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Washington State Wine Overview
What is Washington wine?
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Washington State produces:•Premium wines of superior quality•Range of varieties•Distinctive character•Unique balance of Old World and New World
Global Perspective
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Global Wine Production• Italy – 19%• France – 18.5%• Spain – 13%• United States – 8%
U.S. Wine Grape Production• Washington – 50,000+ acres; 200,000 tons (est. 2013)• California – 543,000 acres; 4,000,000 tons
−Napa Valley - 45,500 acres
The US Wine Market
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228 Million U.S. Adults in 2012
The US Wine Market
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US Adult Wine Drinkers vs. Total Populations of other Wine Producing Countries
The US Wine Market
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Total Table Wine Consumption in U.S.
US Wine Industry - # of wineries
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A Brief History of WA Wine
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• Wine grapes first planted at Fort Vancouverin 1825
• Prohibition repealed in 1933• Dr. Walter Clore begins wine research at WSU
station in Prosser in 1937• Commercial-scale plantings began in the
1960s• Chateau Ste. Michelle founded in 1967• Washington State Wine Commission
established in 1987
Washington State Wine Today
9washingtonwine.org
• 800+ Wineries today−19 in 1981−170 in 2001−350+ in 2005
• 350+ Grape Growers• Approx. 12.5 mil cases produced
Phenomenal Growth
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Grapes Grown
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Loamy Fine Sand and Gravel
Loamy Sand and Gravel
Deep Coarse Loamy Sand
Basalt Bedrock
Wind-Deposited Sandy Loam
Dark Silt Loam with Sand
Calcium Carbonate
Deep Silt Loam
Basalt Bedrock
Critical Acclaim from Wine SpectatorCritical Acclaim from Wine Spectator
Percent of 90+ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 AverageScoresCalifornia 30 29 40 35 28 32France 38 41 41 46 42 42Italy 34 35 32 35 32 34Oregon 37 49 46 48 41 44Washington44 50 50 47 44 47
Price for 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Average90 point wineCalifornia $64 $74 $71 $76 $81 $73France $100 $96 $78 $90 $94 $92Italy $69 $55 $67 $72 $71 $67Oregon $50 $48 $48 $49 $48 $49Washington$42 $41 $44 $43 $43 $43
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Washington’s Growing Reputation
13washingtonwine.org
For those consumers trading down from Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon priced from $50-$100:
Washington State
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Washington’s 13 AVAs
15washingtonwine.org
Yakima Valley
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Walla Walla Valley
Spring Valley Vineyard
Columbia Valley
Sagemoor Vineyard
Red Mountain
Horse Heaven Hills
The Benches Vineyard
Snipes Mountain
Columbia Gorge
Celilo Vineyard
Puget Sound
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Washington State Primer
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• Geography
• Geology
• Viticulture
Northerly Latitude
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Rain Shadow Effect
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240”
35-40” 15’ Snow 6-10”
Rain Shadow Effect
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Average Annual Rainfall
• Napa Valley: 25” - 35”• Bordeaux: 20” - 30”• Columbia Valley: 6” – 10”
Heat Accumulation
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Average Growing Degree Days
Rapid Cooling
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Mean Temperature by Month
Diurnal Shift
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Warm Day Time Temps
+Chilly Night Time
Temps=
Mature phenolics and balanced acidity
Washington State Primer
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Geography
• Geology
• Viticulture
Geology of the Northwest
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What makes the Northwest such a special and unique place to grow grapes?
•Volcanos•Floods•Winds
Active Volcanic Area
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Basalt Foundation
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Columbia Valley area lava seam caused one of the fastest lava flows earth has seen (30 million years ago)
…sheer weight created the valley!
Cascade Range volcanoes contributed
Subsoil strata: Basalt
Missoula Floods
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Missoula Floods
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Missoula Floods
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Persistent Wind
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Effects:
• Decreases shoot growth, producing smaller canopies
• Reduces berry size• Reduces disease pressures• Reduces photosynthesis, which may prolong
harvests
Washington State Primer
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Geography
Geology
• Viticulture
Pests & Disease in Washington
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• Soil types are not conducive for pests
• Winter Freeze kills many pests
• Arid temps and wind help control development of fungal diseases (less need for spray)
• Allows for planting on natural rootstock!
Ample Water Supply
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Columbia River
•Fourth-largest river by volume in the US,largest flowing into the Pacific Ocean•Drainage basin of the Columbia and its tributaries is roughly the size of France, covering seven US states
Washington State Primer
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Geography• Northerly Latitude = More Sunlight• Rain Shadow = Dry Climate
Geology• Volcanos + Floods = Diverse Soils• Columbia River Basin = Ample Water Supply
Viticulture• Unique Soils = Distinctive Character• Own-Rooted Vines = Varietal Correctness
Thank You!
washingtonwine.org