VSL_ETA_06-0006_english_2011

European Technical Approval No. ETA-06/0006 (English language translation, the original version is in French language)

Version of 28st July 2011 Nom commercial Trade name

Procd de prcontrainte VSL VSL Post-Tensioning System

Dtenteur de l'ATE Holder of approval

VSL INTERNATIONAL Ltd. Saegestrasse, 76 CH-3098 KOENIZ

Type gnrique et utilisation prvue du produit de construction

Generic type and use of construction product

Procds de prcontrainte des structures par post-tension (Communment appels procds de prcontrainte) Post-tensioning Kits for prestressing of Structures (Commonly called Post-Tensioning Systems)

Valid from: to:

31/03/2011 31/03/2016

Producteur du procd Kit manufacturer

CTT-Stronghold, SA Ribera del Congost, s/n SP 08520 Les Franqueses del Valls (Barcelona)

Cet Agrment Technique Europen est un renouvellement de validit de This European Technical Approval extends

ETA-06/0006 valide du 31/07/2006 au 30/07/2011 ETA-06/0006 with validity from 31/07/2006 to 30/07/2011

Le prsent agrment technique europen contient This European Technical Approval contains

8+(4+59+32) pages incluant 3 annexes (0, 1, 2) faisant partie intgrante du document. 8+(4+59+32) pages including 3 annexes ( 0, 1, 2) which form an integral part of the document.

Organisation pour l'Agrment Technique Europen

European Organisation for Technical Approvals

Service d'tudes sur les transports, les routes et leurs amnagements 46 avenue Aristide Briand BP 100 92 225 BAGNEUX CEDEX Tel : + 33 (0)1 46 11 31 31 Fax : + 33 (0)1 46 11 31 69

MEMBRE DE L'EOTA

MEMBER OF EOTA

European Technical Approval No. ETA-06/0006 1

Version of 28th July 2011

I - LEGAL BASIS AND GENERAL CONDITIONS

1- This European Technical Approval is issued by SETRA in accordance with:

- Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of Member States relating to construction products1, modified by Council Directive 93/68/EEC2 and Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council3;

- Dcret n92-647 du 8 juillet 19924 concernant l'aptitude l'usage des produits de construction

- Common Procedural Rules for Requesting, Preparing and the Granting of European Technical Approvals set out in the Annex to Commission Decision 94/23/EC5;

- ETAG 013, Edition June 2002, Post-Tensioning Kits for Prestressing of Structures. 2 - SETRA is authorized to check whether the provisions of this European Technical Approval are met. Checking may take place in the manufacturing plant(s). Nevertheless, the responsibility for the conformity of the products to the European Technical Approval and for their fitness for the intended use remains with the holder of the European Technical Approval. 3 - This European Technical Approval is not to be transferred to manufacturers or agents of manufacturers other than those indicated on page 0, or manufacturing plants other than those indicated on page 0 of this European Technical Approval. 4 - This European Technical Approval may be withdrawn by SETRA, in particular pursuant to information by the Commission according to Article 51 of Council Directive 89/106/EEC. 5 - Reproduction of this European Technical Approval including transmission by electronic means shall be in full. However, partial reproduction can be made with the written consent of SETRA. In this case partial reproduction has to be designated as such. Texts and drawings of advertising brochures shall not contradict or misuse the European Technical Approval. 6 - The European Technical Approval is issued by the approval body in its official language(s). This (These) version(s) corresponds (correspond) fully to the version circulated in EOTA. Translations into other languages have to be designated as such.

1 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 40, 11.2.1989, p. 12 2 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 220, 30.8.1993, p. 1 3 Official Journal of the European Union No L 284, 30.10.2003, p. 1 4 JORF du 14 juillet 1992 5 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 17, 20.1.1994, p. 34



II - SPECIFIC CONDITIONS CONCERNING THE EUROPEAN TECHNICAL APPROVAL

1 - Product definition and intended use 1.1 - Product definition The VSL Post-Tensioning System consists, for convenience purposes, of two systems that rely upon a set of common basic components: the VSL Multistrand System and the VSL Slab System. According to this System, cables are considered to be primarily composed of ducts, tendons (using the 0.6" 'normal' or 'super' strand, i.e. 15.2 or 15.7, those defined in the White Draft pr EN 10138-3: "Prestressing steels - Strands" or individually greased and sheathed monostrand complying with ETAG 013 Annex C.1), anchorages and/or couplers and other components such as protective products necessary for ensuring either a permanent level of prestressing (during the entire reference life cycle) or a temporary one (over a limited period) for civil engineering structural elements, buildings or any other type of construction. As long as EN 10138 does not exist 7-wire strands in accordance with national provisions shall be used. The VSL Multistrand System (from 1 to 55 strand cables), defined in Annex 1 and intended more for massive civil engineering parts, is used along with the strands specified above and the following components: - ducts:

- metallic: corrugated steel strip sheaths, steel tubes, - made of plastic, the VSL PT-PLUS ducting, polyethylene or polypropylene sheaths or tubes,

- anchorages: - active or passive type E (1 to 55 strands), type CS (7 to 37 strands), type GC (3 to 37 strands), ,

type NC (55 strands) and NC-U (55 strands), - using bond type H (1 to 37 strands), - fixed couplers type K (3 to 37 strands) and movable couplers type V (3 to 37 strands);

- injection products: - for rigid injection: with a cement base, in accordance with EN 447 - for flexible injection: with a grease base, with a wax base.

Filling materials covered by an ETA may also be employed.

The VSL Slab System (1 to 4 strands), defined in Annex 2 and primarily intended for thin construction elements for building or bridge decks, is used along with the strands specified above and either bare strands for the system with injection or individually greased and sheathed for the system without injection: - ducts for the system with injection: the circular or flat corrugated steel strip sheaths, the circular or flat VSL PT-PLUS duct, - anchorages:

- active or passive type S 6-1 (1 strand), S 6-1 PLUS (1 strand) and type S 6-4 (4 strands), - embedded dead end type SF 6-1 (1 strand) and SF 6-1 PLUS (1strand), - using bond: type H for the system with injection applied to internal bonded tendons only.

- injection products for the system with injection: with a cement base, in accordance with EN 447. Filling materials covered by an ETA may also be employed.

1.2 - Intended use The VSL Post-Tensioning System has been designed to ensure the equilibrium of structures or of sections of structures submitted to the gravity effects, live load effects, climatic effects or any other type of action as well as to the imposed set of deformations.

The VSL Post-Tensioning System may be used for: - new structural works, - the repair and strengthening of existing structures.



The VSL Post-Tensioning System may also be employed in structures made of other materials than concrete; this could entail structures made of concrete, masonry, steel, cast iron, wood or combinations of several materials. The tendons assembled as part of the VSL Post-Tensioning System may have the following basic use categories: - internal bonded tendon for concrete and composite structures, - internal unbonded tendon for concrete and composite structures, - external tendon for concrete structures with a tendon path situated outside the cross section of

the structure or member but inside its envelope. (Cables for ground and rock anchors, external cables with a layout positioned beyond the structural envelope or the structural component, and stay cables are not covered by the present ETA). completed with the following optional use categories: - restressable tendon (internal or external), - exchangeable tendon (internal or external), - cryogenic applications, - internal bonded tendon with plastic duct, - encapsulated tendon, - electrically isolated tendon, - tendon for use in structural steel or composite construction as external tendon, - tendon for use in structural masonry construction as internal and/or external tendon, - tendon for use in structural timber as internal and/or external tendon. The tables presented in Chapters 1.4 and 3.4 of Annexes 1 and 2 establish the categories possible for each of the approved anchorages.

1.3 Working life The provisions, test and assessment methods in the ETAG 013 have been written based upon the assumption that the estimated design working life (nominal design value of the intended life of a structure) of the PT System is the same as the one specified in the Eurocodes relevant for the structure in which it is intended to be used provided that the PT System is subject to appropriate use and maintenance (see Chapter 7 of ETAG 013). Eurocode 1 specifies 100 years design working life for bridges and other engineering structures. These provisions are based upon the current state of the art and the available knowledge and experience.

The indication given on the design working life of a product cannot be interpreted as a guarantee given by the producer (or the Approvals Body) but is regarded only as a means for choosing appropriate components and materials in relation to the expected economically reasonable design working life of structures for the works. The relevant Eurocodes would be the following: ENV 1990 "Eurocode 0": Basis of structural design ENV 1991 "Eurocode 1": Actions on structures ENV 1992 "Eurocode 2": Design of concrete structures ENV 1993 "Eurocode 3": Design of steel structures ENV 1994 "Eurocode 4": Design of composite steel and concrete structures ENV 1995 "Eurocode 5": Design of timber structures ENV 1996 "Eurocode 6": Design of masonry structures

2 - Product characteristics and verification methods 2.1 - Product characteristics The components of the VSL Post-Tensioning System comply with the drawings and conditions described in Annexes 1 and 2 of this European Technical Approval. More detailed information related to confidential specifications (e.g.: materials, processing, surface, dimensions, tolerances, manufacturing methods and control procedures) are included in the Technical Evaluation dossier concerning this European Technical Approval, which has been deposited at the



Approval Body. This set of information is also to be sent, whenever necessary, to the Certification Body responsible for Attestation of Conformity.

Essential requirements 1 (mechanical resistance and stability) and 3 (hygiene, health and the environment) from Appendix I of the Construction Products Directive have been fulfilled. For the PT System, the other requirements need not to be complied with.

Only product characteristics in relation to essential requirements 1 and 3 are to be verified. It should be pointed out that, depending on their specific nature, some prestressed structures or parts of prestressed structures may need to satisfy other requirements in respect to fire safety.

2.2 - Verification methods Assessment of the fitness for use of the PT System with essential requirement 1 related to "mechanical resistance and stability" was carried out, as stipulated in the European Technical Approval Guide focusing on post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures (ETAG 013). The performances assessed in accordance with ETAG 013 allow to fulfill all relevant essential requirements. Such performances deal for the most part with: resistance to static loads, effective load transfer to the structure, and resistance to fatigue. A set of specific tests were carried out as stated in ETAG 013 for the following optional use categories : electrical insulation and cryogenic applications. The methods for verifying, evaluating and assessing suitability and test procedures comply with those detailed in ETAG 013. According to the kit manufacturers declaration, the post-tensioning kit does not contain any dangerous substances. In addition to the specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this European Technical Approval, there may be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope (e.g. transposed European legislation and national laws, regulations and administrative provisions). In order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need also to be complied with, when and where they apply. This statement has been highlighted in Chapter 5 entitled "Injection and sealing" of both Annexes 1 and 2.

3 - Evaluation, Attestation of Conformity and CE marking 3.1 - The attestation of conformity system The system of attestation of conformity specified by the European Commission in mandate 98/456/EC6 is the system 1+, with audit testing of samples, described in Council Directive (89/106/EEC) Annex III and is detailed as follow: 3.1.1 - Tasks for the Kit Manufacturer (see Section 3.2.1): 1) Factory production control, 2) Further testing of samples taken at the factory by the manufacturer in accordance with a prescribed

test plan (see Annex 0); 3.1.2 - Tasks for the Certification Body (see Section 3.2.2): 1) Initial type testing of the product, 2) Initial inspection of factory and of factory production control (FPC), 3) Continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production control (FPC) 4) Audit testing of samples. 3.2 - Responsibilities 3.2.1 - Tasks for the Kit Manufacturer 3.2.1.1 - General responsibilities of the Kit Manufacturer The Kit Manufacturer shall keep available an updated list of all components manufacturers. 6 Official Journal of the European communities L201/112 of 3 July 1998



This list is to be provided to the Certification Body. Another copy may also be made available to the Approval Body. The Kit Manufacturer is responsible for the production and quality of components manufactured or ordered. At least once a year, each components manufacturer has to be audited by the kit manufacturer. Each audit report shall be made available to the Certification Body. These audit reports include: - Identification of the components manufacturer - Date of audit of components manufacturer - Summary of the results and records of the FPC since last audit - Summary of the complaint records - Evaluation of the components manufacturer concerning FPC - Specific remarks as relevant - Clear and unique statement whether the requirement of the ETA are met - Name and position of signatory - Date of signature - Signature. At least once a year specimens are taken by the kit manufacturer from at least one job site. One series of single tensile element tests are performed according to Annex 0 (annex E3 of the ETAG 013) by the kit manufacturer with these specimens. One series of single tensile element tests are performed with components from only one site. The results of these test series are made available to the Certification Body. These reports include: - Identification of the job site where the components have been taken - Date of sampling - Identification of the components (e.g. anchor head, wedges, strand,) - Place and date of testing - Summary of the results including a test report according to Annex E.3 of ETAG 013 - Specific remarks as relevant - Name and position of signatory - Date of signature - Signature.

The kit manufacturer makes available for at least 10 years all records of relevant results concerning the ETA and the audit reports concerning the components manufacturers. 3.2.1.2 - Factory Production Control (FPC)

3.2.1.2.1 - General The kit manufacturer exercises permanent internal control of the production. All the elements, requirements and provisions adopted by the kit manufacturer are documented in a systematic manner in the form of written policies and procedures. This control system ensures that the PT System is in conformity with the European Technical Approval. The Factory Production Control is in accordance with the control plan of VSL named QM relating to the European Technical Approval 06/0006 issued on 31-07-2006 which is part of the technical documentation of this european technical approval. The control plan is laid down in the context of the factory production control system operated by the manufacturer and deposited at SETRA. The basic elements of the control plan comply with ETAG 013 annex E1. The results of the factory production control shall be recorded and evaluated in accordance with the provisions of the control plan. FPC and the prescribed test plan are according to Annex 0, which address the following aspects: - manufacturing - distribution and delivery to job site.

FPC system complying with EN ISO 9001 : 2000 and which addresses the requirements of the ETA is recognized as satisfying the FPC requirements of the Directive. Parts of the FPC may be transferred to an independent test laboratory. Nevertheless, the kit manufacturer has the full responsibility for all results of the FPC.



3.2.1.2.2 - Control of the PT System components and materials The characteristics of incoming materials which comply with a harmonized European technical specification, having met the corresponding Attestation of Conformity procedure, are considered satisfactory and need, except in case of justified doubt, no further checking. All materials are to be in accordance with the requirements of the ETA and the corresponding specifications of the kit manufacturer. Where harmonized technical specifications are not available, materials according to specifications valid in the place of use may be used provided that their use is compatible with the results of approval tests. Otherwise, the specifications are given in the ETA. 3.2.1.2.3 - Inspection and testing The validity of the type and frequency of checks / testing conducted during production and on the final product has to be considered as a function of the production process. This includes verification conducted during production, on properties that cannot be inspected at a later stage and verification on the final product. These include: - Definition of the number of samples taken by the kit manufacturer - Material properties e.g. tensile strength, hardness, surface finish, chemical composition, - Determination of the dimensions of components - Check correct assembly - Documentation of tests and test results. All tests are performed according to written procedures with suitable calibrated measuring devices. All test results are recorded in a consequent and systematic way. The prescribed test plan relative to the PT System (see Annex 0) complies with stipulations in Annex E.1 of ETAG 013, including the minimum test frequencies to perform. 3.2.1.2.4 - Control of non-conforming products Products which are considered as not conforming with the ETA are immediately marked and separated from such products which comply. The prescribed test plan addresses control of non-conforming products. 3.2.1.2.5 - Complaints ETA Technical File includes provisions to keep records of all complaints about the PT System. 3.2.2 - Tasks of the Certification Body (CB) The CB may act with its own resources or subcontract inspection tasks and testing tasks to inspection bodies and testing laboratories. 3.2.2.1 - Initial type-testing The results from tests performed during the approval procedure and then evaluated by the Approval Body may be used by the Certification Body as initial type testing as required in the ETAG 013. 3.2.2.2 - Initial assessment of factory and factory production control The Certification Body assesses both the factory capacities and the factory production control performed by the kit manufacturer in order to ensure that, in compliance with the prescribed test plan, the manufacturing resources and FPC are able to guarantee continuous and consistent manufacturing of PT System components in accordance with ETA specifications. 3.2.2.3 Continuous surveillance The Certification Body shall perform surveillance inspections, Components Manufacturers inspections and sample extractions either in the factories or on the job sites for the purpose of conducting independent tests under its responsibility. Continuous surveillance and FPC evaluation are to proceed in accordance with the prescribed test plan and in compliance with conditions laid out under the "Continuous surveillance" heading found in the ETAG 013 guide and in Figure 8.1 in particular. The kit manufacturer shall be inspected at least once a year. Its FCP will be checked and according to Annex E.2, samples are taken for independent testing.



Each component manufacturer shall be inspected at least once during the period of validity of the ETA that is at least once in five years.

The Certification Body shall provide SETRA, upon request, the results of certification and continuous surveillance.

In cases of serious non conformities, related to important aspects of the performances of the post-tensioning system, which can not be corrected within the deadlines, the certification body shall withdraw the certification of conformity and inform the SETRA without delay.

3.3 CE-Marking

CE-marking is in accordance with the Construction Products Directive and the Guidance Paper "D" named "CE marking under the construction products directive" (EC/OEAT 04/645 Document). The delivery note, associated with the components of the PT System, shall contain the CE conformity marking which consist of the CE-symbol and: 1. The name or identifying mark of the kit manufacturer 2. The last two digits of the year in which the marking was affixed 3. The number of the Certificate of Conformity 4. The ETA number 5 See information on ETA No 06/0006 6. The use category(ies) 7. The number of the Certification Body.

All other information is clearly separated from the CE-marking and the accompanying information.

4 - Assumptions under which the fitness for use of VSL PT System is favorably assessed

4.1 - Production This European Technical Approval document has been issued for the VSL PT System on the basis of Manufacturer Technical Dossier (MTD) submitted and verified by SETRA

Any anticipated changes to the process or in the production of components that may change the MTD must be notified to SETRA, which would then decide whether change affects the ETA and, consequently, the validity of the CE-marking and whether an additional assessment with modification of this ETA would be necessary. Under all circumstances, SETRA consent is required prior to enacting the planned modifications.

4.2 - Installation The quality of a post-tensioned structure lies not only in its effective design, but also in the quality of its execution. As regards post-tensioning, it goes without saying that the appropriate use of the PT System, component quality and system installation quality serve to influence both suitability for the intended use and the design working life. Basic information has been provided in Annexes 1 and 2 of ETA document. Although such information proves essential for purposes of comprehending PT System application, it alone remains insufficient for proceeding with the installation step. For this reason, the Post-Tensioning System has been set up for installation to be performed by a PT Specialist Company.

Even though this field is submitted to the national regulatory conditions of EU Member States, it should be recalled herein that the qualification of PT Specialist Companies encompasses their aptitude (specialized equipment resources and certified staff) first to design the prestressed parts of structures and then to prepare the corresponding set of components and work tasks, install the PT System (including cable tensioning using appropriate devices) and performing the injection of protective filling material. These last two tasks are to be carried out with equipment capable of meeting the requirements associated with attaining precise measurements of certain physical magnitudes.

The tasks of design and installation may be extended, under some circumstances, by means of monitoring and adjustment (whenever necessary) of the installed PT System.



5 - Indications 5.1 - Packaging, transportation and storage Temporary protections, packaging, along with transportation and storage conditions for components of the VSL PT System have been designed to ensure availability for worksite installation without any alteration of their suitability for the particular intended use.

The detailed conditions to be adopted relative to the ducts, reinforcements, anchorages and protective filling material have been set forth both in Chapter 7 of ETAG 013 and in the VSL Technical Documentation (associated with the European Technical Approval).

5.2 - Installation The entire set of equipment used for installing the PT System is submitted to periodic maintenance and repair operations, whenever necessary.

Tensioning equipment measurement systems (pressure or force, displacement and/or movement) that get included in the verification of magnitudes for the actions applied to structures undergo calibration in compliance with: Chapter 7 of ETAG 013, the national provisions, and the set of practices prescribed in the VSL Technical Documentation (associated with the European Technical Approval).

Annex 0 of the European Technical Approval No. ETA-06/0006 1


Annex 0

ETA APPLICATION

1 - Commitments assumed by the ETA Holder

Once installed, the VSL Post-Tensioning System makes a vital contribution both to the permanent equilibrium of structures and to their durability. In light of the terms inherent in this European Technical Approval (ETA), which serve to certify the fitness for use of the PT System, its service capabilities and its working life as well as to prescribe the resources utilized by the companies involved (see Appendix D of ETAG 013), it is essential for each of the prerequisite measures to be applied during the fabrication and installation steps that accompany the design step in promoting proper use of the PT System.

In this aim, the ETA Holder agrees to apply and ensure application of this approval by the Kit Manufacturer, the Component Manufacturers and the PT Specialist Companies such that the installed PT System proves capable of satisfying the designated set of basic requirements (in compliance with Construction Products Directive, Chapter 1, Article 2.1).

2 - Responsibility of both the ETA Holder and Kit Manufacturer

The components of the VSL Post-Tensioning System are produced in accordance with the conditions of the present European Technical Approval by the Kit Manufacturer and selected Component Manufacturers, using the production resources indicated and identified during inspections and on site audits performed by both the Approval and Certification Bodies. The Kit Manufacturer guarantees that all components of the PT System and relative individual components for which the ETA has been issued comply with the specifications given in the ETA. For the most important components, the following table summarizes the minimum procedures which have to be performed.



"Prescribed test plan"

1 2 3 4 5 6Component Item Test / Check Traceability4 Minimum

frequency Documen-

tation Anchorage zone components

Material7 Check 100% 9 "2.2"1,6 Detailed dimensions5

Test 3% 9

2 elements Yes

Anchor plate

Visual inspection3 Check

bulk6

100% 9 No Material7 Check 100% 9 "3.1"2

Detailed dimensions5

Test 5% 9

2 elements Yes

Anchor head, Coupler


full

100% 9 No Material7 Check 100% 9 "3.1"2

Treatment, hardness

Test 0.5% 9

2 elements Yes

Detailed dimensions5

Test 5% 9

2 elements Yes

Wedges, Compression fitting


full

100% 9 No Current zone components

Duct Material7 Check "CE"2 100% "CE"2

Visual inspection3 Check 100% No Strand Material7 Check 100 % "CE"2

Diameter Test Each coil No Visual inspection3 Check

National Certification

till "CE"2 Each coil No Cement7 Check full 100% "CE"2Constituents

of filling material as per EN 447

Admixtures, additions, ...7

Check bulk 100% "CE"2

Monostrand Material7 Check National Certification

till "CE"2

100% "CE"8

Plastic pipes Material7 Check full 100% "CE"2

Plastic ducts Material7 Check full 100% "CE"8

All samples are to be extracted at random and clearly identified. Details on sampling procedures including methods of recording as well as test methods have been agreed between the Approval Body and the Kit Manufacturer as part of the prescribed test plan. Preferably standardized sampling and test methods are used. Generally all results are reported in the test reports in such a way to enable direct comparison with the specifications data in the ETA or subsidiary documentation.

1 "2.2": Test report type "2.2" according to EN 10 204 (this applies to simple steel anchor plates only). 2 "3.1": Inspection certificate type "3.1" according to EN 10 204. If the basis of "CE"-marking is not available, the prescribed test plan has to include appropriate measures, only for the time until the harmonized technical specification is available.



3 Visual inspections means e.g.: main dimensions, gauge testing, correct marking or labelling, appropriate performance acceptability, surface fins, kinks, smoothness, corrosion, coating, etc., as given in the prescribed test plan. 4 full: Full traceability of each component to its raw material. bulk: Traceability of each delivery of components to a defined point. 5 Detailed dimensions mean measuring of all dimensions and angles according to the specifications as given in the prescribed test plan. 6 Only if the force transfer unit is a "simple plate". Otherwise appropriate procedures have to be introduced. 7 Material checks are included for information only as these are not part of the prescribed test plan. 8 If the basis of "CE"-marking is not available, the prescribed test plan has to include appropriate measures. The certificate shall be based on specific testing on the fabrication lot from which the supply has been produced, to confirm specified properties, and shall be prepared by a department of the supplier which is independent of the production department. 9 Procedure according to VSL Final Control Specifications. Note: Generally speaking, all tests, inspections, etc. are aimed at verifying that the information contained in manufacturing drawings as well as in the ultimate set of associated specifications has actually been applied to the components.

During surveillance inspections, the Certification Body has to take samples of components of the PT System or the relative individual components for which the ETA has been granted for independent testing. For the most important components, the table given below summarises the minimum procedures which are performed by the Certification Body.

"Audit testing"

1 2 3 4Component Item Test / Check Sampling Number of

components per visit Material according to specification Check, test

Detailed dimensions Test

Anchor head, Coupler

Visual inspection 10 Check

1

Material according to specification Check, test 2Treatment Test 2Detailed dimensions Test 1Main dimensions, surface hardness Test 5

Wedges, Compression fitting

Visual inspection 10 Check 5 Single tensile element test

Single tensile element test according to Annex E.3

Test 1 series

Inclined Tube test Inclined Tube test as per Clause C.4.3.3.2.1 11

Test 1 test

All samples are to be randomly selected and clearly identified. Details on sampling procedures including methods of recording as well as test methods have been agreed between the Approval Body and the Kit Manufacturer as part of the prescribed test plan. Preferably standardized sampling and test methods are used. Generally all results are reported in the test reports in such a way to enable direct comparison with the specifications data in the ETA or subsidiary documentation.



10 Visual inspections means e.g. : main dimensions, gauge testing, correct marking or labelling, appropriate performance, surface, fins, kinks, smoothness, corrosion, coating, etc. 11 Applied to special grout specified within the ETAG 013 in C.4.3 and this ETA.

3 - Responsibility assigned the ETA Holder and PT Specialist Companies

The respective tasks and responsibilities of the ETA Holder and PT Specialist Companies are expressed in Appendix D of ETAG 013.

Installation of the VSL Post-Tensioning System is carried out in full compliance with the present European Technical Approval, all related European level documents, and all pertinent National application documents at the Country level.

Annex 1

TECHNICAL DATA

OF THE

VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM

Annex 1 of the European Technical Approval No ETA-06/0006 2


Title Page

1. DEFINITION OF THE SYSTEM 1.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM 4 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEM UNITS 5 1.3 ANCHORAGES 6

1.3.1 PRESENTATION OF THE ANCHORAGES 1.3.2 LIST OF APPROVED ANCHORAGES

1.4 CATEGORIES OF USE, POSSIBILITIES AND OPTIONS 7 1.4.1 USES AND OPTIONS OF THE VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM 1.4.2 POSSIBILITIES OF THE VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM

2. STRANDS AND DUCTS 2.1 STRANDS USED 92.2 DUCTING 9

2.2.1 TYPES AND DIMENSIONS OF USABLE DUCTS 2.2.2 METAL DUCTS 2.2.3 PLASTIC DUCTS 2.2.4 ACCESSORIES FOR INLETS, BLEED VENTS AND OUTLETS 2.2.5 CONNECTION WITH TRUMPETS

2.3 CABLE LAYOUT 11 2.3.1 STRAIGHT LENGTHS BEHIND THE ANCHORAGES 2.3.2 RADIUS OF CURVATURE 2.3.3 SPACING OF SUPPORTS AND TOLERANCES 2.3.4 STRAND CUT LENGTH

2.4 INSTALLATION OF DUCTS AND STRANDS 13 2.5 PROVISIONAL PROTECTION AND LUBRICATION 13 2.6 CALCULATION ELEMENTS 13

2.6.1 FRICTION LOSSES 2.6.2 BASIS FOR EVALUATING ELONGATIONS 2.6.3 SETTING OF ANCHORAGE WEDGES

3. ANCHORAGES 3.1 DESCRIPTION OF ANCHORAGE COMPONENTS 15

3.1.1 LIVE END / DEAD END ANCHORAGES 3.1.2 COUPLERS 3.1.3 PRESENTATION AND PACKING OF ANCHORAGES

3.2 ORGANIZATION OF SUPPLY QUALITY 16 3.3 INSTALLATION OF VARIOUS ANCHORAGES 16

3.3.1 TYPE "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" ACTIVE END ANCHORAGES 3.3.2 TYPE "E", "CS", "GC", , "NC" and "NC-U" PASSIVE END ANCHORAGES 3.3.3 TYPE "H" BOND ANCHORAGES 3.3.4 TYPE "K" FIXED COUPLERS 3.3.5 TYPE "V" MOVABLE COUPLERS

3.4 ANCHORAGE ARRANGEMENTS 18 3.5 GEOMETRICAL AND MECHANICAL USE CONDITIONS 19

3.5.1 CLEARANCE BEHIND STRESSING ANCHORAGES 3.5.2 CONCRETE COVER AND ANCHORAGE SPACING

3.6 LOCAL ANCHORAGE ZONE REINFORCEMENT 22

4. STRESSING 4.1 STRESSING EQUIPMENT 22

4.1.1 STRESSING JACKS 4.1.2 HYDRAULIC PUMPS 4.1.3 MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS

4.2 PROCESSES OF STRESSING AND CONTROL PROCEDURE 22

TABLE OF CONTENTS



4.2.1 FORCE MEASUREMENTS 4.2.2 ELONGATION MEASUREMENTS

5. INJECTION AND SEALING 5.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 24 5.2 INJECTION PRODUCTS 24

5.2.1 PRODUCT FOR BONDED CABLES 5.2.2 PRODUCT FOR UNBONDED CABLES

5.3 INJECTION EQUIPMENT 25 5.4 INJECTION AND CONTROL PROCEDURE 25 5.5 SEALING 26

6. SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS 27



1.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM

The cable or unit of the VSL Multistrand System is composed of a bundle of strands made of high-strength steel called a "tendon", along with the associated set of anchorages. The tendon has to be encased within a duct such as a sheath or tube, etc. The void thereby produced can potentially be filled with an injected material for the purpose of bonding with the structure and/or inhibiting corrosion. The constituting strands are those defined in the European Standard White Draft pr EN 10138-3: "Prestressing steels - Strand". They refer to 7-wire strands with nominal diameters of 15.2 and 15.7 mm (fpk = 1 860 N/mm2or fpk = 1 770 N/mm2). As long as EN 10138 does not exist, 7-wire strands in accordance with national provisions shall be used. The VSL Multistrand system is able to accommodate bare strands and individually sheathed and greased (protected) monostrands. By varying both the strand diameter and number (and, if applicable, their specified characteristic value of maximum force), it would be possible to obtain a value for the characteristic tensile strength per cable or unit that varies between 260 and 15 345 kN. All strands of a cable are simultaneously stressed, yet each one is individually locked within a conical anchoring hole by means of wedges. The anchorage function is performed by clamping during strand moving back at the time of pressure release in the jack. The choice of post-tensioning units, as dictated by force requirements, leads for a given strand diameter and characteristic strength to a specific number of strands to be placed. In conjunction with this design element, the choice of type of anchorage associated with the cable depends on the intended function and application of the particular unit. The designation of post-tensioning units is expressed with reference to both the type and number of component strands. The VSL commercial labeling is explained below: The labeling of units 6-1 6-55 or 6S-1 6S-55 signifies:

the first digit indicates strand diameter, 6 = 6 1/10" = T15.2 15.2 mm 6S = 6 1/10" S = T15.7 15.7 mm (S stands for super). the subsequent digits indicate the number of strands composing the unit.

To provide greater detail, the designation of units begins with the names of the anchorages placed at the ends. The following designation serves as an example:

Cable VSL E-E 6S-12 L = 50.000 (1)

The functions and names of the anchorages will be defined hereafter. The cable features a length of 50.000 m and has been stressed at one (1) end. To cover the entire range from 1 to 55 strands, an array of basic anchorages has been developed, i.e.: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 7 - 12 - 15 - 19 - 22 - 27 - 31 - 37 - 43 - 55, thus enabling the creation of any intermediate unit, considering that the number of strands placed may be less than the number of conical holes of the anchorage. In incompletely filled anchor heads, the present strands have to be arranged to centre the applied load to the anchor head.

DEFINITION OF THE SYSTEM CHAPTER 1



1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEM UNITS

On the basis of the strand characteristics defined in draft Standard "pr EN 10138-3: Prestressing steels - Part 3: Strand", the values of tendon cross-sections Ap, maximum forces under anchorage upon tensioning recommended by EN 1992-1-1 : Pmax = min {k1.Ap.fpk; k2.Ap.fp0.1k}, with k1 = 0.8, k2 = 0.9, fpk = 1 860 N/mm2, fp0.1k =0.88 fpk, of VSL post-tensioning units are as follows :

STRAND 15.2 - T15.2 or 6 fpk = 1 860 N/mm2

Fpk = 260 kN Fp0.1k = 229 kN

STRAND 15.7 - T15.7 or 6S fpk = 1 860 N/mm2

Fpk = 279 kN Fp0.1k = 246 kN

Ap Ap.fpk 0.8

Ap.fpk Ap.fp0.1k

0.9 Ap.fp0.1k

Ap Ap.fpk 0.8

Ap.fpk Ap.fp0.1k

0.9 Ap.fp0.1k

Number of strands in the prestressing

unit

mm kN kN kN kN mm kN kN kN kN 1 140 260.0 208.0 229.0 206.1 150 279.0 223.2 246.0 221.4 2 280 520.0 416.0 458.0 412.2 300 558.0 446.4 492.0 442.8 3 420 780.0 624.0 687.0 618.3 450 837.0 669.6 738.0 664.2 4 560 1 040.0 832.0 916.0 824.4 600 1 116.0 892.8 984.0 885.6 5 700 1 300.0 1 040.0 1 145.0 1 030.5 750 1 395.0 1 116.0 1 230.0 1 107.0 6 840 1 560.0 1 248.0 1 374.0 1 236.6 900 1 674.0 1 339.2 1 476.0 1 328.4 7 980 1 820.0 1 456.0 1 603.0 1 442.7 1 050 1 953.0 1 562.4 1 722.0 1 549.8 8 1 120 2 080.0 1 664.0 1 832.0 1 648.8 1 200 2 232.0 1 785.6 1 968.0 1 771.2 9 1 260 2 340.0 1 872.0 2 061.0 1 854.9 1 350 2 511.0 2 008.8 2 214.0 1 992.6 10 1 400 2 600.0 2 080.0 2 290.0 2 061.0 1 500 2 790.0 2 232.0 2 460.0 2 214.0 11 1 540 2 860.0 2 288.0 2 519.0 2 267.1 1 650 3 069.0 2 455.2 2 706.0 2 435.4 12 1 680 3 120.0 2 496.0 2 748.0 2 473.2 1 800 3 348.0 2 678.4 2 952.0 2 656.8 13 1 820 3 380.0 2 704.0 2 977.0 2 679.3 1 950 3 627.0 2 901.6 3 198.0 2 878.2 14 1 960 3 640.0 2 912.0 3 206.0 2 885.4 2 100 3 906.0 3 124.8 3 444.0 3 099.6 15 2 100 3 900.0 3 120.0 3 435.0 3 091.5 2 250 4 185.0 3 348.0 3 690.0 3 321.0 16 2 240 4 160.0 3 328.0 3 664.0 3 297.6 2 400 4 464.0 3 571.2 3 936.0 3 542.4 17 2 380 4 420.0 3 536.0 3 893.0 3 503.7 2 550 4 743.0 3 794.4 4 182.0 3 763.8 18 2 520 4 680.0 3 744.0 4 122.0 3 709.8 2 700 5 022.0 4 017.6 4 428.0 3 985.2 19 2 660 4 940.0 3 952.0 4 351.0 3 915.9 2 850 5 301.0 4 240.8 4 674.0 4 206.6 20 2 800 5 200.0 4 160.0 4 580.0 4 122.0 3 000 5 580.0 4 464.0 4 920.0 4 428.0 21 2 940 5 460.0 4 368.0 4 809.0 4 328.1 3 150 5 859.0 4 687.2 5 166.0 4 649.4 22 3 080 5 720.0 4 576.0 5 038.0 4 534.2 3 300 6 138.0 4 910.4 5 412.0 4 870.8 23 3 220 5 980.0 4 784.0 5 267.0 4 740.3 3 450 6 417.0 5 133.6 5 658.0 5 092.2 24 3 360 6 240.0 4 992.0 5 496.0 4 946.4 3 600 6 696.0 5 356.8 5 904.0 5 313.6 25 3 500 6 500.0 5 200.0 5 725.0 5 152.5 3 750 6 975.0 5 580.0 6 150.0 5 535.0 26 3 640 6 760.0 5 408.0 5 954.0 5 358.6 3 900 7 254.0 5 803.2 6 396.0 5 756.4 27 3 780 7 020.0 5 616.0 6 183.0 5 564.7 4 050 7 533.0 6 026.4 6 642.0 5 977.8 28 3 920 7 280.0 5 824.0 6 412.0 5 770.8 4 200 7 812.0 6 249.6 6 888.0 6 199.2 29 4 060 7 540.0 6 032.0 6 641.0 5 976.9 4 350 8 091.0 6 472.8 7 134.0 6 420.6 30 4 200 7 800.0 6 240.0 6 870.0 6 183.0 4 500 8 370.0 6 696.0 7 380.0 6 642.0 31 4 340 8 060.0 6 448.0 7 099.0 6 389.1 4 650 8 649.0 6 919.2 7 626.0 6 863.4 32 4 480 8 320.0 6 656.0 7 328.0 6 595.2 4 800 8 928.0 7 142.4 7 872.0 7 084.8 33 4 620 8 580.0 6 864.0 7 557.0 6 801.3 4 950 9 207.0 7 365.6 8 118.0 7 306.2 34 4 760 8 840.0 7 072.0 7 786.0 7 007.4 5 100 9 486.0 7 588.8 8 364.0 7 527.6 35 4 900 9 100.0 7 280.0 8 015.0 7 213.5 5 250 9 765.0 7 812.0 8 610.0 7 749.0 36 5 040 9 360.0 7 488.0 8 244.0 7 419.6 5 400 10 044.0 8 035.2 8 856.0 7 970.4 37 5 180 9 620.0 7 696.0 8 473.0 7 625.7 5 550 10 323.0 8 258.4 9 102.0 8 191.8 38 5 320 9 880.0 7 904.0 8 702.0 7 831.8 5 700 10 602.0 8 481.6 9 348.0 8 413.2 39 5 460 10 140.0 8 112.0 8 931.0 8 037.9 5 850 10 881.0 8 704.8 9 594.0 8 634.6 40 5 600 10 400.0 8 320.0 9 160.0 8 244.0 6 000 11 160.0 8 928.0 9 840.0 8 856.0 41 5 740 10 660.0 8 528.0 9 389.0 8 450.1 6 150 11 439.0 9 151.2 10 086.0 9 077.4 42 5 880 10 920.0 8 736.0 9 618.0 8 656.2 6 300 11 718.0 9 374.4 10 332.0 9 298.8 43 6 020 11 180.0 8 944.0 9 847.0 8 862.3 6 450 11 997.0 9 597.6 10 578.0 9 520.2 44 6 160 11 440.0 9 152.0 10 076.0 9 068.4 6 600 12 276.0 9 820.8 10 824.0 9 741.6 45 6 300 11 700.0 9 360.0 10 305.0 9 274.5 6 750 12 555.0 10 044.0 11 070.0 9 963.0 46 6 440 11 960.0 9 568.0 10 534.0 9 480.6 6 900 12 834.0 10 267.2 11 316.0 10 184.4 47 6 580 12 220.0 9 776.0 10 763.0 9 686.7 7 050 13 113.0 10 490.4 11 562.0 10 405.8 48 6 720 12 480.0 9 984.0 10 992.0 9 892.8 7 200 13 392.0 10 713.6 11 808.0 10 627.2 49 6 860 12 740.0 10 192.0 11 221.0 10 098.9 7 350 13 671.0 10 936.8 12 054.0 10 848.6 50 7 000 13 000.0 10 400.0 11 450.0 10 305.0 7 500 13 950.0 11 160.0 12 300.0 11 070.0 51 7 140 13 260.0 10 608.0 11 679.0 10 511.1 7 650 14 229.0 11 383.2 12 546.0 11 291.4 52 7 280 13 520.0 10 816.0 11 908.0 10 717.2 7 800 14 508.0 11 606.4 12 792.0 11 512.8 53 7 420 13 780.0 11 024.0 12 137.0 10 923.3 7 950 14 787.0 11 829.6 13 038.0 11 734.2 54 7 560 14 040.0 11 232.0 12 366.0 11 129.4 8 100 15 066.0 12 052.8 13 284.0 11 955.6 55 7 700 14 300.0 11 440.0 12 595.0 11 335.5 8 250 15 345.0 12 276.0 13 530.0 12 177.0

Note : prestressing force applied to structure must be in accordance with national regulations.



Temporary overstressing is permitted in accordance with the requirements of EN 1992-1-1 to a maximum force of k3.Ap.fp0.1k, with k3 = 0.95.

The system can obviously be used with strands displaying a specific characteristic tensile strength of less than that proposed in the table as strands with fpk = 1 770 N/mm2. The provisions for tendons with strands with a characteristic tensile strength fpk = 1 860 N/mm2 also apply to tendons with strands with fpk < 1 860 N/mm2.The draft Standard pr EN 10138-3 sets the following criteria for the other useful characteristics of prestressing strands composing the VSL units:

- Elongation at maximal force: 3.5% - Relaxation at 0.70 fpk after 1,000 hours: 2.5% - Relaxation at 0.80 fpk after 1,000 hours: 4.5% - Fatigue behavior (0.70 fpk; 190 N/mm2): 2x106 cycles - Maximum D value of deflected tensile test: 28% - Modulus of elasticity Ep: 195 000 N/mm2

Even though the modulus of elasticity of both the tendon or bundle of strands and the (single) strand are somewhat different, VSL still recommends adopting, for the cable calculations, the measured strand value that had been transmitted upon delivery of the supply of strands. Individually greased and sheathed monostrands have the same mechanical properties as listed above for bare strands.

1.3 ANCHORAGES

1.3.1 PRESENTATION OF THE ANCHORAGES

The VSL Multistrand System anchorages may, depending on their function and commercial labeling, be classified as one of the following: Type "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" active end anchorages These active anchorages are designed to anchor the tendons at the end through which stressing of the entire set of bundled strands will be carried out. They are composed of an anchor head (cylindrical for the "E" anchor head or a cylindrical / hexagonal-base prism for the "CS" anchor head) drilled with the same number of conically-shaped holes as strands to be anchored; the anchoring step is performed at each strand using wedges inside the conical holes to provide a strong grip. The anchor head is supported by the concrete via an "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" or "NC-U" type anchor plate connected to an "E", "CS", "GC" type trumpet housing deviating the strands to the current duct. The "NC" and "NC-U" anchor plate comprises its own deviating trumpet (ditto for smallest "GC" anchor plates). Type "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" passive end anchorages These passive anchorages serve to block the tendons at the end on which no stressing force is to be exerted. The "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" category only includes those anchorages that remain accessible at the time of stressing. These anchorages, which feature pre-clamped wedges and which may be controlled during stressing, are used for this purpose. Type "H" bonded anchorages These dead end anchorages rely, at least in part, on bond in order to maintain the tendon extremity fastened with respect to the concrete. In type "H" anchorages, the clean strands exhibit wires, over a given bond length, folded at their extremities to form an onion. Type "K" fixed couplers These anchorages ensure the continuity of two tendons placed in tension one after the other when two distinct phases of the construction job overlap and the first phase cable is stressed before stressing the second phase cable. Within "K" type fixed couplers, the first-phase cable is anchored on the coupler side with a type "E", "CS" or "GC" anchor (transfer) plate whose head labeled "K" contains the housing units for the coupling elements around its periphery. The second phase cable, on the coupler side, is anchored by means of compression fittings on the strands placed into the aforementioned housings. The two coupled tendons must be units of the same number of strands and the force in the second phase cable shall not be larger than the force in the first phase cable.



The coupling is then insulated from the concrete by means of a sleeve. Type "V" movable couplers These anchorages ensure the continuity of two lengths of a tendon which are stressed simultaneously. Within "V" type mobile couplers the "movable" head labeled "K" described here before coupling the two lengths is mobile in its sleeve. The coupling head where the opposite strands are locked with compression fittings is equipped with retaining plates. The two coupled lengths must be units of the same number of strands. The coupling is insulated from the concrete by means of the sleeve.

1.3.2 LIST OF APPROVED ANCHORAGES

The set of approved anchorages that allow creating all sorts of intermediate prestressing units have been categorized in the following table:

ANCHORAGE

CABLE Function Active end Passive end Bond Coupler

Unit Label E CS GC NC NC-U E CS GC NC NC-U H K V1T15.2 / 1T15.7 6-1/6S-1

2 2 3 3 4 4 7 7 12 12 15 15 19 19 22 22 27 27 31 31 37 37 43 43 55 55

The stressing of tendons at PT system anchorages is only conducted by VSL stressing jacks, which are presented in Chapter 4.

1.4 CATEGORIES OF USE, POSSIBILITIES AND OPTIONS

1.4.1 USES AND OPTIONS OF THE VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM

VSL Multistrand System units may be: - internal or external (to the concrete or to one another material), - with or without a bonded or unbonded permanent injection, and - applied in structures composed indiscriminately of various construction materials.

These units may entail: - an adjustable force, and/or - the potential for replacement provided the absence of bonding with the structure.

They can also be conceived for applications that are: - cryogenic,

- encapsulated (leak-tight, waterproof), and - electrically isolated (electrical isolation implies a strong waterproofing).

Uses Anchorages E CS GC NC NC-U H K V internal* bonded cable with metallic duct internal* bonded cable with plastic duct internal* unbonded

E CS GC NC NC-U H K V

external* bonded cable external* unbonded cable tendon for use in various material as external cable restressable tendon



exchangeable tendon cryogenic applications encapsulated tendon (leak tight) electrically isolated tendon

(*) of concrete As noted before, - absence of bonding with the structure for exchangeable cable means soft injection or double pipe at anchorage and deviator in case of rigid injection. The clearance between outside diameter of tendon duct and inside diameter of formwork pipe in structure has to be 10 mm minimum. - the VSL Multistrand System may be introduced without grouting, which for example is the case when tendons are left without protection due to their provisional use, or their location within a neutral environment. It goes without saying that all these potential uses and options presume the availability of adequate choices and combinations of all cable components as indicated in this ETA: - for strands see Chapter 2.1 "Strands used", - for ducts see Chapter 2.2 "Ducting", - for anchorages see Chapter 3.4 "Anchorage arrangements", - for injection see Chapter 5.2 "Injection products".

1.4.2 POSSIBILITIES OF THE VSL MULTISTRAND SYSTEM The VSL Multistrand System is able to take advantage of the following unique set of possibilities: - Partial stressing or stressing in stages:

When prestressing needs to be applied gradually, the stressing may be performed in stages. As the first partial stressing step gets carried out, at the beginning of the second stage, the wedges are unclamped by action of the jack on the cable. Once the targeted force has been reached, pressure in the jack is relaxed and the wedges are once again clamped inside the anchor head. This procedure consists of the same steps as for tensioning of a long cable whose elongation necessitates several successive jack strokes.

- Overstressing with shimming:

Upon loading of the anchorage during releasing the jack pressure, due to wedges draw in, a simultaneous setting of the strands takes place causing a reduction of elongation and a drop in tension at the cable end. It is still possible however to adjust tension to the desired value by use of a jack chair ring that enables pressing the jack no longer upon the anchor head but rather via jack chair upon the bearing plate. In this case, since the stressing had been conducted under typical conditions and the wedges locked definitively, tensioning is resumed by bringing the head back to the target displacement (the wedge draw in or other value), and then shimming between the anchor head and the anchor plate with split shim (see chapter 2.6.3).

- Destressing procedure: The destressing of an anchored cable by a type "E" or "CS" anchor head is possible using a special tooling assembly mounted on the tensioning jack provided that (1) the required strand overlengths have been conserved, (2) that the tendon remains unbonded to the structure. The required strand overlength exceeds the values provided in Chapter 6.

From the aforementioned, two zones would appear to stand out, the free length and the anchorage zone; they will be presented in greater detail within the following chapters entitled "Strands and ducts" and "Anchorages".



2.1 STRANDS USED

The high-strength prestressing steel (strands) composing the tendons are labeled "Y1860S7 No. 1.1366" and are defined in the draft Standard "pr EN 10138-3: Prestressing steels Part 3: Strand". Alternatively, the strands labeled "Y1770S7 No. 1.1365" may also be employed. The primary characteristics have been recalled in Section 1.2. Monostrands (individually greased and sheathed) can be used for unbonded tendons, either internal or external to concrete or other materials. They are compliant with Annex C.1 of the ETAG 013, which specifies the requirements, verification methods and acceptance criteria of both the grease and the sheathing.

2.2 DUCTING

The VSL Multistrand System can use several types of duct as provided in this section. Duct type selection depends on the specific project, the final use designed for the structure and the options selected for the post-tensioning units.

2.2.1 TYPES AND DIMENSIONS OF THE USABLE DUCTS

Depending on the specific application, various types of ducts may be employed. From a general standpoint, the ducts used must be mechanically resistant, display continuity in shape, ensure continuity of the seal and, ultimately, continuity in electrical insulation over their entire length, as well as comply with the project's bond requirements while not causing any chemical attack to the prestressing steel.

Without claiming to be exhaustive, the following table of frequently-used ducts can be cited as having demonstrated their capacities in the uses and applications associated with the given options:

Metal Ducts Plastic Ducts Ducts

Applications

Corrugated metal duct Smooth metal duct

VSL PT-PLUS

Duct

Smooth plastic duct polyethylene, polypropylene

standard NR NR cryogenic NR NR

encapsulated NA NR NR

with bonded injection

electrically-isolated NA NA NR

standard + encapsulated NA NR electrically-

isolated NA NA NR

Internal Cable, in the concrete

with unbonded injection

restressable and/or

replaceable NA NR

standard + encapsulated NA NR

with bonded injection electrically-

isolated NA NA NR standard +

encapsulated NA NR electrically-

isolated NA NR NR

External Cable, out of the concrete (or other material)

with unbonded injection

restressable and/or

replaceable NA NR

For the other materials such as masonry, wood, etc., refer to conditions relative to concrete and take into account the installation constraints, which may be of various types. Notes: ) This set-up features a fully-bonded cable. ) Smooth ducts in polyethylene or polypropylene are the most common. ) Strands defined in chap. 2.1, i.e. bare strands with total unbonded injection of duct or (individually greased and sheathed) monostrands in rigid filling of duct. ) Using monostrands. : Advised ~: Possible NR: not recommended NA: not allowed

STRANDS AND DUCTS CHAPTER 2



The VSL Multistrand System's post-tensioning tendon ducts, for the most part with a circular cross-section, must display an internal diameter large enough to provide for easy strands installation and adequate filling during injection of the protective filling product. With this objective, VSL recommends an internal duct diameter int 1.8 p , where Ap is the nominal cross-section of the strands composing the unit. This relation is suitable for the case of threading the tendons by means of pushing through strand by strand into the ducts installed prior to concreting. In the case of prefabricated cables, it is authorized to adopt a duct with a smaller diameter. Moreover, during the calculations, it is necessary to consider the distance (called eccentricity) existing between the center of the duct and the center of gravity of the strand bundle cross-section. The recommended duct dimensions, along with the corresponding eccentricity values, are given in Chapter 6. The ducts, depending on their type and capacities, may be provided on coil or in straight segments.

2.2.2 METAL DUCTS

The tendons are most often (as per the "STANDARD" solution) isolated from the concrete by means of corrugated steel strip sheaths. According to Standard EN 523, they are either normal (Category 1), i.e. "normal sheaths", or (Category 2), i.e. "rigid sheaths" but bendable by hand, with their characteristics being stipulated in the standard. Connections between coils or straight segments are performed by means of screwing a connector (coupler) onto the two extremities to be connected. The sealing at the joints is done by either an adhesive ribbon or thermo-retractable sleeves. In certain applications (e.g. nuclear, offshore), the tendons are encased in smooth steel ducts. The most frequently-employed tubes, whether welded or not, are thin (in compliance with the EN standards) and machine-bendable. The connections between segments are commonly performed by flaring one end and clamping the other; the seal is generated by welding, thermo-retractable sleeves or adhesive ribbon.

2.2.3 PLASTIC DUCTS

In the case of stringent requirements as regards both corrosion protection and fatigue resistance of cables, it is recommended to use the corrugated plastic duct VSL PT-PLUS. This duct may only be used inside the concrete with a grouting and generates perfect bond between the tendons and the structure. It is recommended for applications submitted to a particularly-aggressive environment or strong fatigue loads. The VSL PT-PLUSduct complies with ETAG 013. The fitting between duct segments is introduced by means of mirror welding or by connectors that provide for both the waterproofing seal and electrical isolation. This duct can be used with all anchorage types E, CS, GC, NC, NC-U, H, K and V. When used with CS-type anchorages, it allows to provide fully-encapsulated units labeled CS "PLUS" as well as electrically isolated units labeled CS "SUPER". Such applications necessitate the presence of rigid half-shells between the duct and its supports at all of the high points along cable path in order to avoid any risk of perforation during stressing of the tendon. Regarding the selection of connection options for VSL PT-PLUS duct, the prescripts in the following table have to be strictly applied.

Duct Sizes (1) Radius of curvature (2) Prescribed Connection Type int / ext [m]

23/25 to 100/106 Fpk3 R (3) Mirror Welding or Connector

115/121 to 150/157 Fpk3 R



With an appropriate set of fittings, they may be used for applications involving encapsulated / waterproof and electrically-isolated tendons.

2.2.4 ACCESSORIES FOR INLETS, BLEED VENTS AND OUTLETS

In internal (concrete) post-tensioning applications for structures composed of prefabricated elements, duct continuity, regardless of duct type, is performed in alignment with the joints by means of a coupler fitting that encompasses a set of rings inserted at the contact element duct end. These plastic accessories serve to complete the seal. Providing permanent protection by means of grout injection presupposes the possibility of intervening anywhere along the cable path in order to adjust the filling and bleed any air, water, etc. that may be within the ducts. In this aim, accessories for re-circulation, venting and bleeding are installed on the ducts. These basically comprise shells or collars fastened onto holes in the ducts and connected to pipes with plugs opening onto an accessible face of the structure. The following options are available:

Duct Duct connection accessory Inlet, venting, bleeding or outlet accessory Corrugated steel strip sheath Sealed plastic shell Plastic pipe Smooth steel tube Welded pipes Steel tube or plastic pipe VSL PT-PLUS duct Special "clipped" collar / coupler Plastic pipe Plastic duct Electro-weldable collar or welded pipes Plastic pipe

Distributions of inlet, venting, bleeding and outlet points along the cable profile are selected based on a function-specific study of both the injection pattern and procedure.

2.2.5 CONNECTION WITH TRUMPETS

The strands, located within the ducts, must slightly dilate in the vicinity of the anchorages in order to pass through the corresponding holes in the anchor head. This conical deviation is done in a transition zone called a trumpet and is considered part of the anchorage element. The trumpets of a specific anchor plate are of adequate diameters, with enough length and opening at the end that allows for connection and alignment to the duct of the free length. The seal between the duct and trumpet is carried out using an adhesive strip, a thermo-retractable sleeve or a connector designed as a duct accessory (e.g. a VSL PT-PLUS coupler).

2.3 CABLE LAYOUT

The cable layout patterns are not inherent to the VSL Multistrand System, but instead depend on the particular project.

2.3.1 STRAIGHT LENGTHS BEHIND THE ANCHORAGES

In order for the strands not to display excessive deviation with respect to the anchor head support surface, it is recommended to lay out a rectilinear segment in the back of the anchorage. This straight length in axial alignment varies with the size of the prestressing units. The following has been specified as straight length Lmin which includes both the anchor plate and the trumpet:

for Fpk < 2 MN Lmin = 0.8 m for 2 MN Fpk 7 MN Lmin = 1.0 m for Fpk > 7 MN Lmin = 1.5 m

In the particular case of external PT, refer to chap. 2.3.2

2.3.2 RADIUS OF CURVATURE

In order for the ducts and tendons to be easily installed and handled, for the friction loss values to be respected and for the actions upon deviations to be acceptable, it is recommended to limit the radius of cable curvature.



For internal (concrete) post-tensioning, in the cases of common deviations, VSL recommends verifying that: R 100 int, where R is the radius of curvature and int = internal diameter of the duct. This rule is appropriate for corrugated steel strip sheaths of Category 2 (see Section 2.2.2). When using corrugated steel strip sheaths of Category 1 (Section 2.2.2), the VSL PT-PLUS duct (Section 2.2.3) and smooth steel tube, R Fpk3 , where R is expressed in meters and Fpk expressed in MN.

In more unique cases involving the use of smooth steel tubes, the radius of curvature may be significantly reduced: R 20 int. Under such specific conditions, local concrete strength as well as stresses in strands must be verified. If existing, national provisions may supersede previous recommendations. Tendon sections curved in a U-shape at a tight radius to form an inaccessible end of the tendon named loop anchorage (not considered to be an anchorage in the intent of ETAG 013) respect the following details:

- duct in loop is either smooth or corrugated, diameter one size larger than in free length for ease of connection (one fitting into other),

- radius of curvature in loop R max { Fpk0.6 ; 0.6 m }, where R is expressed in meters and Fpk expressed in MN,

- tendon is stressed simultaneously from both ends, - tendon is subject to primarily static load (no significant fatigue load).

For external (concrete) post-tensioning, in cases where a high-quality polyethylene tube and thickness adequate for external cable use as defined in Appendix C.2 of the ETAG 013, the following values should be respected.

Tendon Unit Minimum Radius in deviation zone between straight lengths

Minimum Radius adjacent to the trumpet in anchorage zone

[-] [m] [m] 6-7 2.0 3.0 6-12 2.5 3.5 6-19 3.0 4.0 6-27 3.5 4.5 6-37 4.0 5.0 6-43 4.5 5.5 6-55 5.0 6.0

While corrugated metal strip sheath can be bent by hand to almost any shape in space, machine-bent smooth steel pipe can only be bent to a constant radius in one plane. The designer should take this into account when specifying the tendon profile.

2.3.3 SPACING OF THE SUPPORTS AND TOLERANCES

The support heights underneath the duct are listed on the cable diagrams approximately every meter for a large radius of curvature and every fifty centimeters for a small radius of curvature, in order to allow for duct placement with the required level of precision. Depending on the type of duct and its dimensions, the fastening fittings are sufficiently robust and close enough such that the ducts and tendons will not exhibit displacements or deformations in excess of the allowed tolerances. Recommended spacing of tendon supports is 10 to 12 time duct diameter. The tolerances on cable positions in the concrete elements must respect the prescriptions stipulated in the draft standard "pr ENV 13670-1". Moreover, under all circumstances and in every direction, whenever a cable displays or potentially displays deviation in the vicinity of an edge of concrete which could lead to spalling of concrete cover, an offset with respect to the cable diagram in this direction is only tolerated provided that equilibrium reinforcing bars have been provided over this zone.



2.3.4 STRAND CUT LENGTH

Since the anchorage has been fastened with respect to the structure undergoing post-tensioning, its space consumption is limited to its specific volume. Strand length is strictly the length of the prestressed element between the anchorages increased by the over length crossing the stressing jack(s). These over length have been defined in the drawing for block out dimensions and clearance requirements in Chapter 6.

2.4 INSTALLATION OF DUCTS AND STRANDS

Depending on the size and layout of the worksite, the available space on site and the schedule of works, one of the following solutions is to be adopted (for practical purposes and in order to list all installation possibilities, only the case of an internal post-tensioning of a new concrete structure has been highlighted herein):

- Cables (both strands and ducts) fabricated in the plant and then delivered as needed at the worksite for installation into the passive reinforcement;

- Strand bundles fabricated in a mobile workshop located adjacent to the worksite and then drawn either before or after concreting into the ducts installed in the passive reinforcement;

- Tendons composed by pushing through strand by strand before or after concreting into the ducts installed in the passive reinforcement.

2.5 PROVISIONAL PROTECTION AND LUBRICATION

The oiling or greasing of strands, exclusively by means of non-dangerous substances, is performed:

- in the aim of providing provisional protection against corrosion from the time of leaving the plant until permanent protection has been achieved (grouting of the cable);

- in the aim of lubrication since the friction loss of oiled strands in the ducts during stressing is lower.

With this same objective, other products serving to reduce friction loss may be used, as long as they are recognized as non-dangerous, can be easily applied and remain inert in the presence of permanent protection (and the eventual bond to the structure),.

It is necessary to point out that: "In addition to the specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this European Technical Approval, there may be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope (e.g. transposed European legislation and national laws, regulations and administrative provisions). In order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need also to be complied with, when and where they apply."

2.6 CACULATION ELEMENTS

2.6.1 FRICTION LOSSES

The friction of strands in their ducts, which hinders tendon displacement during stressing, causes a tension loss by friction all along the cable path beginning at the considered live end anchorage. In examining the friction loss formula: ( )e -.ff k x(0)po(x)po += , which expresses the tension in a cable at the abscissa x as a function of the tension at the considered active anchorage (positioned at x = 0), where is the friction coefficient (over the curve) between the strands and the duct, the sum of the angular deviations of the cable over the distance x, and k the unintentional deviation (per unit length) affecting the cable path, it is recommended to adopt the numerical values of and k according to EN 1992-1-1. They can be summarized as follows:

Application (rad-1) (1) k (rad/m) (2) Internal (concrete) cable with corrugated steel strip sheath 0.17 - 0.19 0.005 - 0.010 Internal (concrete) cable with smooth steel tube 0.16 - 0.24 0.005 - 0.010 Internal (concrete) cable with VSL PT-PLUS duct 0.12 - 0.14 0.005 - 0.010 External (concrete) cable with smooth steel tube 0.16 - 0.24 0



External (concrete) cable with plastic duct 0.12 - 0.14 0Internal (concrete) cable with individually greased and sheathed strands 0.05 0.008 External (concrete) cable with individually greased and sheathed strands 0.05 0.008

(1) The interval limit values encompass both lubricated and non-lubricated strands. (2) The values of k are zero for cables outside the concrete.

2.6.2 BASIS FOR EVALUATING ELONGATIONS

The calculation of elongations for stressing purposes presumes that the tension curve within the strands along the cable just before locking of the anchorage is known, i.e. fpo (x). The measurable elongation upon stressing at the back of the jack for the live end anchorage under consideration, where x = 0, may be written as follows:

where, in the second member, - for the 1st term: L j : length of the strands in the stressing jack. fpo (x) ~ (1 + ka). fpo,o = constant where fpo,o: stress in the strands upon stressing at x = 0, ka: friction loss in the anchorage, which may be neglected for this purpose;

- for the 2nd term: La: length of the concerned tendon = length from the live end anchorage to the MIN (fpo(x)), i.e. the abscissa of the strands cross-section not moving;

- for the 3rd term: negligible in the majority of cases (except if stresses in the concrete resulting from prestressing are high);

- for the 4th term: in the case where the cable is terminated by a fixed external anchorage whose wedges were manually pre-set (common case), a draw-in g of these so-called wedges on the order of 3 mm must be incorporated. In simplifying and defining: fpo,m, the average stress over the concerned strands length, the following is obtained:

On the worksite during stressing, elongation due to tendon slack should be eliminated from the reported value with appropriate procedures (e.g. taking into account elongations only once the tendon has been stiffened inside its duct). Note: ka : friction losses in the anchorages are expressed in Section 4.2.1

2.6.3 SETTING OF ANCHORAGE WEDGES

A 6-mm draw-in of the wedges is considered; this value remains constant for all units and is applicable to all anchorages and all types of wedges. When an adjustment must be conducted, the insertion of a suitable split shim between the anchor head and its anchor plate makes it possible to compensate for the wedge draw-in up to the shim thickness. In this case, the re-tensioning force must not exceed Pmax, which is the maximum force authorized during unit stressing. If upon initial tensioning Po,o < Pmax, compensation for the wedge draw-in may thus be complete. If however upon initial tensioning Po,o = Pmax, an uncompensated wedge draw-in of 1 to 2 mm must be incorporated. The split shim is made of same material as anchor plate E and that diameter of hole is the same as specified in E or CS plate (depending of which anchor is used).

Note: compression fittings are without significant setting.

Elongation of tendon in the stressing jack

Elongation of tendon in the prestressed

element

Concrete shortening of the

prestressed element

Eventual displacement of the dead end of

the tendon



3.1 DESCRIPTION OF ANCHORAGE COMPONENTS

VSL Multistrand System anchorages make use of a set of standard elements, to be categorized as follows:

3.1.1 LIVE END / DEAD END ANCHORAGES

Live end (active) and dead end (passive) anchorages comprise: - Anchor plates and trumpets: Common anchorage plates and duct-transition trumpets exist in accordance with several models:

- the "E" model composed of a simple plate made of steel according to Standard EN 10025. The E trumpet is made of steel sheet;

- the "CS" model composed of a spheroidal graphite cast iron matrix according to Standard EN 1563, made composite with a very high-strength mortar. The CS trumpet is made of plastic and can be ended by an appropriate ancillary attachment for connection to the VSL PT-PLUS duct. The CS trumpet can also be associated with E anchor plate model.

- the "GC" model composed of a lamellar graphite cast iron plate according to Standard EN 1561. For small units (3 to 12) the trumpet is comprised in the casting. For greater units, trumpet is made of plastic. - the NC model composed of a spheroidal graphite cast iron body - plate plus trumpet - according to Standard EN 1563. The NC-U (1) used with monostrands includes a slightly increased diameter of the transition cone compared to the one of NC used for bare strands. (1) u for unbonded.

- Anchor heads: The basic anchor heads may be found in two models:

- the "E" model, associated with plate E, GC, NC or NC-U, formed from a steel rod according to Standard EN 10083-2.

- the "CS" model, associated with plate CS, formed from a steel rod, with quenching and tempering according to Standard EN 10083-1 and then machined or forged to achieve variable thickness.

The conical holes are machined on transfer equipment and exhaustively controlled. - Wedges: The wedges are trimmed in alloyed steel for cementation according to Standard EN 10084, then cleaved into parts and finally treated. These elements are available as:

the "W6N" or "W6S" model, with two independent parts. The wedges are specified according to two types, adapted to strand diameters, along with the 6N wedges for the 0.6" or T15.2 strands and the 6S wedges for the 0.6"S or T15.7 strands. The S (or super) wedges are differentiated from the N (normal) wedges by the presence on the plane face, which remains apparent, of a grooved trim. These wedges are all submitted to rigorous controls. Both the VSL Multistrand System and VSL Slab System (see Annex 2) wedges are identical. - Protective caps: In order to enable injecting permanent protection and ultimately contributing to protecting the anchorage, three cap models to be used with the plate are available:

- the provisional cap designed to contain the injection product for the permanent protection of the zone. Following the curing period, this cap is recycled for reuse; the injection product must be a rigid grout and then the anchorage block-out must be filled with concrete;

- the permanent steel cap, containing the anchor head and the protection product, which is left in place after injection;

- the permanent plastic cap, containing the anchor head and protection product, which is also to be left in place after injection. This cap has been designed in particular for sealed and electrically isolated cables.

Permanent caps are obviously required in all cases calling for the injection of a flexible protection product.

CHAPTER 3

ANCHORAGES



Provided a few precautions have been taken against corrosion of the metallic parts, the permanent caps may be left apparent; moreover, permanent caps can also be used as temporary caps.

3.1.2 COUPLERS

The couplers rely, for the second phase cable (fixed coupler) or both cable (movable coupler), upon reliable anchorage components that are supported on the installed anchor head including connection grooves. This setup consists of compression fittings, composed of a hard steel wire coil wound in a spiral and a fitting sleeve. The coil is assembled on the strand, and then the fitting sleeve is swaged on the assembled unit.

3.1.3 PRESENTATION AND PACKING OF ANCHORAGES

Given that strand placement only takes place in a rather generalized manner following concreting, the delivery of anchorages on the worksite entails: (only the most common case of internal (concrete) post-tensioning of a new structure will be highlighted herein)

1. Delivery of the anchor plates along with the ducts for placement within the passive reinforcement, and fastening of the plates to the formwork. These anchorage parts are delivered tagged for identification either on pallets or in bulk.

Following concreting and curing: 2. Delivery of the anchor heads and wedges along with the strands to be threaded, installation of the

anchor heads, stressing and grouting of the permanent cable protection. These anchorage components are delivered tagged for identification, packaged and protected (the same applies for the strands).

3.2 ORGANIZATION OF SUPPLY QUALITY

The fabrication of anchorage components of post-tensioning system and especially those designed for the VSL Multistrand System is conducted in compliance with the specifications, production and control procedures laid out in the present ETA and associated documents. The control procedures in effect for anchorage Component Manufacturers, to the same extent as those adopted by the PT Specialist Company, serve to ensure the traceability of the components all the way through to their delivery on site. It is to be recalled that the basis for evaluating these procedures and the supervision of their application have been defined in Chapter 8 and its Annex E of the ETAG 013. It should also be recalled that prior to installation, the compliance of all delivered components, by means of both identification and visual inspection of their state, must be performed by the PT Supervisor.

3.3 INSTALLATION OF VARIOUS ANCHORAGES

The installation of VSL units must be assigned to a competent staff member and involve technical management personnel within the PT Specialist Company or a PT Supervisor certified by this company. Anchorage placement in accordance with model prescriptions is handled as follows (for practical purposes, only the most common case of internal (concrete) post-tensioning of a new structure has been highlighted herein):

3.3.1 TYPE "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" AND "NC-U" ACTIVE END ANCHORAGES

The anchor plates and trumpets are fixed to the formwork and connected to the ducts which have been placed at the time of installation of the passive reinforcement; they are thus incorporated into the structure or structural element upon concreting.

It should be noted that for the "E" plates, the possibility exists to install them on a previously-completed concrete facing by means of inserting a flexible and durable joint between the plate and concrete or installing them on a metallic surface. On the other hand, the "CS", "GC", "NC" and "NC-U" plates may only be installed into a concrete block cast around the plates.



The arrangement of injection holes vary according to the anchorage models and structures and can either open onto the front face or may use pipes in order to open onto other faces of the structure. The anchor heads and wedges are positioned immediately before stressing, a step which serves to avoid polluting the parts.

Anchorages used with monostrands (individually greased and sheathed) include sealing between anchor head and monostrands to seal the free grouted tendon length at the anchor plate surface and to confine greased protection in the anchorage zone (e.g. with neoprene disk or plastic sleeve). Initially the monostrands are slightly tensioned to remove slack. Then the free length is filled using cementitions grout to fill the interstices between individual strands and between strands and duct. To achieve this, the duct is sealed on both ends at the anchor plates using temporary formworks which maintain the correct strand pattern and provide a leak tight seal. Once the grout has attained sufficient strength (f cm(t) 20/25 N/mm2), the monostrands are stressed to final force.

Anchorages used with both isolating plates (to be inserted between the head and plate) and isolating plastic caps, enable constituting electrically isolated tendons, such as the CS "SUPER" type units. The "E" anchorages can also be used for electrically isolated tendons when using the CS plastic trumpet and isolating plate.

As for force losses in the anchorages during stressing, see Section 4.2.1: "Force Measurements".

3.3.2 TYPE "E", "CS", "GC", "NC" AND "NC-U" PASSIVE END ANCHORAGES

The placement of these anchorages is performed as indicated in Section 3.3.1. Once the anchor head has been installed, before stressing at the other end, the wedges are pre-locked using a wedge tool. The anchorage then remains accessible throughout the stressing phase for observation. These anchorages also enable generating electrically isolated tendons.

3.3.3 TYPE "H" BOND ANCHORAGE

The load transfer to the structure is based primarily on the bond of dilated strands within the concrete over a straight segment length and the anchorage by an onion (curvature of wires) at the strand end. Upon exiting the duct, the strands are gradually deviated towards two positioning and maintenance grids. The duct end is reinforced with a ring.

The entire anchorage assembly is solidly fastened to the passive reinforcement. Following assembly of the injection tube, the sealing between duct end and strands is ensured by means of resin packing at the level of the ring. The proper working of the anchorage necessitates degreasing the strands on the bond length, along with careful concreting over this length using a concrete whose aggregate diameter does not exceed 30 mm.

3.3.4 TYPE "K" FIXED COUPLER

When a structure must be built in several phases, especially when setting up the scaffolding and formwork over the entire length of the structure proves impossible, it may be wise to stress and anchor certain cables over a fraction of their length and then extend them through the use of a coupler. Once the structure has been completed, the coupler may or may not be inside the concrete.

Installation of the coupler proceeds for the active part as defined in Section 3.3.1 for the "E", "CS" or "GC" type of live end anchorage, with the installed anchor head being the "K" head fitted with grooves for peripheral coupling. For the passive part of the coupling, the installation takes place prior to concreting of the zone; the strands exiting the duct are deviated through a ring towards the "K" head; they are fitted with compression fittings and placed into the designated grooves. A strapping serves to maintain them in position and a trumpet/sleeve (made of either sheet metal or plastic) isolates the coupler from the concrete, thereby making it possible to transmit the prestressing force through the joint.

A vent at the apex of the trumpet/sleeve allows for accurate filling during grouting.

For the use in electrically isolated tendon, in addition to specific arrangements of Section 3.3.1, the K coupler requires a load distribution plate to be installed between coupling head and isolating plate.



3.3.5 TYPE "V" MOVABLE COUPLER

When a cable must be composed of several lengths, the "K" head defined in Section 3.3.5 is used as movable coupler (of two lengths) in the sleeve. The size of the sleeve is defined to allow free movement of the coupler head during stressing.

A vent at the apex of the sleeve allows for accurate filling during grouting.

3.4 ANCHORAGE ARRANGEMENTS

According to categories of use, referring to Section 1.4.1, arrangements of anchorage components are described in the following table:

Uses

Anc

hora

ges

Com

pone

nts

inte

rnal

bond

edca

ble

with

met

aldu

ct

inte

rnal

bond

edca

ble

with

plas

ticdu

ct

inte

rnal

unbo

nded

exte

rnal

bond

edca

ble

exte

rnal

unbo

nded

cabl

e

tend

onfo

rva

rious

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