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VULNERABILITIES OF THE VULNERABILITIES OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION IN POLAND. ELDERLY POPULATION IN POLAND.
CHANGES OF THE CHANGES OF THE NEEDS OF AN AGEING SOCIETYNEEDS OF AN AGEING SOCIETY. .
Alina PotrykowskaAlina Potrykowska
Institute of Geography and Spatial OrganizationInstitute of Geography and Spatial Organization
Polish Academy of SciencesPolish Academy of Sciences
00-818 Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, Poland00-818 Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, Poland
E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]
Demographic change and ageing Demographic change and ageing processes in Polandprocesses in Poland
Poland shows an ageing of the population as a result Poland shows an ageing of the population as a result of the increased longevity accompanied by decreased of the increased longevity accompanied by decreased
fertility.fertility. Ageing process is significant and will be acceleratingAgeing process is significant and will be accelerating in the coming decades.in the coming decades. Emergent consequences of that process, both Emergent consequences of that process, both social and economic evoke not only growing demand social and economic evoke not only growing demand for social and health cares,and education, but theyfor social and health cares,and education, but they also give older persons new position in family life and also give older persons new position in family life and
broader social structures.broader social structures.
Evolution of population in PolandEvolution of population in Poland
Population Dynamics, Poland 1950-2005
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
19501960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
19
50
=1
00 Ludność
ogółem Totalpopulation
Ludność wstarszymwieku Elderlypopulation
Population structure by sex, Poland, Population structure by sex, Poland, 1950-2005 (1950=100) 1950-2005 (1950=100)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
Mężczyźni ogółem Total population,Males
Mężczyźni wstarszym wiekuElderly population,Males
Kobiety ogółem Total population,Females
Kobiety w starszymwieku Elderlypopulation, Females
Population evolution by urban-rural status, Population evolution by urban-rural status, Poland, 1950-2005 (1950=100)Poland, 1950-2005 (1950=100)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
Ludność w miastachogółem Urbanpopulation
Ludność starsza wmiastach Urbanelderly population
Ludność na wsiogółem Ruralpopulation
Ludność starsza nawsi Rural elderlypopulation
Special Survey „Polish Old AgeSpecial Survey „Polish Old Age””
Survey „ Polish Old Age” was realized Survey „ Polish Old Age” was realized
by the Polish Society of Gerontologyby the Polish Society of Gerontology
in 2000. The survey has confirmed in 2000. The survey has confirmed
that health, economic and social that health, economic and social
positions of elderly people are positions of elderly people are
differentiated according to division differentiated according to division
into urban and rural areas.into urban and rural areas.
ELDERLY POPULATION IN POLAND , 2004 (NUTS 4, 3, 2)
KOBIETY
KOBIETY
MĘŻCZYŹN I
MĘŻCZYŹN I
MIASTA
WIEŚ
2003
2003
2004
2004
85i w ięcej
85i w ięcej
80-84
80-84
75-79
75-79
70-74
70-74
65-69
65-69
60-64
60-64
55-59
55-59
50-54
50-54
45-49
45-49
40-44
40-44
35-39
35-39
30-34
30-34
25-29
25-29
25-29
25-29
15-19
15-19
10-14
10-14
5-9
5-9
0-4
0-4
Elderly population in Poland will almostElderly population in Poland will almost
have doubled in 2050 have doubled in 2050(from16.6% in 2000 to 35.6% in 2050)(from16.6% in 2000 to 35.6% in 2050)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
% lu
dn
oś
ci w
wie
ku
po
pro
du
kc
yjn
ym
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
po
pu
lati
on
at
po
st-
wo
rkin
g a
ge
ogółem total
mężczyźni males
kobiety females
Old age dependency ratios and the inheritance index. Poland 2000-2050. (UN Projection, the most probable scenario) Year Population Population Old-age dependency Inheritance index aged 60+ aged 65+ ratio
(%) (%) Value 2000=100 Value 2000=100
2000 16.6 12.1 17.6 100 36.8 100 2010 18.8 13.0 18.0 102 36.8 100 2020 24.8 17.6 26.0 148 40.3 110 2030 27.2 21.4 33.3 189 39.5 107 2040 31.3 23.3 37.3 212 49.2 134 2050 35.6 27.9 50.0 281 64.5 175 ________________________________________________________
Old and child dependency ratios,Poland,Old and child dependency ratios,Poland, 1950-20051950-2005,,
Implications of the demographic changeImplications of the demographic change
The projected considerable increase inThe projected considerable increase in the percentage of old people will the percentage of old people will
dramatically affect the demographic dramatically affect the demographic dependency ratio over the 50-year horizon.dependency ratio over the 50-year horizon.
The threefold increase of this ratio is a The threefold increase of this ratio is a significant indication that the future will significant indication that the future will
see the problem of intergenerational equity.see the problem of intergenerational equity.
Special Survey „Facing Old Age”Special Survey „Facing Old Age”
„„Facing Old Age” is a sub-project ofFacing Old Age” is a sub-project of the INTERREG III C Programme realized the INTERREG III C Programme realized between the partner regions – the Silesianbetween the partner regions – the Silesian Voivodship , the federal state North Rhine-Voivodship , the federal state North Rhine- Westphalia and Nord-Pas de Calais. Westphalia and Nord-Pas de Calais. The project was led by the Regional Centre The project was led by the Regional Centre of Social Policy of Silesian Voivodship andof Social Policy of Silesian Voivodship and its partners: in Germany – Arbeiterwohlfahrtits partners: in Germany – Arbeiterwohlfahrt Unterbezirk Dortmund; in France – InstitutUnterbezirk Dortmund; in France – Institut Regional du Travail Social du Nord-Pas deRegional du Travail Social du Nord-Pas de Calais.Calais.
Conditions and needs of the ageing Polish societyConditions and needs of the ageing Polish society
- a shortage of forms of care, both in terms of - a shortage of forms of care, both in terms of services provided in places of residence and services provided in places of residence and
in establishments like hospitals, senior’s in establishments like hospitals, senior’s houses and within palliative care,houses and within palliative care,
- the need for professionalism of social workers - the need for professionalism of social workers and their insufficient number considering and their insufficient number considering
current and future needs,current and future needs,
- education is becoming an indispensable condition for - education is becoming an indispensable condition for intergenerational integration because the existent intergenerational integration because the existent
discrepancies between old and young people’s discrepancies between old and young people’s level of education often create a barrier that isolates level of education often create a barrier that isolates
seniors from their children and grandchildrenseniors from their children and grandchildren
Recommendations of the Government Recommendations of the Government Population Council in PolandPopulation Council in Poland
- improving health protection and access to medical - improving health protection and access to medical services as well as creating a system of supportservices as well as creating a system of support
in organizing independent life of the elderlyin organizing independent life of the elderly
- ensuring conditions for maintaining economic- ensuring conditions for maintaining economicindependence of the elderly personsindependence of the elderly persons
- creating a system which will favor adjustments of - creating a system which will favor adjustments of living conditions to senior’s financial possibilities living conditions to senior’s financial possibilities
and needsand needs
- maintaining social activity of the elderly through - maintaining social activity of the elderly through lifelong education, health education and voluntary lifelong education, health education and voluntary
workwork
- promoting positive attitudes towards old age and - promoting positive attitudes towards old age and the elderly; acting towards inter- and intra- the elderly; acting towards inter- and intra-
generational integration,generational integration,
- creating a system of preparation for old age in - creating a system of preparation for old age in terms of economic well-being, health, education, terms of economic well-being, health, education,
and keeping active,and keeping active,
- leading a coherent elderly-oriented old age policy- leading a coherent elderly-oriented old age policy