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Energy from WasteEnergy from Waste

By Eng. :By Eng. :ALI F.ALIALI F.ALI


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It is generating energy from wasteIt is generating energy from waste

What is waste-to-energy?What is waste-to-energy?


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Energy from Waste can make an important contribution

towards sustainable development as a source of renewableenergy:

Municipal Solid Wastes contain biomass and can beused as a fuel

use waste to generate electricity, heat or both

The heat recovered from waste incineration can be usedto generate electricity, or for industrial heat applications


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Economy

Environment

If so,why we do not use Renewable

energ on very large scale?


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Actual Economy/Environment Choices

Less Cost / widget More

Less

Pollut i

on/widget

More

Cost Up

Pollution UpNo Interest

Cost down

Pollution upDisrupts environment

Cost up

Pollution down

Disrupts Economy

Cost Down

Pollution Down

Win-Win


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JUST BURN IT!


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can burn garbage in special plants and use its heat energyto make steam to heat buildings or to generate electricity

.This may sound amazing, but it is really nothing new. Morethan half of electric power companies already burn anothertype of solid material to make electricity. That material is

coal

Coal is a mineral that was formed from the remains ofplants that died millions of years ago.

Power companies use the heat energy in coal to makeelectricity.


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GARBAGE energy


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WHY BURN GARBAGE?


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Waste-to-energy plants generate enough electricityto supply 2.4 million households

providing electricity is not the major advantage ofwaste-to-energy plants.

In fact, it costs more to generate electricity at a waste-to-nergyplant than it does at a coal, nuclear, or hydropower plant

The major advantage of burning waste is that it reduces the

amount of garbage we bury in landfills.Burning waste substantially reduces the amount of trash goingto landfills. Waste-to-energy plants dispose of the waste of 40

million people.

reducing the use of fossil fuels by producing renewableenergy for the National Grid


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Why is reducing the amount of wasteburied in landfills ?


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Burning garbage releases the chemicals andsubstances found in the waste

Some chemicals can be dangerous to people, theenvironment

cutting emissions of greenhouse gasses

waste-to-energy plants produce air pollution


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TheTheProblemProblem


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Pollution of land, water and airemission ofdioxinNon-availability of land for landfills

Increasing cost of transportation

BulkyDisagreeable (visual, mell,)Health risks (epidemic)


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WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS


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work very much like coal-fired power plants. Thedifference is the fuel. Waste-to-energy plants usegarbagenot coalto fire an industrial boiler. Thesame steps are used to make electricity in a waste-to-

energy plant as in a coal-fired power plant:

1. The fuel is burned, releasing heat.2. The heat turns water into steam.

3. The high-pressure steam turns the blades of aturbine generator to produce electricity.4. A utility company sends the electricity along powerlines to homes, schools, and businesses.


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can think of garbage as a mixture of energy-richfuels In 100 pounds of typical garbage, more than

80 pounds

can be burned as fuel to generate electricity at apower plant.Those fuels include paper, plastics, and yard wasteA ton of garbage generates about 525 kilowatt-

hours (kWh) of electricity

energy to heat a typical office building for one day.

TRASH BURNED IN WASTE TO ENERGY PLANTS


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TRASH BURNED IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS


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ENERGY FROM WASTE

Potential of power generation

Urban and Municipal Wastes : 1000 MW

Industrial Wastes : 700 MW(Dairy, Distillery, Press Mud, Tannery, Pulp & Paper and Food Processing Industries)

TOTAL : 1700 MW


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Number of Plants and Capacity

Number of plants

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Austria*

Belgium*

Denma

rk

France

Germany

GreatBritain*

Hunga

ry

Italy*

Netherland

Norwa

y*

Portug

al

Spa

in

Sweden

Switzerland


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Energy production

Energy production 1999

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

45 000

Austria*

B

elgium*

D

enmark

France

Germany

GreatBritain*

H

ungary

Italy*

Netherland

Norway*

P

ortugal

Spain

S

weden

Switzerland

TJ

Heat Electricity


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FUEL

FUELWASTE

ELECTRICITY 33%

67%

ELECTRICITY

STEAM

WASTE

30%45%

25%

What is Combined

Heat and Power?


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Combined Heat and Power

End User

Site

Fuel

100

units

Pollution

Waste

Heat

Recovery

CHP Plant

=66 units

Useful

Work33 units

Electricity

33 units

Thermal

Energy

33 units

Waste

Energy


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End User

Site

Finished Goods

Waste

Energy

Industrial Energy Options

Energy

Recycling

Plant

Electricity

Steam

Hot Water

Saved

Energy Input

Electricity

Process

Fuel


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The Eco Cycle Society


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Waste amount treated

Waste quantity 1999

0

2 000 000

4 000 000

6 000 000

8 000 000

10 000 000

12 000 000

14 000 000

Aus

tria*

Belg

ium*

Denmark

Fr

ance

Germany

GreatBr

itain*

Hungary

Italy*

Nethe

rland

Nor

way*

Por

tugal

S

pain

Sw

eden

Switze

rland

tonnes


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Amounts of Waste Incinerated

Waste quantity per capita 1999

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Austria*

Belgium*

Den

mark

France

Ger

many

GreatB

ritain*

Hu

ngary

Italy*

Netherland

No

rway*

Po

rtugal

Spain

Sw

eden

Switze

rland

kg/cap

ita


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emissions from waste


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cumulative dioxin emissions from WTE plants in 2000

each point represents the emissions of

a single plant, in grams


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The distribution of dioxin sources in the US

in recent years, showing how waste-to-energy ceased to be

a major contributor of dioxin emissions


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Health effects associated with dioxinexposure

Chloracne and other skin disorders;

Disrupts liver and kidney function;Alters hormone levels: thyroid, testosterone andestrogen;

Reproductive effects: altered sex ratio, reducedfertility;

Birth defects: hypospadias;Endometriosis


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Mercury emissions from WTE (1989-1999) and coal-fired

power plants


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Dioxin to air from W-t-E


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What is hazardous waste ?

Main hazardous properties available for treatedwood waste

H6 : very toxic, or containing very toxicsubstances at a total C 0,1%, or toxic, orcontaining toxic substances at a total C 3%H5 : harmful, or containing harmful

substances at a total C 25%H14: ecotoxic (not yet specificed)


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AnyQuestion!!!!


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Thank you for listening!

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