Vehicle systemresearch at VTT

VTT Technical Research Centreof Finland Ltd

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Vision

• optical sensing• vehicle positioning• system evaluation• impact assessment• HMI design• control algorithms• driver monitoring• V2X communication• ITS services

Recognised to be the GLOBAL TOP 20 RESEARCHINSTITUTE IN THE FIELD OF AUTOMATED VEHICLES

BY 2020 in the selected areas:

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Automated driving competences

HUMAN CAPITALCore team 15 people (+ 100 people workingwith single sensors or other ITS technologies)Experience of over 400 projects at the ITS area15–25 journal articles and inventions per year

FACILITIESOn-board ITS platformITS LabFiat 500L instrumented vehicleVW Golf test vehicleInstrumented trailerRobotic ground vehicle

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Localisation of a vehicle

Cameras and laser scanners for relative positioningAccurate and dynamic map layersPlain or base station supported GPSVehicle odometryCooperative information sharing (object locations,roadworks etc) between vehicles and roadside unitsRelative positioning between two ITS G5 (802.11p)communication unit equip vehicles

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Detection of vulnerable road users

Integration of VRUs in the cooperative traffic systemsHumans detection in safety zones of moving work machines (harbour area,forest, road, etc.)Two alternatives: Thermal camera and 3D stereo visionSoftware for sensor fusion (cameras, laser scanners, etc.)Good performance in adverse outdoor conditions (smoke, fog, rain, snow, etc.)

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IcOR – Camera based road weather monitoring

Detection of slippery road andfrictionBoth roadside and in-vehicle unitsCamera pair and imageprocessing detects difference ofhorizontal and vertical lightpolarization and texture analysisground graininessMonitors icy or wet road in largeareas (e.g. whole intersection)In-vehicle unit is able to detectslippery road 30 m ahead of thevehicle

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Control architectures and algorithms

Navigation logic: route planning onaccurate maps, landmark use, collisionavoidance

Modular software and hardware design

Sensor data fusion platform

Enrich optical sensing opportunities:laser scanners, cameras, thermalcameras, stereo vision and radars

Robotic vehicle experiences

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Improving safety at rail crossings

Warning system for railwaycrossings

improve safety by warningroad users on theapproaching train

Cost-effectiveimplementation based onlocalisation and mobilecommunication

Possible to use differentdevices

Mobile phonesITS terminals (DSRC)Information displaysWarning lights

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IEEE802.11p radio in the harbour area

Collision warnings fordrivers based on situationawareness and dynamic riskassessment

IEEE 802.11p radios were usedto send position to thenearby vehicles

Developed a reflection stationsto maximise connectivity andto minimise radio traffic

Blue: direct connection between straddlecarriers

Orange: connection through static radio (C)

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Transportation infrastructure support

LOCAL DYNAMIC MAPS- Dynamic layers to the map data- Road topology information

LIVING OBJECT DETECTION- Thermal camera based system- Image processing for detecting livingobjects

ROAD WEATHER CAMERAS- 2 techniques: near-infrared andpolarisation

- Cost range: 1.5–20 kEur depending onaccuracy requirements

SENSOR DATA FUSION- Convert all infrastructure messagesto the ETSI TC ITS, CEN/TC 278compliant format

- Synchronizes the data sources

INFORMATION TOTHE VEHICLES ANDTRAFFICMANAGEMENTCENTRE

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testITS concept

Services• Test site handbook• Value chainstakeholders

R&D• Business opportunities• Key technologies• Pilot road maps

Internationalcooperation• With other European testsites

Users• Test subjects

Test site environment• Maintenance• Infra owners• User needs

Test site operation• Big traffic data• Innovative procurements• Go-to market gateway

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DRIVE-C2X field tests

System validation:SPITS, Helmond

User tests:Coop TS Finland, TampereSAFER, GöteborgsimTD, FrankfurtSCORE@F, YvelinesAutobrennero,Brennero-TrentoSISCOGA, Vigo

Coop TS FinlandTampere

HelmondSystem TS

SiscogaVigo

SCORE-FYvelines

AutobrenneroBrennero-Trento

simTD

Frankfurt

Test Site SwedenGothenburg

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Tampere cooperative test site

The test round 2 x 22 km3 vehicles and 50 test subjectsCooperative warnings:

Child warningSpeed limitsPedestrian zonesStop signsRoad worksBroken car

CommunicationsITS-G5 (IEEE802.11p)3G / LTE

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Communication performance testing

Quality of Service measurementusing Qosmet tool developed byVTTAlso used to test applicability ofC-ITS in VRU scenariosPossibility to select the mostoptimal transmission method(cellular vs ITS-G5)

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Near-infraredsensitive cameraActive laserilluminationVisibility distance50 – 200 m

Fog detection simulation

Fog index

Location

Road side unit

Fog and friction detection in Tampere test site

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C-ITS deployment and standardisation

VTT is involved in C-ITSplatform, coordinated byEuropean Commission

Addressed main barriers todeployment of C-ITS inEurope

Work on integration of VRUs inC-ITS applications

Development of architecturefor integration of VRUs inC-ITSVTT involved in ETSI studyon C-ITS for VRUs

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Evaluating impacts of intelligent transportsystems (ITS)

Field studiesmonitoring driver behavior withnew systems in real context indifferent traffic environments

Expert assessmentMethods and tools to providenumerical estimates of impactson traffic safetyScaling-up the results onEuropean level

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Evaluation indicators

Glance-behavior (duration, frequency)Speed behavior, including jerks, i.e. abrupt speed changesLateral & longitudinal position and variationsUse of car controlsTTC (time-to-collision), conflicts, interaction with other roadusers, including vulnerable road users (VRUs)Driver workload and other subjective measures such as usabilityof the systemDrivers’ comprehension of the functionality and limitations of thesystem in various driving situations

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Driving style analysis andfeedback

VTT’s driving style analysis based onIn-vehicle dataGPSTimestampRoad type and speed limitsRoad weather conditions

Simple feedback on mobile and detailedreports on web

Safe driving index and detailed reportEco-diving index (and report)Risk events on the map

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Driver monitoring - how we do it…

The camera based application for analysing driverbehaviour1. Attention mapping: Analyses of the driver

attention targets (road ahead, side mirror, radio,etc.)

2. Cognitive distraction: Driving patterns andgaze/head activity. Analysis if the driverconcentrates on the driving task

3. UFOV: Camera based online measurement ofuseful field of view of a vehicle driver

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Driver monitoring experiments

Algorithms has been created for monitoring driver’s activity and engagement to thedriving taskThe Cockpit Activity Assessment (CAA) module measures visual and cognitivedistraction level of a driverThe module has been evaluated in the Volvo’s truck and SEAT’s passenger carPerformance of cognitive distraction detection is 65-80% whereas visual one canbe detected up to 90% performance rateEvaluation tool of the large scale field operational tests of TeleFOT to assessimpacts of navigators to driving behaviour

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Studying human technology interaction (HTI)in traffic

Using new HMI in real context – driving in normal trafficenvironmentComparing different solutions, and driving with/without thesystemKey research questions / set-ups

Primary task (safe driving) versus secondary task (using of anydevice, application while driving)

Distraction: “eyes-off, hands-off, brains-off”Focus of attention, e.g. warnings of critical events – focusing on HTI orfocusing on e.g. other road usersTransition from automated to manual driving task

Interaction with other road users

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VTThas strong experience in ITS safetyresearchis competent in sensor technologyimplementationis impartial actor in evaluationhas knowledge concerning controlalgorithms, navigation and localisationhas experience in HMI and drivermonitoring research topicshas strong networks with the ITSstakeholders

Conclusions

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Matti KutilaSenior Project ManagerTel. +358 40 820 8334matti.kutila@vtt.fi

More information

www.vttresearch.com/services/sustainable-and-smart-city/transport/vehicle-systems

Merja PenttinenResearch Team LeaderTel. +358 40 554 6826merja.penttinen@vtt.fi

Karri RantasilaKey Account ManagerTel. +358 40 156 0107karri.rantasila@vtt.fi

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