Vs.

The United States The Soviet Union

Learning TargetsLearning Targets

1. Describe the Iron Curtain, the division in Europe and why this occurred.

2. Predict the impact of the U.S. policy of containment on international affairs.

3. Analyze the situation in Berlin and create a plan to deal with the situation.

4. Evaluate the impact of actions surrounding the Cold War on events in the world.

1. Describe the Iron Curtain, the division in Europe and why this occurred.

2. Predict the impact of the U.S. policy of containment on international affairs.

3. Analyze the situation in Berlin and create a plan to deal with the situation.

4. Evaluate the impact of actions surrounding the Cold War on events in the world.

Post World War II Plans• Yalta Meeting (Feb. 1945): • European nations to be democratic, United Nations created

Post World War II Plans

• Potsdam conference (July 1945): • Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones (USA, S.U., G.B., France)

Iron Curtain• Stalin wanted barrier between S.U. and Germany• Satellite states: communist Eastern European nations under Soviet control

“From Stettin in the North to Trieste in the south, an iron curtain has descended over Europe.”

Winston Churchill to Americans in Speech

“From Stettin in the North to Trieste in the south, an iron curtain has descended over Europe.”

Winston Churchill to Americans in Speech

Containment PolicyContainment Policy U.S. foreign policy to stop the spread of

Soviet communism

U.S. foreign policy to stop the spread of Soviet communism

George Kennan – creator of theContainment policy

Synthesize: Drawing SymbolsSynthesize: Drawing Symbols

Draw a symbol to represent the Iron Curtain and containment in your notebook next to your notes.

Discuss.

Draw a symbol to represent the Iron Curtain and containment in your notebook next to your notes.

Discuss.

Think, Pair, ShareThink, Pair, Share

Predict: How will the United States try to “contain” communism?

Evaluate: Do you think the U.S. should have supported the containment policy? Why or why not?

Predict: How will the United States try to “contain” communism?

Evaluate: Do you think the U.S. should have supported the containment policy? Why or why not?

Truman Doctrine (1947)• Response to communist takeover attempts in Greece•gave economic aid ($) to countries fighting communism

$400 million for Greece and Turkey

Marshall Plan (1948-1951)

Need to rebuild Europe

Dresden, GermanyLondon, England

Marshall Plan (1948-1951)

Sec. of State Marshall

• economic recovery necessary for world peace, so give friendly aid ($)

West GermanAdvertisement

The free trainof the Marshall Plan

MarshallPlan

$12.5 billion

Marshall Plan (1948-1951)

• S.U. and Eastern countries refuse aid

Think, Pair, ShareThink, Pair, Share

• Hypothesize: Why do you think Stalin refused aid from the Marshall Plan?

• Hypothesize: Why do you think Stalin refused aid from the Marshall Plan?

Blockade of West BerlinBlockade of West Berlin

What to do???What to do???

WestGermany(US, GB, F)

EastGermany(USSR)

US, GB, F

USSR

BERLIN

GERMANY

X

X

X

X

XX

X

X

X

X

X

X

SituationSituation

As a result of the Marshall Plan, West Berlin is enjoying democracy and prosperity.

USSR does not want East Berlin to know of western ideas or prosperity.

Blockade of all roads, canals and rail lines results! West Berlin only has enough food and coal for a little

over a month. What to do???

As a result of the Marshall Plan, West Berlin is enjoying democracy and prosperity.

USSR does not want East Berlin to know of western ideas or prosperity.

Blockade of all roads, canals and rail lines results! West Berlin only has enough food and coal for a little

over a month. What to do???

ChallengeChallenge

Western allies (US, GB, F) must get food and supplies to West Berlin

East Germany/USSR must try to enforce blockade and prevent supplies from entering West Berlin

Western allies (US, GB, F) must get food and supplies to West Berlin

East Germany/USSR must try to enforce blockade and prevent supplies from entering West Berlin

RulesRules

No physical contact

Cannot cross line

West Berliners must stay in their seats

No physical contact

Cannot cross line

West Berliners must stay in their seats

ReflectionReflection

What did each side do? How effective was it? Explain. What would be a better plan?

What did each side do? How effective was it? Explain. What would be a better plan?

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• Soviet zone weak & others prospered, so manyBerliners left

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)

• Stalin blockaded West Berlin to stop this

Soviets closed Berlin’s railway lines, canals, roads. W. Berlin had 36 days of supplies.

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)• Allies airlift supplies until blockade ended

Lasted 11 months!

“Operation Vittles”

Every ten minutes a plane took off with supplies for West Berlin.327 days 277,000 flights 2.5 million tons of supplies

NATO (1949) and Warsaw Pact• defensive military alliances created • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (U.S. & W.Europe)

• Soviet Warsaw Pact (S.U. and E. Europe)

1949: CHINA Becomes Communist!1949: CHINA Becomes Communist!

Nuclear Arms Race•1949--Soviet Union achieves A-bomb & U.S quadruples defense spending

Russian ScientistKurchatov

“Joe -1” Russian A-bomb

Nuclear Arms Race• 1952--U.S. invents Hydrogen "super" bomb,• Soviet H-Bomb 18 mths. later• led to nuclear deterrence (no attack b/c both destroyed)

Test onEniwetok Atoll•100 miles wide•57,000 ft. tall• vaporized the island• 80 times more powerful than the atomic bomb•2.7 miles at centerAll is destroyed

New Policies• President Dwight Eisenhower:

•Use armed forces vs. nukes• Nikita Khrushchev:

• “peaceful coexistence”

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

President Eisenhower

Nikita Khrushchev