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GROUP 2
MEMBERS:Nguyn Th Phng Uyn
L Th Anh Th
o Th Thy TinL Th M TrinhPhan Th Nguyn Trm
L Anh VnTrng Bch Trm
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Definition
VowelA speech sound produced with relatively littleobstruction of airstream in the vocal tract
Consonant
A speech sound produced with a complete or
partial obstruction of the air stream in vocal
tract
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I. ARTICULATION
deal with the physiologicalmechanism of speech production.
how speech sounds are produced.
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IDENTIFICATION OFVOWELS
1. Tongue part 5. Tenseness
2. Tongue height3. Shape of lips
4.Length
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VOWEL ARTICULATION
Height of articulation:(Tongue height)
- High: top of the mouth
- Mid: middle of the mouth- Low: bottom of the mouth
beat /bi:t/ - bat /b&t/
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Frontness of articulation: (tongue part)
- Front: the tip of the tongue
- Central: the middle of the tongue- Back: the part of the tongue closestto the throat
E.g: fit /fIt/ - foot /fUt/
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Tenseness of articulation
- Tense: with a tensed tongue
- Lax: with a relaxed tongueE.g: wheat /wi:t/ - wet /wet/
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Roundness of article: (shape of lips)
Rounded: with the lips pushed forwardin an O shape
Unrounded: with the lips pulled in andback
E.g: food /fu:d/ and foot /fUt/
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Length ( Duration)
+ long: e.g. [i: ], [u:]
+ short:e.g. [], []
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CONSONANT
ARTICULATION
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Describing the consonant sounds:
The manner of articulationThe place of articulation
The force of articulation
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The manner of articulation
Interaction between the various articulators andthe air stream
The manners of articulation are:
PLOSIVE AFFRICATIVE FRICATIVE
NASAL LATERAL APPROXIMANT
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MANNER OF ARTICULATION
PLOSIVE /p/ and /b/
AFFRICATIVE /t/- //
FRICATIVE /f/- /v/
NASAL /m/- /n/
LATERAL /l/
APPROXIMANT /r/- /w/
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PLACE OF ARTICULATION
Bilabial Using closing movement of both lips, e.g. /p/ -/b/
Labio-dental Using the lower lip and the upper teeth, e.g. /f/-/v/
Dental The tongue tip is used either between the teeth orclose to the upper teeth, e.g. ///
Alveolar The blade of the tongue is used close to thealveolar ridge, e.g. /t/- /s/.
Palato-alveolar The blade ( or tip) of the tongue is used justbehind the alveolar ridge, e.g. //-//
Palatal The front of the tongue is raised close to thepalate, e.g. /j/
Velar The back of the tongue is used against the softpalate, e.g. /k/- //
GlottalThe gap between the vocal cords is used to make
audible friction, e.g. /h/
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FORCE OF ARTICULATION
Fortis or strong: it is related to unvoicedsounds
Lenis or weak: it is related to be voicedsounds.
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TABLE OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS
Bilabial Labio-dental
Dental Alveolar Palato-alveolar
Palatal Velar Glotal
Plosive b d gAffricative Fricative v z Nasal m n Lateral lApproxi
Mant
(w) r j w
Place of Articulation
Front Back
MannerofArticu
lation
f
p
s
k
h
t
Unvoiced phonemes are on shaded background. Voiced phonemes are normal
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A branch of physics, andinvolves the study of the speech
signal ( the sound wavesproduced when a speaker
speaks)
Acoustic features play a muchmore important role inaccurately describing vowels as
vowels are sonorous sound.
Acoustic
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Vowels Consonants
Louder sonorant/a//i/
Softer sonorant/n//l/
Vowels
Louder sonorant/a//i/
Softer sonorant/n//l/
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Vowels Consonants
longer lasting/A:/
/O:/
shorter lasting/t/
/r/
Vowels
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more frequencies less frequencies
ConsonantsVowels ConsonantsVowels
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The scale of the vowels and consonantsis in order, from high to low.
ConsonantsVowels
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Plosive
/p/
/t/
VowelsConsonan
t
No plosive
/i/
/A/