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Learning Theories and Integration Models
UNLPam - Practica Educativa II Students: Bessolo, Gabriela & Roldán, Soledad
Two main views on TEACHING and LEARNINGDirected instruction Constructivism Transmitted knowledge
Teacher-directed, systematic and structured
Critics: DI is rigid and teacher-centered
Constructed knowledge
Students participation generates their knowlegde
Critics: Constructivism is inefficient; unstructured and unsystematic
CONSTRUCTIVISMBased on cognitive science Focus on: STUDENT MOTIVATION RELEVANCE OF LEARNING
Prevent: INERT KNOWLEDGE FAILURE IN
TRANSFERENCE
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896 - 1934)Born in Orsha, Russian Empire, now Belarus.PHILOSOPHER and EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGIST
Theory characterized by: individual differences personal creativity influence of culture on learning
Main contributions
Cognitive development
Key ideas:SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Role of CULTURE and INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Interaction with SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE
INTERNALIZATION - APPROPIATION
Main contributions Levels of cognitive functioningKey ideas:Adult / Expert – Child / Novice
ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)
MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER (MKO)
SCAFFOLDING
ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)
Describes not the actual but the potential of human cognitive development.
Range of tasks beyond a child’s mastery that can be learned only with guidance/assistance of a more-skilled partner.
MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHER (MKO)
Takes up on the notion of SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE
Must have (or be programmed with) more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does
SCAFFOLDINGscaf fold ‧ countable]
1 a structure built next to a wall, for workers to stand on while they build, repair, or paint a building
2 (AmE) a structure that can be moved up and down to help people work on high buildings [= cradle (BrE)]
SCAFFOLDING“Building process”: Identify Ss’s level of development Teach taking into account Ss’s experiences Promote cognitive development
TemporaryIndividualizedFacilitating /Supporting
Goal: independent, self-regulated learner
SCAFFOLDINGMain advantagesMotivates child’s interest
Simplifies the task
Helps the child focus
Reduces frustration and risk
Implications for education1. Intended to develop children’s personalities
2. Should be designed to discover and develop creative potential in each individual
3. Assumes that students master their inner values through some personal activity
4. Teachers direct or guide the individual activities not forcing their will on them
5. Methods for learning correspond to individual development – cannot be uniform.
Implications for technology integration
Models of technology make use of concepts of:
Scaffolding Development of individual’s potential
Graphic examplesReal-life experiences relevant to individual
needs
e.g. Logo (computer programming language), virtual reality.