Presented by:

Muhammad Gulab

Head Radiographic Testing & Radiation Safety, NCNDT, SES

Course on Visual Testing Level-2

Organized by NCNDT

CODES, STANDARDS, SPECIFICATION & PROCEDURE

Chapter-7

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & OVERVIEW OF CODES & STANDARDS

•General knowledge of specifications and procedures•Objectives of standardizations

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & OVERVIEW OF CODES & STANDARDS

QualityQuality of an industrial product is defined as fitness of the product to do the job required of it by its user. Quality ControlQuality control can be defined as the controls applied at each manufacturing stage to consistently produce a quality product.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & OVERVIEW OF CODES & STANDARDS

Codes

Codes are type of standards that use the verbs shall or will to indicate the mandatory use of certain materials or actions or both. The use of codes is mandated with the force of law by governmental jurisdiction.Specifications

Specifications are also a type of standards but they differ from code in that their use is not mandatory except when they are referred by a code or contractual documents.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & OVERVIEW OF CODES & STANDARDS

StandardA technical Specification or other document available to the

public is called a standard if it is:Drawn up with the cooperation and consensus or general approval of all interested.Based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience.Aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits.Approved by a body recognized on the national, regional or international level.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE & OVERVIEW OF CODES & STANDARDS

Objectives of standardizations

• Clear Communication• Economy of Effort• Minimum Performance• Historical Record• Collective Wisdom• Improvement in Quality

International Organizations Producing Standards On Visual Testing

• Aerospace Industries Association (AIA)• American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)• American Society for Non-destructive Testing (ASNT)• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)• American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME)• American Welding Society (AWS)• Department of Defense (DOD)• Ship Structure Committee (SSC)• Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)• American Petroleum Institute (API)

International Organizations Producing Standards On Visual Testing

• French Association of Standardization (AFNOR)• British Standards Institute (BSI)• The European Committee for Standardization (CEN)• German Institute for Standardization (DIN)• International Organization for Standardization (ISO)• Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC)

ASME (B & PV) Code

ASME (B & PV) Code

ASME (B & PV) Code

NDT / VT related:

• Section III, rules for the Construction of Nuclear facility components

• Section VIII, Rules for construction pressure vessel• Section V, Non-destructive Examination (Article-9)• Section XI, Rules for In-service Inspection of Nuclear

Power Plant components

ASME (B & PV) Code

Section XI, Rules for In-service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant components (IWA-2200)

• VT-1 For general service inspection, conducted to detect discontinuities and imperfections on the wear, corrosion and erosion.

• VT-2 detect evidence of leakage from pressure retaining components.

• VT-3 is conducted to detect discontinuities and imperfections such as loss of integrity at bolted or welded connections, loose or missing parts, debris, corrosion, wear or erosion.

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ASME (B & PV) Code

Section XI, Rules for In-service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant components (IWA-2300)

Lists the requirements for:

• near vision test charts• remote visual testing • illumination level requirements.

As in Section V, Article-9

American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities

• API 1104 (Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities) explicitly addresses radiographic

and visual testing.• Section 6 (A/R)

American Welding Society (AWS) Structural Welding Code

Buildings with structural steels have been designed and built according to the requirements of AWS D 1.1 (Structural Welding Code - Steel).

• AWS D1.1 uses the term “inspection” • Where the ASME document would use “examination” • ASNT document would use “testing”.

American Society for Non-destructive Testing(ASNT)

• ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A • Set of guidelines or recommendations for employers to establish and conduct a non-destructive testing personnel qualification and certification programme.

ISO or EN standards related to Visual Testing

• ISO 3057 2nd edition (1998) : Non-destructive testing – Metallographic replica techniques of

surface examination• EN 13927 (2003) : Non-destructive testing Visual testing Equipment• EN 13445-5 (2002) : Unfired pressure vessels• ISO 3058 2nd edition (1998) : Non-destructive

testing-aids to visual inspection-Selection of low-power magnifiers

• EN 12454 (1998) : Founding- Visual examination of surface discontinuities- Steel sand castings

general terms)

ISO or EN standards related to Visual Testing

• EN 1330-2 (1998) : Non-destructive testing – Terminology, (Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing method)• EN 1330-10 (1998) : Non-destructive testing Visual Examination -Terminology,• EN 1330-1 (1998) : Non-destructive testing – Terminology, (Part 1: List of Terminology)• EN 13018 (2001) : Non-destructive testing- Visual testing-General principles• EN 970 (1997) : Non-destructive examination of

fusion welds- Visual examination•

ISO or EN standards related to Visual Testing

• EN 12454 (198) : Founding- Visual examination of surface discontinuities- Steel sand castings• EN 1370 (1997) : Founding- Surface roughness inspection by visual tectile by visual tactile

comparators• ISO 5817 (1992) / BS EN 25817 (1992) : Arc-welded

joints in steel- Guidance on quality levels for imperfections• EN 10163-1 (2004) : Delivery requirements for

surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections (Part 1: General requirements)

ISO or EN standards related to Visual Testing

• BS EN 10163-2 (2004) : Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections (Part 2: Plate and wide flats)

• EN 10163-3 (2004) : Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections (Part 3: Sections)

• EN 13445-5 (2002) : Unfired pressure vessels (Part 5: Inspection and testing)

• EN 473 (2008) : Non-destructive testing – Qualification and certification of NDT personnel- General principles

ISO or EN standards related to Visual Testing

• ISO 9712 (2005) : Non-destructive testing- Qualification and Certification of Personnel

 

VT: General requirements

• Procedure• Procedure qualification• Personnel• Demonstration• Physical

VT: General requirements

INTERPRETATION OF PROCEDURES AND COMPILATION OF TEST INSTRUCTIONS

 • An individual certified to Level 3

• procedure writing • An individual certified to Level 2

•perform and direct non-destructive testing in accordance with established or recognized procedures.• Includes interpreting and evaluating results

• Person qualified to Level 1• Work according to the written Instructions by Level 2 or Level-3

PERFORMANCE OF TEST IN ACCORDANCE WITH WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS

 RECORDS OF OPERATING CONDITIONS ON TEST FORMS• The instruction sheet is derived from the procedure• Result recorded on test form• Report Form• Name of lab• code• Identification • stage, extent• Location of defect• date & place• Report No, inspector, client

INSTRUCTIONS FOR TESTING IN SPECIAL SITUATIONS

• RANGE OF APPLICATION OF THE TEST• EQUIPMENT • TECHNIQUE

VISUAL TESTING ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR WELDS

WELDS • ISO 5817 (1992) / EN 25817 (1992): Arc-welded joints in steel- Guidance on quality levels for imperfections

OTHER THAN WELDS • IWF-3000 of ASME B&PV Code Sec. XI, requirements for class 1, 2, 3, and MC components supports of light-water cooled plants• IWF-3000 is standards for examination evaluations. • IWF-3400 is acceptance standards for component support structural integrity.