin; Lester F. Ward, Iashing- ton, D. C.; Stephen B. Weeks, Baltimore, Md.

REVIEWS.

PAGE.

ADAMS, C. F. Massachusetts, its Historians and its History.- Geo. H. Haynes, ..................... 86

Addresses Delivered before the World's Railway Commerce Con- gress in Chicago.-E. R.Johnson, ............ 996

ASHLEY, W. J. An Introduction to English Economic History and Theory, Part II.-E. P. Cheyney ......... .. 66I

BATES, WM. W. The American Marine.-J. F. Johnson, . .. 468 BAX, E. BELFORT. See MORRIS. BEER, GEO. L. The Commercial Policy of England toward the

American Colonies.-O. L. Elliott .. ........ . 663 BLONDEL, GEORGES. :tude sur la Politique de l'Enpereur

Frederic II. en Allemagne -C. F. A. Currier, ...... 316 BOlES, H. M. Prisoners and Paupers.-H. H. Powers, ... . 87



CONTENTS.

PAGE.

BUCHER, KARL. Die Entstehung der Volkswirthschaft.- W. H. Dawson, ............... ........ 979

CANAAN, EDWIN. A History of the Theories of Production and Distribution in English Political Economy frot 1776 to 1848.-S. N. Patten . ...... .... ....... . 317

CLEMENT, W. H. P. The Law of the Canadian Constitution.- C. F. A. Currier, ................... 321

COILIN, CHAS. A., and FIERO, J. NEWTON. Report of Counsel to Revise the Tax Laws of the State of New York.-//. R. Seager, ..... ........ . 675

COMMONS, JOHN R. The Distribution of Wealth.-Lester F. W ard, . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . 8I8

COSSA, LUIGI, (Trans. L. Dyer). Introduction to the Study of Political Economy.-J. W. Jenks . . ........... 981

CUNNINGHAM, WM. The Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times.-E. P. Cheyney, . ..... 470

DUNSCOMB, S. WHITNEY. Bankruptcy, a Study in Comparative Legislation.-John Lowell, ..... ..... . 822

Early Records of the Town of Providence.-C. M. Andrews, . 825 ELmOTT, 0. L. The Tariff Controversy in the United States,

I789-1833.-D. Kinley, ................. 181 ELY, R. T. Outlines of Economics.-S. N. Paten, ..... 484 FELIX, LUDWIG. Kritik des Socialismus.--W. A. Scott, . . 827 FIERO, J. NEWTON. See COLLIN. FISHER, IRVING. Mathematical Investigations in the Theory

of Value and Prices.-D. Kinley, ............ 664 FLACH, JACQUEs. Les Origines de l'ancienne France, Vol. II.,

Xe et XIe sikcles.-D. C. Munro, ............ 322

FREEMAN, E. A., (Editor J. B. Bury). History of Federal Gov- ernment in Greece and Italy.-C. F. A. Currier, ..... 473

FUNX, ISAAC H., (Editor). A Standard Dictionary of the

English Language.-E. R. Johnson ............ 982 GAMBRALL, T. C. Studies in the Civil, Social and Ecclesiastical

History of Early Maryland.-R. C. Chapin, ....... 324 GEORGIADES, D. La Gr&e &conomique et financiere en I893.

-W . M. Daniels, ................... 829 GILMAN, N. P. Socialism and the American Spirit.-H. H.

Powers . ... .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 187 GROSS, CHARLES. The Gild Merchant.-G. v. Below, .... 332 HART, A. B. Formation of the Union.-E. R. Johnson, . . . 325 HENDERSON, C. R. An Introduction to the Study of the Depend-

ent, Defective and Delinquent Classes.-H. H. Powers, 666

vii



CONTENTS.

PAGE.

HERTZKA, TH. Das Internationale Wihrungs-problem und dessen Lisung.- W. M. Daniels, ............ 179

HINSDALE, B. A., (Editor, W. T. Harris). How to Study and Teach History.-W. H. Mace, ............. 985

HOBHOUSE, L. T. The Labor Movement.-W. A. Scott,. . . 827 JANNET, CLAUDIO. Le Capital, la speculation et la finance au

XIXe siecle.-C. H.ull, ............... 167 KINLEY, D. The History, Organization and Influence of the

Independent Treasury of the United States.-E. R. Johnson, 668 KOBNER, 0. Die methode einer wissenschaftlichen Riickfals-

statistik, als Grundlage einer Reform der Kriminalstatistik, -R. P. Falkner, .. .................. 671

K6RNER, A. Staatsschuldentilgung und Staatsbankerott.- W. M. Daniels, . ................... 829

LAVISSE, E., et RAMBAUD, A. Histoire gn6erale du IVe Sicle a nos Jours, Tomes I. et II.-D. C. Munro, ....... 987

LEBRECHT, V. II malthusismo e i problemi sociale.-A. Loria, 99o LINDSAY, S. M. Die Preisbewegung der Edelmetalle seit I850.

-R. P. Falkner, .................... 830 LORING, C. W. Nullification, Secession, Webster's Argument

and the Kentucky Resolutions.-L. P. Powell, ...... 328 MAYET, P., (Trans. A. Lloyd). Agricultural Insurance in

Organic Connection with Savings Banks, Land Credit and the Commutation of Debts.- W. H. Dawson, ...... 833

MCCAIN, C. C., (Editor). Compendium of Transportation Theories.-E. R. Johnson ........ ...... 995

MORRIS, WM., and BAX, E. BELFORT. Socialism, its Growth and Outcome.-H. H. Powers, ............. 834

MORSE, JOHN T., JR. Abraham Lincoln.-J. A. James, . .. 992 OBERHOLTZER, ELLIS P. The Referendum in America.-G.

Bradford, ...................... 673 PAIM, ANDREW J. The Death Penalty.--R. H. Powers,.. . I87 v. PHILIPPOVICH, E. Grundriss der politischen Oekonomie.-

H. R. Seager, ..................... 168 PORTER, NOAH, (Editor). Webster's International Dictionary

of the English Language.-E. R. Johnson ........ 982 Proceedings of the National Conference of Charities and Cor-

rections.-H. H. Powers, .............. . 187 QUERINI, Q. La Beneficenza Romana dagli antichi tempi fino

ad oggi.-S. M. Lindsay, ........ ....... 474 RABBENO, UGO. Protezionismo Americano.-L. S. Rowe,.. 476 RAMBAUD, A. See LAVISSE.

*..

V111



CONTENTS. ix

PAGE.

RATZEL, F. Politische Geographie der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika.-E. C. Sempe, ............... 835

Report of Joint Committee of the Senate and Assembly Relative to Taxation for State and Local Purposes.-H. R. Seager, 675

RIPLEY, W. Z. The Financial History of Virginia, I609-I776. -C C. Plehn, ... .. . .. ... . . .. ... .. . 837

RITCHIE, D. G. Darwin, Hegel and other Philosophical Studies.--F. I. Herriott, ................ 838

ROGERS, J. E. THOROLD. The Industrial and Commercial His- tory of England. S. Sherwood, ....... .... . 330

SCHOULER, JAMES. Thomas Jefferson.-L. P. Powell, . . . . 676 SLOANE, WM. M. The French War and the Revolution.-L. P.

Pozvell, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 SMITH, GOLDWIN. The United States, An Outline of Political

History, I492-I87I.-L. P. Powell, . .......... 676 SNOW, FREEMAN. Cases and Opinions on International Law.

C. F. A. Currier, .................. 68o SPENCER, HERBERT. The Principles of Ethics.-F. I. Herriolt, 480 SPRAGUE, F. M. Socialism from Genesis to Revelation.-

H. H. Powers .................... . 187 STEVENS, C. ELLIS. Sources of the Constitution of the United

States.-J. H. Robinson ............... . 999 SuEss, EDUARD, (Trans. R. Stein). The Future of Silver.-

R. P. Falkner, ..................... 994 TAUSSIG, F. W. Silver Situation in the United States.- W./ M.

Daniels, ....................... . 79 TAUSSIG, F. W. (Editor.) State Papers and Speeches on the

Tariff.-D. Kinley ...... ............. 181 THAYER, WM. R. The Dawn of Italian Independence.-J. H.

Robinson, . ...................... 183 THWAITES, R. G. The Colonies.-E. R. Johnson ...... 325 TUPPER, C. L. Our Indian Protectorate.- Wm. D. Lewis, . . 482 VAN OSS, S. F. American Railroads as Investments.-E. R.

Johnson, ....................... 995 VILLARI, P. I Primi Due Secoli della Storia di Firenze.-L.

S. Rowe ....... ......... .... ... 840 VOLTA, Z. Dell' Abbreviature nella Paleografia Latina.-D. C.

M unro, ............... .. ....... 185 WALKER, T. A. The Science of International Law.--W. Z.

Ripley, .... .......... 680 WESTERKAMP, J. B. Staatenbund und Bundesstaat.-J. H.

Robinso?, . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . . . 84I



CONTENTS.

PAGE.

WILSON, WOODROW. An Old Master, and other Political Essays.-E. R. Johnson, ................ 682

WILSON, WOODROW. Division and Reunion.-E. R. Johnson, 325 WOLFF, HENRY W. People's Banks.-J. Q. Adams ..... 684 ZIEGLER, H. E. Die Naturwissenschaft und die Socialdemo-

kratische Theorie.-L. Gumplowicz, .......... 998

NOTES.

Abnormal Man.-A. MacDonald, ............. 690 Amendment to the Swiss Constitution, ..... ...... 492 American Commonwealth.-Jas. Bryce ............ 687 American Economic Association, Annual Meeting, ...... I98 American Historical Association, Annual Meeting, . ..... I94 American Institute of Christian Sociology, .......... 491 American Peace Society Prizes, ............... 846 American Philosophical Society Prize, . ........... 336 American Social Science Association, Annual Meeting, .... 197 American Society for the Extension of University Teaching,

Summer Meeting, . . . . .............. I93 America's Place in the Ocean Carrying Trade, ........ 694 Apperception.-K Lange, ................. 488 Bibliography of Municipal Government in the United States.

-F. . Hodder, ........ ...... 490 Chautauqua Courses in Political Economy and Social Science, . I93 Congress of Economics and Politics, ......... . . 846 Development of the Nominating Convention in Rhode Island.

-N. Andrews ..................... Ioo3 Diminution du R&venu, La.-P. Bureau .......... 848 Domestic Econonly.-F. T. Paul .............. .. .. oo2 Economic Courses at the University Extension Summer Meeting 846 Elastic Currency, An.-Horace While, ........... 693 Elements of Jurisprudence.-T. E. Holland, ........ 690 Engineering Magazine ................... . 91

ftablissement et Revision des Constitutions en Amerique et en Europe.-C. Borgeaud, ................. 487

Gothenburg System of Liquor Traffic.-E. R. L. Gould, . 688 History of Education in Delaware.- L. P. Powell, ..... oo004

History of Slavery in Connecticut.-B. C. Steiner, ...... oo004

History of the English Landed Interest.-R. M. Garnier, . 488 Independent, .................. ..... 192 rnterstate Commerce Law, .............. ... 192

x



CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Journal of the Federal Convention.-James Madison, ... 691 Jurisprudenz und Rechtsphilosophie.-K. Bergbokm, ... I9I Legal Code of Alfred the Great.-M. H. Turk, ... 692 Lois Sociologiques, Les.-G. de Greef, .. . .... 1002 Mark in Europe and America, The.-E. A. Bryan, 687 Michigan Political Science Association ......... . 99 National Platforms.-T. H. McKee ............. 691 Negro in the District of Columbia, The.-Edw. Ingle, ... 488 Old English Manor, The.-C. AM. Andrews ......... 9I Outlines of Pedagogics.- W. Rein, .. .......... 487 Political and Social Science Congress, ............ 97 Practical Essays on American Government.-A. B. Hart, . . 689 Presidential Inaugurations.-T. H. McKee , ........ 691 Proportional Representation Congress, .... ........ 96 Proposals of Leon Walras, ........... . ... 336 Quarterly Journal of Economics, . . .. . ..... .693 Recent French Publications, . . ............... oo5 School of Applied Ethics, .................. 98 Schweizerische Blatter fiir Wirtschafts und Socialpolitik, . . 490 Significance of the Frontier in American History.-F.J. Turner, 846 Social Contract, The.-J. J. Rousseau, ........... 691 Special Assessments.- V. Rosewater, ............ 695 Study in Municipal Government, A.-Jas. Pollard ...... 489 Theory of Wages.-H. M. Thompson, ......... . . 692 Vagrancy and Public Charities in Foreign Countries, ..... 69 Women Wage Earners.-H. M. Campbell, ........ . 688

xi



xii CONTENTS.

SUPPLEMENTS.

INLAND WATERWAYS: THEIR RELATION TO TRANSPORTATION. By EMORY R. JOHNSON.

Supplement, September, 1893.

HISTORY OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. By Professor GUSTAV COHN, Trans- lated by JOSEPH ADNA HILL.

Supplement, March, 1894.



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