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Voyagers and Voyeurs Visualization and Social Data Analysis Jeffrey Heer Computer Science Dept Stanford University Stanford Computer Forum 15 April 2009
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Page 1: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Voyagers and VoyeursVisualization and Social Data Analysis

Jeffrey HeerComputer Science DeptStanford University

Stanford Computer Forum15 April 2009

Page 2: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Set A Set B Set C Set DX Y X Y X Y X Y

10 8.04 10 9.14 10 7.46 8 6.58

8 6.95 8 8.14 8 6.77 8 5.76

13 7.58 13 8.74 13 12.74 8 7.71

9 8.81 9 8.77 9 7.11 8 8.84

11 8.33 11 9.26 11 7.81 8 8.47

14 9.96 14 8.1 14 8.84 8 7.04

6 7.24 6 6.13 6 6.08 8 5.25

4 4.26 4 3.1 4 5.39 19 12.5

12 10.84 12 9.11 12 8.15 8 5.56

7 4.82 7 7.26 7 6.42 8 7.91

5 5.68 5 4.74 5 5.73 8 6.89

[Anscombe 73]

Summary Statistics Linear RegressionμX = 9.0 σX = 3.317 Y2 = 3 + 0.5 XμY = 7.5 σY = 2.03 R2 = 0.67

Page 3: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Set A

Set C Set D

Set B

X X

Y

Y

Page 4: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Improve the analysis and communication of information using interactive visualization

Page 5: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

1. Visualization Techniques

2. Visualization Tools

3. Social Data Analysis

Page 6: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Visualization TechniquesImprove visual analysis and communication via novel algorithms, encodings, and interactions

DOI Trees  AVI 2004

Multi‐Scale Banking InfoVis 2006

Page 7: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Visualization ToolsSimplify creation and customization by crafting toolkits for interactive visualization 

Prefuse  CHI 2005, InfoVis 2006 Flare  2008

Page 8: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Social Data AnalysisLeverage the insights of multiple analysts with interfaces for collaborative visual analysis 

sense.usCHI 2007

Where have all the dentists gone?

Page 9: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Visualization Techniques

Page 10: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Visualizing Large Hierarchies

………

Indented Layout Reingold‐Tilford Layout

Page 11: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Degree‐of‐Interest Trees [AVI 04]

Space‐constrained, multi‐focal tree layout

Page 12: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Aspect Ratio Optimization5°[InfoVis 06]

Maximize perceptual discriminability of line segment angles

Identify trends using spectral analysis; find ratios for trend lines

Aspect Ratio Optimization5°[InfoVis 06]

Maximize perceptual discriminability of line segment angles

Aspect Ratio = 1.17

Aspect Ratio = 7.87

1960 19901970 1980

1960 19901970 1980

315

355

335

315

355

335

Aspect Ratio Optimization5°[InfoVis 06]

Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)

2| ( ) ( ) |i ji j

θ α θ α−∑∑

Page 13: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Enron E‐Mail Corpus

Page 14: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends
Page 15: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Washington Lobbyist ?

Page 16: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Visualization Tools

Page 17: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Setbacks to Adoption

Visualizations are hard to createLayout algorithms, dynamic graphics

Pre‐built “widgets” are not enoughGood designs tailored to an application domain

Data ManagementLayout & EncodingRenderingAnimationInteraction

Page 18: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

The Prefuse and Flare Toolkits

Integrate data handling, graphics, and interaction

Extensible operator language for visual encodings

Exploration via dynamic queries, search, zooming

Raw Data Data Tables

Visual Structures

Views

Data Visual Form

Data Transformations

Visual Encodings

View Transformations

Task

Page 19: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Usage and Uptake

Open Source projects 95,000+ downloadsUsed by students, researchers, corporations

Design Patterns describing architecture [InfoVis 06]

Page 20: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Panopoly of visualizations

Page 21: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Phan et al, Flow Map Layout, InfoVis 05

Page 22: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Collins, DocuBurst, Featured in the Toronto Star

Page 23: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Perer, SocialAction, InfoVis 06, IUI 07, CHI 08

Page 24: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Collins et al, VisLink, InfoVis 07

Page 25: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Barsky et al, Bioinformatics 07

Page 26: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Social Data Analysis

Page 27: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

A Tale of Two Visualizations

Page 28: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

vizster

[InfoVis 05]

Page 29: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Observations

Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals.

Friends encouraged each other to unearth relationships, probe community boundaries, and challenge reported information.

Social play resulted in informal analysis, often driven by story‐telling of group histories.

Page 30: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

NameVoyagerThe Baby Name Voyager

Page 31: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends
Page 32: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Social Data Analysis

Visual sensemaking can be social as well as cognitive.

How can user interfaces support and encourage collaborative analysis?

Understand impact by building and deploying real systems. 

Page 33: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

sense.usA Web Application for Collaborative Visualization of Demographic Data

Page 34: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

[CHI 07]

Page 35: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Building Off of Others

Page 36: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Data Jokes

Page 37: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Collaborative Sensemaking

Page 38: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

ObservationQuestionHypothesis

LinkingSocializing

TestingTipsTo-doAffirmation 1.5%

2.6%4.1%5.6%

9.0%14.2%

35.5%38.1%

80.6%

Data Integrity

System Design

15.7%

9.0%

100%0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Content Analysis of Comments

Feature prevalence from content analysis (min Cohen’s κ = .74)High co‐occurrence of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses

Page 39: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Voyagers and Voyeurs

Complementary faces of analysis

Voyager – focus on visualized dataActive engagement with the dataSerendipitous comment discovery

Voyeur – focus on comment listingsInvestigate others’ explorationsFind people and topics of interestCatalyze new explorations

Page 40: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends
Page 41: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends
Page 42: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

DecisionSite posters

Spotfire Decision Site Posters

Page 43: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Tableau Server

Page 44: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Many‐Eyes

Page 45: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Conclusion

Page 46: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Visualization TechniquesAlgorithms for optimized data displays

Visual analysis tools for evolving hierarchies, social networks, and e‐mail archives

Page 47: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Visualization ToolsToolkits which simplify visualization creation and support fine‐grained reuse of techniques

Page 48: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Social Data AnalysisSystems and techniques for social data analysis

Interfaces for social navigation and annotation

New tools for finding and visualizing web data

Page 49: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Improve the analysis and communication of information using interactive visualization

Page 50: Voyagers and Voyeurs - Stanford University...A Tale of Two Visualizations vizster [InfoVis 05] Observations Groups spent more time in front of the visualization than individuals. Friends

Voyagers and VoyeursVisualization and Social Data Analysis

Jeffrey HeerComputer ScienceStanford University

[email protected]


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