VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 1 Renovare International, Inc. RENOCELL ® TECHNOLOGY - HEAVY & PRECIOUS METALS...

VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 1 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL® TECHNOLOGY - HEAVY & PRECIOUS METALS APPLICATIONS

Anode

Anode

Porous diffuser core

Plastic Outer Support

Carbon Fiber Plating Element

Cathode Current Feeder

Electrolyte Flow Path

DIN: DRII-6002-1

Post Electrode Connector

2007


RenoCell M500*REDOX - of or relating to reduction-oxidation. Chemical reactions involving metals in aqueous solutions involve a balance of oxidizing and reducing reactions. Reagents are substances that react with metals by exchanging electrons to cause their oxidation or reduction.

“... RenoCell removes dissolved heavy metals from water, as metal, better than any process in the world. By using electrons directly instead of from chemical reagents, the RenoCell is the least expensive, most efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical reduction process available today...”


RENOVARE INTERNATIONAL• Founded in 1996

• Over 180 systems sold and operating in over 15 countries

• Expanded RenoCell Product Line

• Diversified industries

– Printed Circuit Boards

– Plating & Metal Finishing– Semiconductors & Electronics– Aerospace/Automotive– Precious Metals Recovery & Mining


TECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTS OVERVIEW

• Technology– Electrochemical metal recovery– High surface area carbon fiber cathode– Large improvement in performance envelope (operating range &

costs)– Cathode cartridge periodically replaced to recover metal

• Industrial Metal Recovery Products– RenoCell Models 250, 500 & 1000 with divided cell capability– RenoCell Modular Systems sized and configured as market and

applications dictates

• Specialty RenoCell Systems – Value-added niche systems, e.g., Electroless Nickel Bath

treatment– Range of capacities to best serve customer needs– Modular, expandable system line


TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW


ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES

• The term electrochemical reaction applies to those reactions of oxidation or reduction which take place at the surface of conductive electrodes immersed in a chemical medium under the influence of an applied electrical potential or voltage

• At the negative electrode or cathode, the reactions include reduction of a metal ion to the metal itself Ni+ + + 2 e- —> Ni

and, in aqueous media, the reduction of the hydrogen ion to hydrogen gas

2H+ + 2 e- —> H2 gas


ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS

• Historically 2D cells, such as tank or plate-and-frame cells, are suitable for bulk metal removal, but they can not meet stringent recovery or treatment standards

• Development efforts have been directed towards finding high surface area, stationary electrode materials.

• Testing shows that low concentrations of metals can only be achieved with reasonable current efficiencies by using porous, 3D electrodes


ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS (Continued)

• RenoCell improvements in electrochemical cell performance focused on:

– Obtaining high active cathode surface areas which allow compact design and efficient conversions even at low metal concentrations

– High current efficiency to minimize energy usage– High current density to effect rapid metal removal– Intimate contact between electrolyte and electrodes

to provide high mass transport– Ease of product removal– Safety and ease of control– Lower operating costs


RENOCELL’S PATENTED*TECHNOLOGY

Anode

Anode

Porous diffuser core

Plastic Outer Support

Carbon Fiber Plating Element

Cathode Current Feeder

Electrolyte Flow Path

DIN: DRII-6002-1

Post Electrode Connector

• Porous, high surface area cathode

• Replaceable cathode cartridge for easy metal removal

• Industry standard components and compact, robust design

• Optional divided cell (reactor) configuration

• Applicable to all electroplatable metals or electroprecipitable metal hydroxides and oxides

*USA No. 5,690,806 and USA No. 6,162,333


RenoCell’s Carbon Fiber Cathode Element, Magnified

RENOCELL CATHODE DESIGN


RENOCELL POROUS CARBON CATHODE ASSEMBLY

M-500 Cathode:

Diameter = 10 cm

Length = 1/2 m

2-D Area = 0.11 m2

3-D Area = ~55 m2


Before Test After Deposit

M100 Cathode

RENOCELL CATHODE DESIGN


RENOCELL ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

•Enclosed Polypropylene Housing

•Cylindrical Anode & Cathode

•Porous 3D Carbon Cathode

•Replaceable Cathode

•Several Sizes

•Small Footprint

U.S. Patent No. 6,162,333


PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW


SUCCESSFULLY TREATS 20+ HEAVY METALS

• Cadmium • Gold

• Copper • Cobalt

• Mercury • Nickel

• Chromium • Silver

• Tin • Palladium

• Iron • Lead

• Platinum • Zinc

• Indium • Arsenic

• Osmium • Tungsten

• Ruthenium • Rhodium

• Others (metalloids) being or to be tested


Time (mins)

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

99.99 % COPPER RECOVERY FROM DILUTE PLATING BATH

Time

(minutes)

Concentration mg/l

AverageCurrent

Efficiency

0 4440

30 3360 76

67 2440 63

92 2010 56

120 1380 54

144 820 53

170 256 52

240 0.02 39

Solution: 2.5 liters Flow rate: 2 lpmCurrent density: 400 A/m2


ELECTROLESS COPPER WASTE M100 CATHODE

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 1 2 3 4

Reaction Time (hours)

Co

pp

er

Re

ma

inin

g (

mg

/l)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 1 2 3 4 5

Reaction Time (hours)

Co

pp

er

Re

mai

nin

g (

mg

/l)

(Multiple Batches)


TYPICAL RENOCELL OPERATING PERFORMANCE

Removal

Application MetalInitial(PPM)

Final(PPM)

Efficiency(%)

Acid sulfate rinse Cu 910 0.02 99.99+

Cu 98.2 0.22 99.78

Cyanide plating rinse Cu 105 0.34 99.68

Fluoborate plating rinse Cu 115 0.3 99.74

Electroless Cu rinse Cu 82 0.8 99.02

Micro etch bath rinse Cu 44 0.11 99.75

Cyanide plating rinse Ag 740 0.34 99.95

Cyanide static dragout Cd 107 0.34 99.68

Acid sulfate rinse Cd 978 0.37 99.96


TYPICAL RENOCELL OPERATING PERFORMANCE

(Continued)

Application MetalInitial(PPM)

Final(PPM)

RemovalEfficiency%

Acid sulfate rinse Zn 77.5 0.23 99.70Acid sulfate rinse Sn 93.2 0.5 99.46Fluoborate plating rinsePb 85 0.32 99.62Watt’s bath rinse Ni 105 0.5 99.52Acid sulfate rinse Cr(III) 124 1 99.19Cyanide liquor Au 380 <0.1 99.97Acidic liquors Pt

Pd24

1101

0.0195.8399.99

Pt 2000 0.5 99.98Pd 500 <0.5 99.90

Groundwater (acidic)Hg 6.3 0.036 99.43


COST COMPARISON FOR COPPER REMOVAL FROM RINSE WATERS

• 40 ppm copper removal to 1 ppm copper

• Sludge management (including dewatering, transportation and treatment) is $350/ton

• Ion exchange spent resin is assumed to be treated on site

Based on:


NICKEL

– Removal of Ni from the Watt's bath and other chemistries was achieved at a good rate and less than 1 mg/L was achieved

– Recently an Electroless Nickel bath treatment process was developed that successfully overcomes the strongly complexing nature of the EN solution. This process technology is being patented


Based on:• 80 mg/L Ni removal to 1 mg/L Ni• Sludge management (including dewatering,

transportation and treatment) is $350/ton• Ion exchange spent resin is assumed to be treated

on-site

O&M Cost Estimates:• DTC Precipitation: $50/kg Ni• Ion Exchange: $25/kg Ni• RenoCell: $11/kg Ni

COST COMPARISON FOR NICKEL REMOVAL FROM RINSE WATERS


ELECTROLESS NICKEL TREATMENT

• EN Bath Processing– OMG Spent Chemistry

» pH 5.0

» ORP +150 mV» Conductivity >90,000 µS/cm

» Ni ~6,000 mg/L

– RenoCell Testing» ~30 tests runs

» pH, ORP, T, conductivity, pretreatment

» undivided/divided


ELECTROLESS NICKEL TREATMENTSUMMARY

– RenoCell Process Results» Divided RenoCell Require

» Reduce ORP to ~-250 mV

» No pH adjustment

» T >50C

» Other Process Adjustments

– Operating Cost Comparison» Ven Met + $45 - $55/kg Ni

» RenoCell $9/kg Ni


GOLD & OTHER PRECIOUS METALS

An Au drag-out tank on a PCB plating machine was treated. The 265 L tank produced 112.5g of Au during a 20 hour RenoCell M100 test, and is typical of many precious metal applications


RENOCELL—CHEAPER & CLEANER

• ‘Electrolytic’ electron 12.80 1.0

• Iron powder 43.20 3.4

• Zinc dust 46.40 3.6

• Dimethyl-dithiocarbamate (DTC) 89.81 7.0

• Sodium borohydride (VenMet) 101.39 7.9

• Potassium permanganate 163.26 12.8

Redox Reagent $/kg Equivalent Ratio

- Clean, “Green” Reactions -Electrons are the cheapest, purest, most versatile redox

reagent


PRODUCTS OVERVIEW


RENOCELL PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS

• OEM COMPONENTS • SYSTEMS– M1000 – XM0100D Bench

System

– M1000/D – XM0250 Pilot System

– M500 – Modular Systems

– M500/D – Specialty Systems

– M250

– M250/D


RENOCELL® COMPONENT PRODUCTS

M250 & M250D M500 & M500D M1000 & M1000D


RENOCELL XM100 BENCH SYSTEM


RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEMS


RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEM


RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN

• Redundant, modular design, expandable and reconfigurable

• Redundant pumps if required

• Modular design allows for additional modules to be added

• In multiple cell systems each set of cells is isolatable for service - cathode change-out

• Small foot print

• Proven low cost design


APPLICATIONS OVERVIEW


EFFECTIVE OPERATING RANGES FOR METAL REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES

100k 0.11101001k10k

Copper Remaining (mg/l)

Conventional EW

RenoCell

Chemical Precipitation

Ion Exchange


• Process Water Treatment– “In-process” for water and or metal recovery, recycle,

and or reuse

– “End-of-Pipe” for waste treatment

– Performance, quality and cost improvements

• Recovery of Precious Metals

• Market Conditions– Relentless pressure to reduce operating cost

– Water compliance restrictions are increasing for discharge and water reuse

– Waste minimization recognized as essential to economically compete and meet regulatory standards

MARKET DRIVERS FOR RENOCELL


RENOCELL USES

A b ate m e nt(R e m o va l)

R e co ve ry(E x tra c tio n )

P ro ce ss(E n ha n ce m e n t)

R e n o C e ll T e chn o lo gy

• Spent Plating Bath

• IX Regen

• Rinse Water

• Membrane Concentrate

• Effluent Polishing

• Scrubber Solutions

• Precious Metal Scrap Processing

• Catalyst Solution

• Photosilver

• Precious Metal Dragout and Rinses

• Precious Metal Mining Leach

• Cleaning Baths

• Product Purification

• Contaminant Removal

• Dragout Solutions

• Bath Purification

• Stripping Bath

• Pickling Baths

• Redox Reagents

• Etchant Regeneration


EXPERIENCE OVERVIEW


RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS

• 180+ RenoCell Installations

• 20+ Applications in Industrial Sectors– Printed Circuit Boards

» Copper from electroless bath

» Copper from dragout

» Gold from dragout

» Silver from rinse water

» Impurities from copper plating bath

– Metal Finishing

» Cadmium from rinse water

» Copper from cleaning bath


RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS(continued)

• 20+ Applications in Industrial Sectors

– Aerospace/Automotive

» Cadmium from rinse water

» Cadmium from IX regeneration

» Copper and lead removal from cleaning bath

– Metal Fab

» Cleaning bath maintenance (Pb,Cu)

– Precious Metals

» Platinum, palladium and gold recovery

» Gold from dragout


TYPICAL RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS

• Packard Hughes Interconnect– Acid Copper, Gold

• Sanmina– Copper, Tin, Nickel, Gold

• Cesna Aircraft– Copper

• Applied Power– Copper, electroless and acid Copper

• Moen– Copper, Lead

• DDI Thomas Walters– Copper etch and microetch

• INCO– Precious metals


SUMMARY OF TYPICAL ECONOMIC BENEFITS

• Virtual removal of all metal to allow rinse water reuse, saving more than 40% in overall treatment cost

• Total operational cost savings up to 70% over conventional treatment methods

• Lower capital cost payback (less than 2 years)

• Reduced metal and waste water loading on existing waste treatment facilities

• Conformance with national and local effluent discharge standards


IN SUMMARY

• RenoCell is the next generation technology for process and waste water metal ion removal and value metal reclamation

• RenoCell products deliver advanced, patented 3-D electrowinning technology incorporated in compact, robust cell and modular system designs

• The principles of electrowinning are the same for all electrochemical cells. However, . . . . .

“RenoCell® technology simply works substantially better”

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VRII-07-Web-0/ Slide 1 Renovare International, Inc. RENOCELL ® TECHNOLOGY - HEAVY & PRECIOUS METALS...

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