7th HUON SEMINAR ACHIEVING VISION 2050 THROUGH HIGHER EDUCATION, RESEARCH, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

November 13th to 14th 2013, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea

189

HS7-2013-098

Volume table for pinus caribaea in Bulolo Wau forest plantations of Papua

New Guinea

Mondo Karmar*, Peter Damba, Arinaso Pilisi, Elizabeth Malabuo, Alois Jenkiau

Papua New Forest Authority, Forest Research Institute, and Forest Development Directorate

Email: *mkarmar@pngfa.gov.pg

ABSTRACT The Papua New Guinea Forest Authority (PNGFA) has an extensive program of forest plantation

establishments using both exotic and indigenous timber tree species. However, for the division to effectively manage these plantations, a number of management tools are crucial. Volume table is surely one of these very important tools for estimating forest yield and enhancing implementation of forest management approaches. A tree plantation without volume and yield tables, the valuation of the tree plantation could be over or under estimated and so the true value is denied (Karmar, 2002). Furthermore, the ethics of forest management plans will certainly be complicated and so could not be appropriately done.The volume equation for Pinus caribeae was developed using 300 stems data collected in Bulolo Wau forest plantations, Papua New Giunea (PNG). The formula used was the logarithmic volume equation introduced by Schumacher and Hall (Thomas et al, 1958). This formula is popular in PNG, Japan as well as other parts of the globe (Karmar, 2006). The formula is detailed symbolically as; V = a1 + b1 logD + c1 log H, where V denotes total volume, D denotes diameter at breast height, H denotes the total height, a1 is regression constant and b1 and c1 are regression coefficients. The attained volume equation for Pinus carribeae is, V = 10-4.49241 X DBH 1.78711 X H 1.19868. with the Adjusted Regression squared (Adjusted R2) of 0.957. The Adjusted R2 of 0.957 means that the volume estimation of Pinus Carribeae using the derived volume equation will be 95.7% closer to the exact volume. This Adjusted R2 value is comfortably above acceptable point for implementation. Hence this volume equation can now be used for estimating the volume for standing Pinus Carribeae in Bulolo Wau Forest plantations.

Key words; volume equation, Logarithmic formula, volume regression, regression constants,

regression coefficient.

INTRODUCTION The natural forest trees in Papua New Guinea (PNG) are depleting at a faster rate than the recovery

speed, as the endemic of logging operations have reached nearly 90 percent of the country’s natural forest. This natural forest resource is crucially a significant resource as it is levelled third highest foreign earning resource (Kanawi Pouru, 2009). The PNG Forest Authority (PNGFA) the organization responsible for this important natural resource is doing all it can to manage this vital resource on a sustainable basis and promotes down stream processing to maximize benefits. Development of forest plantation is certainly a big step forward to release the pressure on the natural forest. The tree species in the forest plantation are either native or exotic. For the PNGFA to effectively manage these plantations, a number of management tools are crucial. Volume table is surely one of these very important tools for estimating forest yield and improve implementation of forest management approaches. A tree plantation without volume and yield tables, valuation of the tree plantation could be over or under estimated and so

the true vbe compldeveloped

The nHonduras

Figur

Figur Addit

America,

value is deniedicated and sod using 300 st

natural distribus, and Nicarag

re;1. A juveni

re; 2. PNG m

tional informathe Bahama I

d (Karmar, 20o could not btems data coll

ution of Pinugua (David Lo

ile Pinus cari

map indicating

ation were preIslands and C

002). In additbe appropriatelected in Bulo

Th

of PNgrass diamethe mLoren

Th

equatithen, volumBulolostems

us caribaea inorence,2010)

ibaea, 2 year

study site, B

ecisely detaiCuba retained

190

tion, the ethicely done. Tholo forest plan

he Pinus cariNG for comm

and degradedeter at breast maximum heince,2010).

he prime objion for the Cbe used for

me table will o Wau forest of Pinus car

nternationally.

rs old, Bulolo

ulolo Wau (K

led by Ambthe name Pin

cs of forest mhe volume eqntations, PNG

ibaea is exotimercial purpod land. The trheight (DBH

ight ranges f

ective of thisCaribbean pitabulation ofassist the fo

t plantation tribaea.

y covers, M

o forest planta

Karmar, 2006)

brose et. al (nus caribaea.

management puation for Pi

G.

ic and is planose as well aree species reH) 60 to 100 from 30 to

s research is tne. The voluf the tree speorest manageto estimate v

Mexico, Bel

ation

(II) StTh

latitudlongitThe from m.a.s.rainfaml.

Akilomof LaMorob

)

(1992).The s Subsequentl

plans will cerinus caribaea

nted in certainas rehabilitatieaches a maxi

centimetres 40 meters (D

to develop voume equationecies volumeers and officeolume of sta

lice, Guate

tudy site he study de 7◦ 13’ soutude 146◦ 45

altitude r1158 to

l and aall is 1615 to

A distance ofmetres south

e, head quarbe Province, P

species in Cly, Pinus cari

rtainly a was

n parts ion of imum while David

olume n will e. The ers in

anding

emala,

site, uth to 5’east. ranges

1300 annual

1700

f 130 h-west rter of PNG

entral ibaea.

191

was separated into three varieties: caribaea, bahamensis, and hondurensis. The hondurensis variety has been the most widely introduced in plantations in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world; it grows vigorously in the various climates of the tropics and covers more than 80% of the world's plantations listed under Pinus caribaea. The tree species was introduced into PNG, and most initial plantings were done in the Highlands, particularly in Eastern Highland and Enga Provinces. In the coastal area the species is concentrated in Bulolo Wau area where the research was executed. The caribaean pine in Wau Bulolo was planted since 1962 and 1973 respectively for rehabilitation of degraded and grass land. However, since 2003 the company PNG Forest Products (PNGFP) is harvesting Pinus caribaea as well as other plantation tree species in the plantation for commercial purpose.

METHOD AND MATERIALS

1. Field data collection Field measurements data for 300 stems were gathered by PNGFRI and Bulolo Wau Pine Project. The

basic data was from Bulolo Wau forest plantations as shown in Figure.2. The sampling was systematically covering every geographical condition of the plantations. The diameters at breast height (DBH) were taken while the stems were still standing.

The butt logs were one meter and the successive sectional measurements commenced from there with

diameter tapes until the last diameters were ten centimetres or less. The length of the top end of every stem was

recorded. The volumes of the standard sections were calculated by applying Smalians formula and for butt logs were calculated by computing cross - sectional area.

Standard section volume formula, V =

80000

22

dD

(1) Where, D stands for big diameter at meter, d

denotes small diameter.

Figure; 3. Field sectional measurement of felled Pinus caribaea. The volumes for the top ends were moreover computed by cross-sectional area but multiplied by

length and divided by three. The Caribbean pine is an excurrent tree species and tops of most ex-current species are paraboloid frustums (Hush et. al, 2003).

The heights were measured using measuring elastic tapes while stems were on the ground. Accurate field data collection is absolutely important to avoid as much as possible errors in the final result. Not only this but also minimization of resources like, time, effort, and money.

Accurate data is always a consequence of close supervision, full concentration, using well function

tools and equipments. This data collection was executed in compartment Inakanda 11, a 25 years old stand.

Table

2. Sta a) D b) T

caS

c) TTfo

e 1. Frequenc

atistical comp

Data check by

The standard alculated fTATISTICA

The formula aThis formula iormula is deta

y distribution

putation

both descript

error of estfor the e

(version six)

applied was this popular in ailed symboli

n of DBH and

tive statistics

timate and thquation de a statistical c

he logarithmiPNG, Japan cally as;

192

d height classe

and distribut

he standard erived fromcomputer soft

ic volume equas well as ot

es

ion of variabl

errors of them the leat-wear.

uation introduther parts of

le (Table 1).

e regression ast-squares

uced by Schuthe globe (K

coefficients solutions

umacher and Karmar, 2006)

were using

Hall3. ). The

lo (2

where

regressiondetermine

The frthe data is

RESULT

The d V = 1

(

The v

not only

og V = a1 + b1

2)

e V denotes ton constant aned by least-sqfrequency dists of quality an

TS AND DISC

derived param

10-4.49241 X DB3)

volume tablesby the adjust

1 logD + c1 lo

otal volume, nd b1 and c1 uares solutiontribution of Dnd spread mo

CUSSIONS

meters (Figure

BH 1.78711 X H

formula haoff to whol

s constructed ted R2 values

og H

D denotes diare regressio

n. DBH and Heigderately acro

. 4) were fitte

Ht 1.19868

as nearly excele number.

from the equs given by th

193

iameter at breon coefficient

ght classes wss the engage

ed into the ma

ellent linear r

uation derivedhe derived fo

east height, Hts. Utilizing t

were done usined various var

arked volume

reliability, sho

d could be usormula but al

H denotes thethe basic data

ng pivot tableriable groups

e formula as o

wRegr(Adju

Tsquarthe evolum(OmaThat to uwill volumweremeas

F

PinuAdjuThis estimvolum96% volumThe coeffusing

ould the R2 v

sed with conflso based on

e total height,a a1, b1 and

e. This is to e

outlined below

with the Adjression squsted R2) of The regrere was done t

effectiveness ome equasa et al, 1is, it has indi

us how closbe to the

me if the e felled sured.

For instanceus caribaeausted R2 of 0

means thamation usingme table wiclose to the

me with 4 % corre

ficients deg Logarivalues are rou

fidence becauestimated vo

, a1 is c, are

ensure

w,

justed quared 0.957 ession to test of the uation 1998). icated e we exact trees and

, the has

0.957. at the g the ill be exact error. lation erived ithmic unded

use of olume

differencelocations

Figur

e by existing become avail

re; 5. The re

volume equlable, the volu

elationship be

ations for othume equation

etween the me

194

her species en will be revis

easure and es

evidenced in sed to cover th

stimate volum

evis

fowtwsocP

HWbthth

Figure .6. Ahe various dat

Thparam(Figurinto thequatiequatiUsingvolumestimacompufigure

Thbetweestimaderivewhichthe acpercenmeansdifferemeasuvolum

me (m3)

The difexisting volumvolume equatis 2.1 percent.

Hence, the

for P. caribwelcomed for wenty plus pecies growin

of them have constructed. TP. caribaea.

However, apWau, this volbe used to eshe tree speciehe country.

As data from ta collection s

he sigma restmeters dere 4) were he marked voion as displayion (3) a

g the deveme equationate volume uted used

e (5).

he correeen measureate voed R2 of 98 peh is clearly acceptable limnt. The R2 of s that ence betweenure and est

me is 2 percen

fference betme equationsion for P. car

e volume equbaea is cer

utilization. Oplantation

ng in PNG ontheir volume

The eleventh o

part from Blume table castimate volumes in other pa

other sites.

tricted erived fitted

olume yed in above. eloped n the

were for

elation and olume ercent above

mit 90 f 98 %

the n the timate nt.

tween s and ribaea

uation rtainly Out of

tree nly 10 e table one is

Bulolo an not me of arts of

Figur Table The u

the table tthe estimavolume eqwith DBH

(V) C T

(4) T

in

re; 6. Compa

e 2. Part of th

user of the voto estimate thate volume. Iquation (B) abH and Ht figu

Conclusions a

The volume eq

V = 1

This volume en Bulolo Wau

arison with fiv

e actual volum

lume table cahe volume. Thf the volumebove. Use Ex

ures collected

and Recomm

quation for Pi

0-4.49241 X With the A

equation can bu Forest Plant

ve existing vo

me table for P

an measure thhe Y-axis is D table is not a

xcel enter the in the field w

mendations

inus caribaea

DBH ^1.787

Adjusted R squ

be used to genations.

195

olume equatio

Pinus caribae

he DBH and hDBH and the available, thederived equatwhich genera

a has been de

11 X Ht ^1.1

uared of 0.957

nerate estima

ons in PNG.

ea in Bulolo W

height of the PX-axis is hei

en the volumetion and repla

ate the estimat

eveloped and

9868

7

ate total volum

Wau forest pl

P. caribaea iight, where the can be estimace DBH andte volume.

is expressed

me of standing

lantation.

in the field anhe two axis mmated by usind Ht in the equ

as,

g Pinus carib

nd use meet is ng the uation

baea

196

Volume table for Pinus caribaea in PNG can be developed separately due to growth performance in various geographical site conditions.

The procedures used to develop this volume equation can be used to construct volume tables for

other plantation tree species in PNG.

REFERENCE [1] Ambrose O. Anoruo; Graeme P. Berlyn

Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 1540-756X, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1992, Pages 1 – 23 [2] David Lorence, (2010, website) Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, 1pp [3] Hush, B. Beers, T. W and Kershaw, J. A. (2003) Forest mensuration ,119 –150pp [4] Karmar J, M. and Ishibashi,(2002),Volume Tables for Selected Plantation Tree Species of Papua

New Guinea, 2pp [5] Karmar, M. J. (2006) Volume table for Araucaria hunsteinii and Yield table for Araucaria cunninghamii in Bulolo Wau Forest plantations in Papua New Guinea (Masters thesis) 4pp

[6] Kanawi Pouru (2009) Corporate Plan 2007 – 2012 Papua New Guinea Forest Authority, 1-3pp [7] Omasa, Y. and Yelu, W. (1998) Volume tables for selected plantation tree species of Papua New

Guinea, 2-6pp [8] Thomas, B. W. and Ginrich, S. F (1958) Construction of cubic-foot volume tables for Red

Oak in Pennsylvania – Journal of forestry, 210–214pp

Acknowledgments

We would like to greatly acknowledge the biographer of the above publications as we gathered some very important phrases and parts for this paper from them

.