WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABORSource: Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 8, No. 2 (FEBRUARY, 1919), pp. 145-191Published by: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of LaborStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41827427 .

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WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR.

ORDERS AFFECTING WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT OF EMPLOYEES OF UNITED STATES CONTROLLED TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.

WAGE INCREASES FOR EMPLOYEES.

In an order issued. hy the Postmaster General early in the year, effective on January 1, 1919, a general wage increase is granted to employees (except at nonfunctional offices) in all departments of the telegraph systems now under Government control. The order fbccs maximum and minimum salaries ranging from $200 down to $40 per month, and provides for overtime pay of employees in nonfunctional offices. The text of the order is as follows:

On and after January 1, 1919, the salarie of all employees of all departments of the telegraph systems under Government control, except at nonfunctional offices, shall be increased as follows:

Employees who on January 1, 1919, had been in the service continuously for six months and not more than one and a half years, 5 per cent.

Employees who on January 1, 1919, had been in the service continuously for more than one and a half years, 10 per cent.

These percentage increases shall not apply to premium rates nor to premium earnings. The increases as above to be reckoned on the salaries in effect as of December 31, 1918.

No increase shall serve to advance any individual salary to more than $200 per month, or to apply in cases or to any extent where its application would result in an increase of more than $35 per month since January 1, 1918.

No increase in the traffic department forces to increase any individual salary classified below beyond the limit set out therein as a maximum monthly rating; and additional amounts will be added to individual salary rates where the percentage increase above does not raise the salary to the minimum monthly rating specified for the particular classification* Maxi- Mini- mum. mum. Assistant chief operator $200 $90 Wire chief 200 90 Night wire chief 190 90 Late night wire chief 1 90 90 Assistant wire chief 185 90 Testboard attendant 175 90 Automatic chiefs 185 90 Automatic attendants 175 70 Repeater chief 185 90 Repeater attendants 175 90 Equipment chiefs 175 90 Equipment attendants 150 60 Typewriter attendants 100 50

[4G3] 145



146 MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW.

Maxi- Mini- mum. mum. Dynamo and battery attendants 110 60 Janitors 75 25 Elevator men 75 25 Morse supervisor 175 90 C. N. D. supervisor 175 90 Automatic supervisor 125 75 Telephone supervisor 125 75 Morse operators 160 70 Multiplex and printer operators 105 55 C. N. D. keyboard operators ]05 55 Telephone operators 105 55 Route clerks 100 40 Tube clerks 100 40 Service clerks 100 50 File clerks 90 40 Office messengers, T. & R 60 35 Claim clerks 100 50 Time clerks 100 50 Statistical clerks 100 50 Clerks (not otherwise classified ) 100 50 Chief clerks 150 60 T. & R. clerks 100 50

Increases are not to be regarded as applying to those whose regular occupation is with other concerns and whose occupation with the telegraph companies is classed as "other employment employees."

Employees at nonfunctional offices to be paid at their regular salary rating for hours worked in excess of 8 up to a maximum of 10 hours per day. For extra service in excess of 10 hours per day, time and a half to be paid.

Whenever the increased compensation of nonfunctional employees with respect of time worked in excess of 8 but not in excess of 10 hours per day is less than the amount he or she would receive at the percentage increase for his or her class provided for functional office employees, the basic compensation shall be increased to an amount sufficient to make up the difference.

Employees who are engaged on Sunday shall be paid at the regular rates of compensation described above or be granted compensatory time during the following week as he or she may elect.

The above increases shall not apply to employees known as messengers. The above increases are made after a careful investigation of a petition filed by the

employees of one of the telegraph companies through its officers, who recommended that certain increases be made, l he Department feels that the telegraph employees are entitled to an increase, but revenue conditions at this time would not justify these increases hereby authorized, unless by a careful plan oř elimination of waste incident to duplication and by effecting other economies which will not impair the efficiency of the service, the revenue conditions can be made to meet such increases. Believing that this can be done, the order for such increases is accordingly issued.

OPEN-SHOP POLICY.

Some misunderstanding having arisen as to the attitude of the Government on the matter of the employment of union and nonunion men, the Postmaster General in the following order (Order

[464]



MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. 147

No. 2067) has taken the position that the Government "rrill not distinguish between nonunion and union men:" To all telegraph and telephone companies: Information has reached the department that representations are being made through-

out the country that it is the desire of the Government that employees of the telegraph and telephone companies should join the Commercial Telegraphers Union, the Inter- national Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, or other unions. These representations have no foundation in fact whatever. In its operation of the telegraph and telephone systems the Post Office Department will not distinguish between nonunion, and union employees. Persons will be employed solely because of their fitness for the positions to which they seek employment and must not be employe:1., discharged, favored, or discriminated against because they do or do not belong to any particular organization.

Officers and employees of the telegraph and telephone systems will comply strictly with the provisions of this order.

A. S. BURLESON, Postmastei • General.

VACATIONS WITH PAY FOR TELEGRAPH EMPLOYEES. Provision has been made by the Postmaster General, effective

January 1, 1919, for the granting of annual vacations to employees of the telegraph companies, with pay at their regular ratings as follows: All regularly assigned employees who have been in the service of the company

continuously for two years or more shall receive two weeks' vacation, and those who have been in the service continuously for one year shall receive one week's vacation.

Unassigned employees without other employment who have worked for the company the equivalent of full time for the periods given above shall also receive vacations subject to the same regulations as the regularly assigned employees.

The telegraph business being a seasonal one, vacation schedules shall necessarily be arranged to meet the local conditions. It will not be expedient to arrange vacations for all during the so-called vacation season, hence vacations must be taken when assigned, regardless of the season.

These vacations are intended for rest and recreation, and employees are not ex- • pected to engage in other employment during such vacations. Vacations can not be transferred in whole or in part to other employees and shall be taken during the year in which they are due. They can not be saved up from year to year and thereby extended into a longer period. If for any reason the vacation is not taken, no additional compensation will be allowed.

RECENT WAGE AWARDS BY NATIONAL ADJUSTMENT COMMISSION.

The National Adjustment Commission, which adjusts and con- trols wages, hours, and conditions of labor in the loading and unloading of vessels both in coastwise service and deep-sea service, recently announced two awards- one affecting the wage scale for licensed deck and engine-room officers in the Atlantic and Gulf service, and the other applicable to men engaged in the loading and unloading of cotton and tobacco at the various ports of the Gulf district. In the former case the new scale is the largest ever paid for those positions in this or any other country, but the advanced compensation has

1465]




been awarded in recognition of the increased cost of living. In this case the petitioning parties were the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association; American Association of Masters, Mates, and Pilots; Ocean Association of Marine Engineers; and Neptune Association of Masters, Mates, and Pilots. Other parties interested were the United States Shipping Board; American Steamship Association; American Steamship Licensed Officèrs' Association, (Inc.) ; and owners and operators of ocean-going steamships in the Atlantic and Gulf service. The award became effective on January 1, 1919.

WAGE SCALE FOB. LICENSED DECK AND ENGINE-ROOM OFFICERS. Petitions having been received from the above-named petitioning parties for the

abolition of bonuses, readjustment of wages and reclassification of vessels, the matter was left for decision by agreement to a special committee consisting of a representative of the licensed officers appointed by the Secretary of Labor, a representative of the American Steamship Association and an impartial chairman appointed by the Ship- ping Board.

Owing to the fact that the armistice was signed after the agreement for this arbitration had been made, an honest difference of opinion has arisen between the members of this board as to the extent to which the terms of this award shall be mandatory on American vessels.

This board is unanimous, however, in its decision that this award shall be mandatory on all vessels owned or under requisition by the United States Shipping Board.

Owing to the continued urgent national necessity in relation to shipping, this board is also unanimous in urging on all private owners and operators of vessels not requisi- tioned that the wages set in this award shall be voluntarily paid by them in order that the conditions in this industry may continue stable and the possibility of any interruption in the traffic may be avoided.

After full hearing granted to all the parties on December 4. 1918, commission makes the following award:

1. The classes of vessels upon which wages shall be based are as follows:1 Class A - Single screws, over 20,001 power tons; twin screws, over 15,001 power

tons; Class B - Single screws, 12,001 to 20,000 power tons; twin screws, 9,001 to 15,000 power tons; Class C - Single screwfe, 7,501 to 12,000 power tons; twin screws, 5,501 to 9,000 power tons; Class D - Single screws, 5,001 to 7,500 power tons: twin screws, 3.501 to 5,500 power tons; Class E - Single screws, below 5,001 power tons; twin screws, below 3.501 power tons.

2. The wages for licensed officers shall be as follows: WAGE SCALE FOR LICENSED OFFICERS OF THE DECK AND ENGINE DEPARTMENTS.

Licensed officers . Class A. Class B. Class C. Class D . Class E.

Masters $375.00 $337.50 $325.00 $312.50 $300.00 Chief engineer 287.50 268.75 250.00 231.25 212.50 First officers and first assistant engineers 206.25 200.00 193.75 187.50 181.25 Second officers and second assistant engineers 187. 50 181. 25 175. 00 168. 75 162. 50 Third officers and third assistant engineers 168.75 162.50 156.25 150.00 143.75 Fourth officers and fourth assistant engineers 150.00 143.75 Junior engineers 125.00

3. The above rates are flat and do not contemplate the payment of bonuses in any form whatsoever.

i The figures in this classification are inclusive. [466]




4. The above rates shall constitute a single universal scale applicable to licensed officers on steamships plying from Atlantic and Gulf ports and shall include coastwise, West Indies, South American, and trans- Atlantic services.

5. The above rates shall become effective for all licensed officers signing on, on and after January 1, 1919. and shall remain in full force and effect until May 1, 1919, and shall be subject to revision at any time thereafter upon the termination of 30 days after written notice served by any one of the interested parties to the United States Shipping Board at Washington, D. C.

6. In issuing this award the commission has had in mind the conditions which have developed subsequent to the signing of the armistice, including that fact that the wages herein set are for a period of change and readjustment both internally and internationally. The commission has felt that during this period of readjustment in which there seems to be no immediate prospect of reduction in the cost of living that the present rate of compensation paid in the coastwise service should not be diminished but should be made universal for all services from Atlantic and Gulf ports. The commission has further felt that in view of the action of the Shipping Board abolishing the payment of bonuses to all members of the crew other than licensed officers it should also abolish that extra compensation which was paid for trans-Atlantic war zone risk. It has accordingly set a rate which does away with that part of the extra war risk compensation which was formerly paid for war zone voyages in excess of what was paid for voyages in the coastwise service. The commission was also of opinion that wage increases which might have been favorably considered during conditions of warfare would not now be warranted, owing to the unsettled conditions following cessation of hostilities. NEW WAGE SCALE FOR MEN ENGAGED IN LOADING AND UNLOADING VESSELS.

The award applicable to men engaged in loading and unloading cotton and tobacco at various ports of the Gulf district is the result of a petition by the International Longshoremen's Association and affiliated locals of screwmen employed as above noted, the other parties interested in the adjustment being deep-sea steamship companies and contracting stevedores at the ports of the Gulf district. The text of the award, which takes effect as of November 11, 1918, is as follows:

The question of readjustment of wages and working conditions of men engaged in the loading and unloading of cotton and tobacco at the various ports of the Gulf district was considered by the National Adjustment Commission at meetings convening at New Orleans, La., October 30, 1918, and reconvening October 31, 1918, and after hearing the parties and their testimony the commission awards with respect to deep- water vessels as follows:

The commission find no such uniformity of conditions as to warrant the estab- lishment of uniform wages and working conditions for men engaged in the loading and unloading of cotton and tobacco throughout the Gulf district beyond the estab- lishment of a basic eight-hour day, which is hereby established.

It is awarded that in other respects wages and working conditions shall remain the same at Galveston in accordance with agreements now in force in that port, with instructions that the obligation and terms of employment of the men shall include putting on the hatches.

The above award shall take effect as of November 11, 1918, and shall remain in effect until and including September 30, 1919, unless the National Adjustment Com- mission of its own Motion upon grounds of national policy shall sooner reopen and modify the terms thereof.

U67]




It is also awarded that so long as working conditions remain the same as at present at the port of New Orleans, the tariff shall be at the rate of $36 per gang of 5 men per day, regular time. The commission, however, finds that many of the terms and conditions prescribed in the agreement now in force are objectionable in that they tend to induce unreasonable interruption and curtailment of work, and hereby directs that the revision of the agreement be considered by all parties, acting through duly accredited committees, under the direction and subject to the approval of the New Orleans Ixx-al Adjustment Commission, with right of appeal to the National Adjust- ment Commission, and that if the parties can not agree, the matter of the revision of said agreement be taken up by the New Orleans Local Adjustment Commission.

WAGE INCREASE FOR CERTAIN WIRELESS OPERATORS. A special commission authorized by the United States Shipping

Board has made an award affecting wireless operators on vessels operating from Atlantic and Gulf ports, effective January 1, 1919, as follows:

In the matter referred to the undersigned commission 1 by the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co., certain owners of vessels using radio equipment, the Marconi Radio Telegraphers' Association, and the United States Shipping Board, the commission has unanimously reached the following decision:

Wages to be paid wireless operators on vessels operated from Atlantic and Gulf ports, effective January 1, 1919:

All chief operators, $110; all assistant operators, §85. There are to be no trans-Atlantic or coastwise bonuses. There are to be no sliding

scales.

METHOD OF COMPUTING WAGES OF RAILROAD EMPLOYEES FIXED BY DIRECTOR GENERAL.

In order to make clear the method to be followed by the Railroad Administration in computing the wages of railroad employees whose pay was increased by provisions of Supplement No. 8 3 to General Order No. 27, the Director General has issued an interpretation (No. 1), the full text of which is as follows:

Overtime Monthly, Weekly, or Daily Paid Employees. Article I. - Eight consecutive hours, exclusive of the meal period, constituting a

day's work from the effective date of Supplement No. 8 to General Order No. 27, the increases provided for therein and applicable to monthly, weekly, and daily paid employees specified in Article I, paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (h), and Article II of Supplement No. 8, are based upon the recognized number of working days constituting a calendar year (including Sundays and (or) holidays where they have been considered a part of the employees assignment), and the rates of pay in effect January 1, 1918, prior to the application of General Order No. 27, exclusive of overtime. The following examples illustrate the method to be used in establishing the straight- time hourly rate as the basis of payment for overtime service:

Example (a): Employees working 30 days per month on the monthly, weekly, or daily basis, at a wage amounting to $85 per month on January 1, 1918, prior to the 1 This commission was composed of Robert I'. Bass, chairman; Franklin D. Mooney, and Wm. S. Brown. < The provisions of Supplement No. 8 are given in the Monthly Labor Review for October, 1918

(pp. 135-138). [468]




application of .General Order No. 27, would on. September 1, 1918, under Supplement No. 8, Article I (a), automatically advance to the basic rate of $90 per month, plus $25 increase, establishing- the rate of $115, or $1,380 per year. In computing the pro- rata rate per hour for overtime pay for monthly, weekly, or daily paid employees, take the number of working days« constituting a calendar year, multiply by 8 and divide the annual salary by the total hours, exclusive of overtime and disregarding time absent on vacations, sick leave, holidays, or for any other cause. In determin- ing the hourly rate, fractions less than one-fourth of 1 cent shall be as one-fourth of 1 cent; over one-fourth and under one-half, as one-half cent; over one-half and under three-fourths, as three-fourths; over three-fourths, as 1 cent.

Example (b). - Yearly wage, $1,380-^-2,880 hours=40. 97, or 41 cents per hour. Example (c>. - Yearly wage, $1,500-^2,880 hours=52.1, or 52.25 cents per hour.

• Example (d). - Yearly wage, $1 ,.£00-^-2, 880 hours=62.5 cents per hour. Example (e). - Yearly wager $2,100-^2,880 hours=72.91, or 73 cents per hour. Example (f). - Yearly wage,. $24,000^-2,880 hours =83. 33, or 83.5 cents per hour. Note. - It is to be understood that 2,380 hours is illustrative only; the hours per

year will vary as the assigned work days in a year vary. Art. II. - On February 21, 1918, the Director General issued General Order No. 8r

paragraph 3 thereof reading as follows: "The broad question of wages and hours will be passed upon and reported to tha

Director General as promptly as possible by the present railroad wage commission. Pending a disposition of these matters by the Director Generál, all requests of employees involving revision of schedules of general changes in conditions affecting wages and hours will be held in abeyance by both the managers and employees. Wages, when determined upon, will be made retroactive to January 1, 1918, and adjusted accordingly. Matters of controversy arising under"interpretations of existing wage agreements and other matters not relating to wages and hours, will take their usual course, and in the event of inability to reach a settlement, will be referred to the Director General."

If employees coming within the scope of Supplement No. 8 to General Order No. 27 were paid a punitive rate for overtime after the regulai' day's work, Sundays, and on holidays prior to February 21, 1918, the same conditions should apply on the eight- hour basis. Any punitive overtime rate established for employees under this interpretation since February 21, 1918, except as established by the Director General, is unauthorized and can not be recognized.

Example (a): Employees working 10 hours per day January 1, 1918, prior to the application of General Order No. 27, and who were, prior to February 21, 1918. paid at the rate of time and one-half time for overtime, should be paid as follows:

8 a. m. to 12 noon. 4 hours' work; 12 noon to 1 p. m., 1 hour for meal excluded; 1 p. m. to 5 p. m.. 4 hours' work; 5 p. m. to 7 p. m., 2 hours, at rate of time and one- half time. Elapsed time, 11 hours. Time for meal, 1 hour deducted. Overtime, 2 hours. Total time to be paid for, 11 hours.

Example (b): Overtime commences immediately following the eighth consecutive hour of continuous service after deducting the meal period.

On the basis of pro rata time for the ninth and tenth hour: 8 a. m. to 12 noon, 4 hours' work; 12 noon to 1 p. m.. 1 hour for meal excluded; 1 p. m. to 5 p. m., 4 hours' work; 5 p. m. to 7 p. m., 2 hours overtime, pro rata rate; 7 p. m. to 9 p. m., 2 hours overtime, one and one-half times pro rata rate. Elapsed

time , 13 hours. Time for meal , 1 hour deducted. Continuous service . 12 horn's. Total time to be paid for, 13 hours.

Example (c): Employees working straight through 8 consecutive hours: 6 a. m. to 2 p. m.. 8 hours' work; 2 p. m. to 4 p. m.. 2 hours' overtime, pro rata

rate; 4 p. m. to 6 p. m., 2 hours' overtime* one and one-half times pro rata rate. Elapsed time, 12 hours. Continuous service, 22 hours. Total time to be paid for, 13 hours.

[469}




Hourly Rates.

Art. III. The employees coming under the provisions of paragraphs (e), (f), and (g) of Article I of Supplement No. 8 to General Order No. 27, who were on January 1, 1918, prior to the application of General Order No. 27, paid on a basis of 10 hours or more to constitute a day, for whom hourly rates have been established as per the above-specified paragraphs, shall, on and after September 1. 1918, the effective date of Supplement No. 8, receive one-eighth of the wages received for 10 hours on January 1, 1918, prior to the application of General Order No. 27, as their basic hourly rate, to which shall be added 13 cents per hour for the employees coming under the provisions of paragraphs (e) and (f), observing the minimum rate; and 12 cents per hour for the employees coming under the provisions of paragraph (g), provided the hourly rate thus obtained shall not exceed the maximum rate of 40 cents per hour.

Example (a): Employees coming under the provisions of Article I (e), on a 10-hour basis, rate $3.75 per day; one-eighth of 375 equals 46.87, or 47 cents per hour, adding the increase of 13 cents per hour, produces a rate of 60 cents per hour. The same method of procedure will apply to the employees coming under the

provisions of Article I (f). Example (b): Employees coming under the provisions of Article I (g), on a 10-hour

basis, rate $2.35 per day; one-eighth of 235 equals 29.37, or 29.5 cents per hour, adding the increase of 12 cents per hour, produces a rate of 41.5 cents per hour, the rate would revert, to the maximum of 40 cents.

Note. - To determine the hourly rate to be paid employees on the hourly basis and for whom 10 hours or more were the established hours of service, use the method and examples (a) and (b).of above Article III, for both classes working less than -10 hours and over 8 hours, one-eighth . of the wage received for the number of hours recognized as a day's work.

Pay for Calls.

Art. IV. Employees who are notified or called to work outside the 8 consecutive hours, exclusive of the meal period and continuous service, constituting their regular assignment, shall be paid a minimum allowance of 3 hours for 2 hours' work or less; if held over 2 hours, time and one-half time will be paid, computed on the minute basis.

Example (a): 8 a. m. to 12 noon, 4 hours' work; 12 noon to 1 p. m., 1 hour for meàl excluded;

1 p. m. to 5 p. m., 4 hours' work; 6 p. m. to 7.30 p. m., 1J hours overtime, one and one-half times pro rata rate. Elapsed time, 11J hours. Time for meal, 1 hour. Break in continuous service, 1 hour. Time for call, 3 hours, minimum guarantee; Total time to be paid for, 11 hours.

Art. V. Exclusive of employees whose regular assignment includes Sundays and (or) holidays, employees notified or called to work on Sundays and (or) holidays will be paid not less than the minimum allowance of 3 hours, and where no existing agreement or practice is more favorable, such employees will be paid as per examples (a) and (b) of Article II. Art. VI. Payment of overtime at a rate in excess of pro rata ̂frill be computed

fron^. and added to the pro rata rate. Art. VII. Unless acceptable to a majority of employees in a department or subdi-

vision thereof, the meal period shall not be less than 30 minutes or more than 1 hour. Art. VIII. Where unjustifiable inequalities develop or exist in the rates of pay

for relatively the same service and responsibility, as between employees of the same class within the respective groups, as specified in Supplement No. 8 to General Order No. 27, the regional directors are hereby authorized to establish uniform rates of pay by zones or districts throughout their respective regions, under the following conditions:

[470]




(a) The maximum rates established by Supplement No. S to General Order No. 27 must not be exceeded (note exception in (d) following).

(b) Rates established by Supplement No. 8 to General Order No. 27 must liot be reduced.

(c) The specified differentials in the established maximum rates for hourly workers to be preserved.

(d) Where differentials in wage rates existed for common labor in favor of tunnel gangs and tunnel and elevated common labor, such differentials should be maintained, but in no case extended to create a greater differential than heretofore existed.

(e) All rates herein provided for shall be filed by the regional directors with the board of railroad wages and working conditions.

HOURS AND OUTPUT IN THE WOOL INDUSTRY.1 The investigation on which this report is based covered 126 estab-

lishments, in 13 different States, with a total of 91,230 employees, the data being obtained partly from schedules filled out by the establishments and partly through visits of field agents to the mills. In addition to data concerning hours the report contains a detailed description of the major processes of wool manufacturing, with reference to fatigue and the health hazard of operatives. It contains, also, some discussion of general features of the wool industry, such as hours, wages, and the extent to which the machine domi- nates the worker.

At the time of the investigation, there was a striking uniformity of hours in the woolen industry. In 90 per cent of the establishments included, the work hours were from 54 to 56 per week. "Only about 5 per cent of the workers were in establishments where the weekly schedule was less than 54 hours ; less than 5 per cent were in establishments where it exceeded 56 hours." With but one exception all of the 126 establishments observed the Saturday half holiday. This practically universal observance, however, did not indicate an equally universal satisfaction with the arrangement:

Some employers were in favor of a readjustment by which the daily schedule would be lengthened on five days of the week, with a full Saturday off. One reason for this was that the Saturday half holiday tends to give an unduly high cost of production for Saturday morning work.

Reports were received from 85 establishments as to output following a reduction in hours. Many of these reductions had taken place some years ago. "Approximately three-fifths of the reported reductions in hours occurred in 1912 and 1913; a considerable number of establishments, however, made reductions in 1916 and 1917." In the majority of cases, the information was given in the form of statements reflecting the judgment of the respective manufacturers as based upon experience. In 13 cases, establishments supplied 1 Hours of work as related to output and health of workers. Wool Manufacturing. Research Report No. 12, December, 1918. National Industrial C onference Board. Boston. 09 pp.

[471]




statistical comparisons of output before and alter the reduction in hours. In the general tabulation no distinction is made between the returns from these two groups of establishments.

For the 85 establishments from which reports were received concerning changes in output and hours, the following table shows the situation: CHANGES IN OUTPUT ACCOMPANYING REDUCTION IN HOURS OF WORK, IN 8 5

ESTABLISHMENTS, BY HOUR GROUPS.

Proluction main- Production 1 reduction decmied decreased. tained or increased.* Production 1 reduction decmied decreased.

Hours reduced to- Num- Kitw% Hours reduced to- Num-j v Pre- ber of Pre- »»orof vious estab- vious estao- "£*oi hours, lisb- p,oyees" «EJV hours, lish- L,*™; 'P,0Jtes- meuts. p,oyees" , ments. 'P,0Jtes-

'! , _____ ! I ] 50 hours ! 50 hours j{ 54 } } 2,527 53 hours ! 5* 1 124 53 hours j 1

j

if GO 2

)S8 g Î

& ' :{ }*■•*"

' i '* toa 54 hours ! 1

S g 59

» l' 1

' :{ '* 54 hours 1 g l' ' 53,655

g Î }*■•*"

S » i I 55 3

55 hours ' 58 2 5éõ 55 hours | ^ 2 i/ 56 hours J 5S | ^ l 334 56 hours 58 1 | 443 57 hours O 1 73 57 hours

Total ! 21 j 6,576 Total ' j 64 j 53,482 Percent ! 24.7 1 10.1 Percent 75.3! 89.9 i . : 1 ! 1 Increases are shown in italics.

From the standpoint of accurate determination the results here shown can not be taken as showing the effect of a reduction of hours for two reasons: First, in the majority of cases they are not based on statistical studies of production before and after a change in hours, but represent only the judgment of the manufacturer respect- ing output at periods anywhere from one to five or even six years ago; and second, in a matter of such complexity as output, an increase or decrease accompanying a change in hours is not necessarily due to that change.

As to the first point it is stated that the reports based on the

judgment of the manufacturers were "in substantial accord with the results indicated by analysis of statistical comparisons of output whicl' were supplied by 13 of these, establishments.1 Collectively, i This statement is perhaps open to question. As shown in the table given above, of the 68 establish-

ments which reduced hours to 54 only 6 (8.8 per cent) showed an increase in production. In another section of the report (p. 44) occurs this statement: "Of 11 establishments included in the 54-hour group which furnished supplemental statistical comparisons compiled from book records, 5 reported output as increased, 3 that the reduction was less, proportionately, than the reduction in hours, while in 2 the reduction was approximately proportional and 1 stated that it was greater than proportional." This shows 45.5 per cent of the statistical comparisons giving an increase of output under reduced hours, a considerable increase over the 8.8 per cent of the table. Nothing is said, however, as to the number of employees in these establishments.

[472]



MONTHLY LABOE REVIEW. 155

therefore, the information assembled in this report offers a sufficient basis for valid conclusions."

As to the second point, the report recognizes the difficulty of as- signing a reduction in output to any one cause, and considerable space is devoted to a discussion of the various factors affecting production. Machine time, we are told, does not dominate the industry to the extent it does in cotton manufacturing, and the worker's skill and application play a larger part in securing good results. The character of the product, the quality of the material used, the speed of machinery, the efficiency of the management and racial or other changes in the make-up of the body of mill workers must all be taken into account.

Reduction of output, it is pointed out, was more common in large than in small plants. Thus, of 68 establishments which reduced hours to 54 a week, 40 employed under and 28 over 500 workers apiece; in the first group 25 per cent and in the second only 10.7 per cent reported that production was maintained or increased. "A most natural explanation of this is that the larger companies were, prior to the reduction in hours, better organized, so that there was less opportunity to make up for the loss in time."

The conclusions reached as to output are thus summed up :

Despite the difficulties involved in an evaluation of the evidence presented in this report, there can be no reasonable doubt that the adoption of a 54-hour schedule in the wool manufacturing industry has in a large majority of cases involved a loss in output * * *. In evaluating this experience it should be recognized that where the decrease in output is very small the compensating savings in overhead expense, such as power, heat, and lighting, and wear and tear of machinery, may prove at least a partial offset * * *. To epitomize the experience it may fairly be concluded that the 54-hour schedule in the wool manufacturing industry lias involved a net loss in output, but that, taking the industry as a whole, the loss has not resulted in a heavy burden upon production.

In regard to health, the majority of manufacturers reporting thought the change in hours had had no effect upon the employees' health, but apparently this statement represented only the manufacturer's impression, and was not based upon any careful study:

Records which would permit of satisfactory analysis do not at present exist. While many wool establishments are now making careful observations of sickness among their workers, comparatively few were keeping records at the time of the latest reduction in hours, and even in these cases the data frequently are not comparable. Until health conditions have been carefully observed and recorded for a large number of workers under different hours-of-work schedules, conclusive judgment as to the effect of changes in hours alone is impracticable.

3 2

14731




UNION SCALES IN BOOK AND JOB PRINTING TRADES, AND OF CHAUF- FEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS.

The union scales of wages and hours of labor as of May 15, 1918, and May 15, 1917, have been published in the Monthly Labor Review as follows: In the September, 1918, issue for the principal occupations in the building, granite and stone, and metal trades, and in freight handling in important industrial cities of the North Atlantic section of the United States; in the October issue, for the same occupations in the leading industrial cities of the North Central States; in the November issue for the same occupations in the leading cities of the South Atlantic, South Central and Western States; in the December issue, for the principal occupations in the bakery, millwork, and printing trades, and of chauffeurs, teamsters, and drivers, in the leading industrial cities of the North Atlantic, and South Atlantic States; in the January, 1919, issue for the principal occupations in the bakery, millwork, and newspaper printing trades in the chief industrial cities of the North Central, South Central, and Western States. In continuation of this subject there are published in this issue of the Review, the union scales as of the above named dates of the principal occupations in the book and job printing trades and of chauffeurs, teamsters, and drivers in the leading industrial cities of the North Central, South Central, and Western States. Known changes since May 15, 1918, are indicated in foot- notes. The scales as of the two dates are printed in parallel columns for convenient comparison between the two years.

The information was collected by special agents of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics in personal calls* on the local union officials.

[474]




UNION SCALE OF WAOES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CEN- TRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB. BINDERT' WOMEN.

I May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Mos. Geographical division and „ Hours i¥^_ - with citv y* „ Hours i¥^_ - Cot Hours - y* For Full days; ¿V' Cot Full days; t>__ Per u. _ Sun- Saturdays; Per Saturdays;

hour- hoiir t>__

week, u. _ days full week. J?®,/ Per week, full week. hour- hoiir full and hour, full Ume. tune- holi- ***' time. days.

N'jitr:: central. Chicago, 111.: Blank book sewers, gold j layers and sizers, ma- I dune wire stitchers, flat Regular rate paging and numbering multiplied 1 or Singer sewing machine Cents . Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. operators 28.1 13.50 » 1* 2 «8-8-48 25.0 12.00 i : -8-48

Machine sowers, thread.... 327.1 13.00 » l' 2 «g-8-48 27.1 13.00 »8-8-48 Perforating, punching and ruling machine operators. >26.0 12.50 1 1J 2 «8-8-48 22.9 11.00 « 8-8-48

Gathering machine packers 25.0 12.00 *1$ 2 «8-8-48 25.0 12.00 * 8-8-48 Folders, inserters, tippers, tissuerers,strippers, gath- erers, collators, and coiui- ters-licket room *25.0 12.00 Uà 2 « 8-8-48 ...... 20.8 10.00 «8-8-48 Book wrappers »20.8 10.00 Uè 2 «8-8-48 ...... is. 8 9.00 «8-8-48 Des Moines, Iowa »22.9 11.00 1Š 2 8-8-48 ...... 20.8 10.00 8-S-4S

Indianapolis, Ind 26.0 12.50 li 2 8-8-48 21.0 10.08 8-8-48 Kansas City, Mo »18.8 9.00 lè 2 «8-&-*8 16.7 8.00 »8-8-48 Milwaukee, Wis »17.7 8.50 lè 2 «8-8-48 («) («) («) St. Louis, Mo.: Firstclass 24.0 11.55 s lè 2 8-8-48 21.9 10.50 8-8-48 Secondclass 21.8 10.45 » lè 2 8-8-48 19.8 9.50 8-8-48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Dallas, Tex 20.8 10.00 lè 2 8-8-48 20.8 10.00 8-8-48 Houston, Tex.: Firstclass 24.1 11.55 • lè 2 &-S-48 22.9 11.00 8-8-48 Secondclass 20.8 10.00 «lè 2 8-8-48 19.8 9.50 8-8-48 Little Rock. Ark »18.8 9.00 lè 2 8-^48 18.8 9.00 8-&-48 Nashville, Tenn 7 16. 7 8.00 lè 2 8-8-48 16:7 8.00 8-8-48 New Orleans, La «12.5 6.00 lè lè 8-8-48 »12.5 6.00 8-&-48

WESTERN. Denver, Colo 28. 1 13.50 » lè 2 8-8-48 25.0 12.00 8-8-48 Los Angeles, Cal 20.8 10 00 «lè 2 8-8-48 18.8 9.00 8-8-48 Portland, Oreg.: First-class blank-book work »27. 1 13.00 lè lè 8-8-48 »22.9 11.00 8-8-48 Journey women 3 25.0 12.00 lè lè 8-8-48 20.8 10.00 8-8-48 San Francisco, Cal 25.0 12.00 lè lè 8-8-48 20.8 10 00 8-8-48 Seattle, Wash 31.3 15.00 lè lè 8-8-48 25.0 12.00 8-8-48 Spokane, Wash 31.3 »«15.00 lè H 8-8-48 («) («) (<) » Double time after 9 p. m. » Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 1 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. « No scale in effect on May 15, 1917. * Double time after midnight. • Double time after 10 p.m. J Scale became 29.8 cents on June 15, 1918. » More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported . Scale became 20. 8 cents on Aug. lõ, 191S. "•""Double time after 4 hours. 10 A bonus of $1.50 per week was added on Sept. 1, 1918.

100785°- 19 11 [475J




UNION SCALE OF WAOES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917-^ Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. BOOKBINDERS.

Mfey 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Geographical 3

division and HoUr»- ff Hours- 3 For Full days; Full days; Per v Sun- Saturdays; Per Saturdays; Per week, days lull week. Jr®,.1 Per week, full week, hour, full' and hour, full time. tame- holi- time.

days.

north central. Regular rate multiplied Chicago, 111.: Cents. Dolls. bp- Cents. Dolls.

Binding-machine operators. 49.0 23.50 1 li 2 *8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 «8-8-48 Caser helpers, pasters, and pressers; repairers, book. 44.8 21.50 1 li 2 * 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 * 8 -8 -48

Casers-in, machine, A 47.9 23.00 1 1' 2 *8-8-48 42.7 20.50 * 8 -8 -48 Casers-in, machine, B; oov- erers, machine 46.9 22.50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 * 8 -8 -48

Cutters, binder's stock 46.9 22.50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 * 8 -8 -48 Cutters, head, stoč*; case makers, hand or machine; finishers, Dlank work or cloth and job, printed work: marblers; rounders and backers, machine 51.0 24.50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 * 8 -8 -48

Cutters, machine 50.0 24.00 *1J 2 *8 -8 -48 44.8 21.50. *8 -8 -48 Gilders and pasters, machine 46.9 22.50 Uè 2 *8-8-48 41.7 20.00 * 8 -8 -4S Gilders, edge 51.0 24.50 Uè 2 *8-8 -48 45.8 22.00 * 8 -8 -48 In charge of stock and cut- ting machines 54.2 26.00 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 49.0 23.50 * 8 -8 -48

Operating automatic folding machine 46.9 22.50 Uè 2 *8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 *8 -8 -48

Operating 2 folding machines 53.1 25.50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 * 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 folding machines 59.4 28.50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 * 8 -8 -48 Operating indexing machine; trimmers, book... 47.9 23.00 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 42.7 20.50 * 8 -8 -48

Rulers 55. 2 26. 50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 50. 0 24. 00 * 8 -8 -48 Stampers, head 57.3 27.50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 »8-8-48 Stampers, machine 51.0 24.50 Uè 2 * 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 * 8 -8 -48

Cincinnati. Ohio: Cutters, head 44. 8 21. 50 lè 2 8 -8 -48 44. 8 21. 50 8 -8 -48 Cutters, paper stock 38.5 18.50 14 2 8 -8 -48 38.5 18.50 8 -8 -48 Cutters, splitters 42. 7 20. 50 l| 2 8 -8 -48 42. 7 20. 50 8 -8 -48 Forwarders; joggers, paper. 37. 5 18. 00 lè 2 8 -8 -48 37. 5 18. 00 8 -8 -48

Cleveland, Ohio *45.8 22.00 lè 2 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 Columbus. Ohio 46.9 22.50 lè lè 8 -8 -48 40.6 19.50 8 -8 -48 Detroit, Aíich.: Cutters; finishers and forwarders, blank work 43.8 21.00 Uè 2 6 8J-4f-48 12 43.8 21.00 58M|-48 Folders operating l machine 43.8 21.00 Uè 2 6 8J-42-48 12 21 00 6 8MI-48 Folders operating 2 machines 47.9 23.00 Uè 2 6 8J-4f48 12 47.9 23.00 6 83-41-48 Folders operating 4 machines 50.0 24.00 Uè 2 5 8J-4J-48 12 50.0 24.00 6 8J-4|-48 Folders operating 5 machines 52.1 25.00 Uè 2 6 8f-4J-48 12 52.1 25.00 *8|-4f-48

Rulers 43.8 21.00 Uè 2 »8J-4|-48 12 43.8 21.00 *8J-4f-48 Rulers, head rulers, 3 machines 50.0 24.00 Uè 2 *8J-4J-48 12 50-° 24 00 * 82-4J-48 Rulers, head rulers, 4 ma- _ chines 52.1 25.00 Uè 2 «8HH8 M 52.1 25.00 &8f-4}-48 _ Rulers, head rulers, 7 or _ more machines 62.5 30.00 Uè 2 «8|-4J-48 12 62.5 30.00 6 8J-4J-48 _

1 Double time after 3 hours and on Saturdays after completion of 48-hour week. « Hours vary, but total 48 per week. * Scale became 47.9 cents on Oct. 1, 1918. « Double time after midnight. * 8* hours on Monday. [476]




UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917- Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. BOOKBIlfDEBS - Continued.

Mar 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- ^ »«J*

Geographical division and _ With „ city. 7 _ Hours- Hours- „ 7 Por Full days; J*}* Full days; Per « Sun- Saturdays; "Jr,/ Per Saturdays; Per week, ™ days full week. M1.1 Per week, full week, hour, full ?¡^[* tun"- and «"»y- 5™" hour, full time. tun"- holi- «"»y- tin».

days.

Regular rate north central- continued. multiplied Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. Des Moines, Iowa 43. 8 21. 00 H 2 8 -8 -48 38. 5 18. 50 8 -8 -48 Indianapolis, Ind 52. 1 25.00 1J 2 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48 Kansas Lity, Mo.: Cutters, paper; finishers, first class 45.8 22.0Q 14 » li «8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 *8 -8 -48 Forwarders, first class 45.8 22.00 14 *1- »8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 * 8 -8 -48 Forwarders, second class... *40.6 19.00 l} *l-r *8 -8 -48 38.5 18.50 * 8 -X -48 Rulers, first class 45.8 22.00 H *8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 * 8 -8 -48 liulers, second class 41.7 20.00 l} *lj *8-8-48 39.6 19.00 * 8 -8 -48

Milwaukee, Wis.: First man 43.8 21.00 1* 2 *8 -8 -48 (<) (*) («) Second man 41.7 20.00 14 2 *8-8-48 («) (M («) Minneapolis, Minn 37. 5 18. 00 *1} 2 8 -8 -48 37. 5 18. 00 8 -8 -48 Omaha, Nebr 52.1 25.00 l£ 2 8J-4Ì-48 12 43.8 21.00 8}-4¿-48 St. Louis, Mo.: Cutters; folders, machine; forwarders 48.1 23.10 5 1J 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48 Finishers, first class 57.3 27.50 5 1} 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8-48 Finishers, second class 52. 7 25. 30 6 14 2 8 -8 -48 47. 9 23. 00 8 -8 -4S Kulers, first class 55. 0 26.40 * 1J 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -4 8 Rulers, second class 50.4 24.20 5 1J 2 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 S -8 -48 St. Paul, Minn.: Forwarders, blank work; ¡ finishers, blank work: rulers 41.7 20.00 à 1} 2 8f4i-48 12 41.7 20.00 8 -8 -48 Forwarders, printed work; cutters 37.5 18.00 5 1* 2 8J-4Í-48 12 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Birmingham, Ala 44.8 21.50 li 2 8 -8 -48 44.8 21.50 8 -8 -48 Dallas, Tex 46.9 22.50 «14 2 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 Houston, Tex 48.1 23.10 7 1| 2 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48 I'ittlc Rock Ark * Cutters...' V 43.8 21.00 1* 2 * 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 * 8 -S -48 Finishers, forwarders, and rulers 343.8 21.00 14 2 *8 -8 -48 40.6 19.50 *8 -8 -48 Louis ' il 1c, Ky 45.8 22.00 l' 2 8J-4Ì-48 12 («) («) (*) Nashville, Tenn « 37.5 18.00 '' 2 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 New Orleans. La.: Finishers, forwarders, and rulers »37.5 18.00 14 14 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 Forwarders, half bound ;,034.4 16.50 14 14 8 -8 -48 31.3 l"i.00 8 -8 -48 Cutters 1**31.3 15.00 14 14 8 -8 -48 »*31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48 i For Sundays: for holidays, dou ole time. * Hours vary, but total 4 S per week. 3 More than half of the mom'iers received more than the scale; amount not reported. < No scale in effect on May 15, 1917. & Double time after midnight. « Dou I »le time alter 4 hours. i Double time after 10 p. m. 8 Scale bccame 43.8 cents on June 15, 1918. » More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became

46.9 cents for journeymen and 57.3 cents for foremen on Aug. 15, 191S. i® Scale became 46.9 cents on Aus. 15, 1918. 11 67 per cent of the members received $3 and 33 per cent received $4.50 per week more than the scale. Scale became 46.9 cents on Auer. 15, 1918. i* 33 per cent of the members received $3 and 33 per cent received ?4 per week more than the scale. 3 2 * t477l




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917- Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. BOOKBINDERS - Concluded.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Hai e of wages- j ^ j Geographical division and ^¡Vh ™in - i city.

Hour«- ™in - I i Hours- For Fulloays: i Fullaays, Pcr pw Sun" Saturdays;"^?/ Per Saturdays; Per week, days full week, Per wook, full week, hour, full and hour full time. tlme holiday time. ¡ days. I

western. ^Regular rate I I multiplied Butte, Mont.: Centn} Dolls. ! by - Cents. Dolls. All-round men 81.3 39.00 ! » lj 2 8 -8 -48 72.9 35.00 8 -8 -48 Cutters 62.5 30.00, ' lj 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Finishers, forwarders, ¡ and rulers 71.9 34.50 1 » lj 2 8 -8 -48 62.5 30.00 8 -8 -48

Denver, Colo 55.2 26.50 ¡ «lè 2 8 -8 -48 50. 0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Los Angeles, Cal 43.8 21.00 1 li 2 8 -8 -48 40.6 19.50 8-8-48 Portland, Oreg 50.0 24.00 »lì 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21. CO 8-8-48 Salt Lake City, Utah ¡50.0 24.00 » 1* 2 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48 San Francisco, Cal. 54.2 26.00 1} 1J 8 -8 -48 i !50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Seattle, Wash.: i ¡ ■ ('utters, finishers, forward- ! j ers, and rulers ! 53. 1 25. 50 li 1£ 8-8-48 1 03. 1 ! 25.50 8 -8 -48 Rulers, head 57.3 I 27.50 1* lj 8-8-48 ; 57.3; 27.50 8 -8 -48

Spokane, Wash.: j i All-round men <53. 1 25.50 1J '' 8 -8 -48 52. 1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Cutters, and forwarders <53.1 25.50 1£ l| 8-8-48 ¡46.9 22. 50 8 -8 -48 Finishers; rulers, head <53.1 25.50 lj lj 8-8-48 j 50. 0 24. 00 8 -8 -48

COMPOSITORS. j" ¡ - *

J"" * ~

NORTH CENTRAL. ! , j Chicago, 111.: I Engiisli 57. 3 27. 50 5 lj 2 « 8 -8 -48 50. 0 24. 00 «8-8-48 Bohemian 57.7 27.70 * 1* 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 German 57.3 27.50 2 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 - 8 -48 Norwegian 56.3 27.00 *1* 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Polish ani Swedish 57. 3 27. 50 6 l| 2 «8 -8 -48 52. 1 25. 00 «8-8 -48 Proofreaders (Swedish) ... 59.4 28.50 6 1¿ 2 « 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 «8-8-48

Cincinnati, Ohio ¡' 46.9 22.50 U lê 8 -8 -48 46.9 22.50 8 -8 -48 Cleveland, Ohio: English 150.0 24.00 « 1* lj 8-8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48 English »(jaó 1 2 8 -8 -48 «58.0 8-8-48

Columbus, Ohio 52.1 25.00 1* 1* 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Davenport, Iowa, and Mo- line and Rock Island, 111.. . 55.0 26.40 lj 2 8 -8 -48 * 47.9 23.00 8 -8 -48 Des Moines, Iowa 52.1 25.00 1* lj 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48 Detroit, Mich 54. 7 26. 25 » lj 2 «8-8-48 7 50.0 24. 00 «8-8-48 Grand Rapids, Mich » 38.5 18. 50 li 2 «8-8-48 ' 38.5 18. 50 « 8 -8 -48 Indianapolis, Ind 52. 1 25. 00 * 1* 2 8 -8 -48 45. 8 22. 00 8 -8 -48 Kansas Cit. v, Mo 50.0 24.00 1* lj «8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 «8-8-48 Milwaukee, Wis.: English »47.9 23.00 » lj 2 « 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 «8-8-48 German M7.9 23.00 1* 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 8 -8 -48 Minneapolis, Minn ¡">45.8 22.00 * Ik » 2 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48

I Double time after 10 p. m. * Double time after 4 hours. * Double time after midnight. < Scale became 65.6 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 5 Double time after 3 hours, ana on Saturday after completion of 48-hour week. 6 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 7 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. 8 Per 1,000 ems. » Scale became 54.2 cents on July 1, 1918. 1° Scale became 54 cents on June 1, 1918. II For New Year's, Thanksgiving, and Memorial days, time and one-half.

[478]




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917 - Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued COMPOSITORS- Concluded.

I ! May 15, 1918. May 10, 1917.

Ra.eofwafos- Ka£cof Mos. Geograph ¡ral division and „ with i citv Hours- „ with q'V

i Hours- For Full days; „X" i Full days: I*er Sun- Saturdays; K,:f/ ¡ Por j Saturdays; Por week, days full week. Per week, full week. >»our. full and 5°''" hour. full I time. time- holi- aay" ! time. ! ( days. I ¡ j , ; north central- concluded. ; Regular rate

multiplied I Omaha, Nebr. : Cents. Dolls. by - Cen it. Dolls. English and Bohemian » 53.1 25. 50 2 1* li 8 -8 -48 3 40.9 22. :,0 i ! S -8 -4S Ccrman 53.1 25.50 Mi li 8 -8 -48 53.1 25. .'0 ! 8 -8 -4 s

Peoria, 111 45.0 21. 60 li lj 8-8-48' 40.0 19.20 8 -8 -48 St. Louis, Mo.: English 52.7 25.30 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 8 -8 -48 Cerman 47.9 23.00 « 1J 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 23. fH) 8-8-48

St. Paul, Minn 45. 8 22.00 » 1J s 2 8 -8 -48 1 45. 8 22. 00 1 8 - 8 - is Wichita, Kans 1 43.8 21.00 '1$ 1* »8-8 -48 j 43.8 21.00 «8-8-48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Birmingham, Ala 44.8 21.50 »60c. (>o) 8 -8 -48 | 44.8 21.50 8 -8 -18 Dallas, Tex 57.3 27.50 11 1* 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Houston, Tex 55.8 2«. 77 * 14 2 » 8 -8 -48 4 52. 1 25.001 128-8-48 Little Rock, Ark 43.8 21.00 lj 1* s g -8 -48 43.8 21.00 : ? 8 -8 -48 Louisville, K' 43.8 21.00 " 1J 2 « 8 -8 -48 39.0 19.00! 8 8 -8 -48 Memphis, Tehn 1348.1 23.10 »64c. »< 2 8 -8 -48 47.1 22.60' 8 -8 -4S Nashville, Tenn j 53. 1 25.50 H 2 8^-5^.-48 12 i 44. 8 21.50' 8W>'-4X New Orleans, La j 43. 8 21. 00 » li li 8 -8 -48 ...... 43. 8 21. 00 ■ 8 -8 -48

WESTERN. ! | Butte, Mont '»«65.6 31.50 " 1* 2 8 -8 -48 165.6 31.50 8 -8 -48 Denver, Colo '59.4 28.50 «li 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 Los Angeles, Cal I 52. 1 25.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Portland, Oreg 159.4 28.50 li li 8 -8 -48 53.5 25.68 8 -8 -48 Sail Lake City, Utah ^4.2 26.00 »1J li 13 8 -8 -48 3 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 San Francisco, Cal 58.3 28.00 "li 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 Seattle, Wash 59.4 28.50 li li 8 -8 -48 56.3 27.00 8 -8 -48 Spokane, Wash 56.3 27.00 "li li 8 -8 -48 53.1 25. 50 j 8-8-18

1 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. a Dou ! -le time after 3 hours, a 36 per cent of the English members received $2.50 per week more than the scale. 4 Double time after 11 p. m. Double time after 4 hours. 6 For New Year's, Thanksgiving, and Memorial days, time and one-half. 7 Time an 1 one-half after 10 p. m. 8 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 9 Rate in cents per hour. 10 Overtime rate, plus 50 cents per day. » Double time after midnight. 12 44 hours per week, May to August, inclusive. >3 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 49.2 cents on July 1, 1918. >« For Sundays; for holidays time and one-half. 15 Double time after 10.30 p. m. 16 Scale became 75 cents on June 1, and 78.1 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 17 Double time after 10 p. m. 18 Double time after 10 p. m., and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 19 45 hours per week, June to August, inclusive.

[479]




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917- Continued .

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB-Continued. ELECTROT YPERS : B&tterjrmen and builders.

May 15, 1918. May 15r 1917.

Rate of wages- Mos. WageS~

Geographical division and „ w;th _ city. „ Hours - w;th 5"n

_ Hours- For Full days; Çr" Full days; Per uw * Sun- Saturdays; Per Saturdays; Per week, uw * r days full week. M1.1 Per week, full week, hour, full g™" 111116 and day" *£h- hom week, fllll' time. 111116 holiday" time. days.

Regular rate NOETH CENTRAL. multiplied. Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. Chicago, 111 50.0 24.00 » 1* *2 8f-H-48 12 47.9 23.00 8J-4M8 Cincinnati, Ohio: Batterymen »37.5 18.00 4 1| «2 8f- 4j- 48 12 3 33.3 16.00 8J-4M8 Builders 339.6 19.00 «14 »2 81 4i 48 12*37.5 18.00 »¿-41-48 Cleveland, Ohio 6 41.7 20.00 «1J >2 8*-5J-48 12 37.5 18.00 8}->M8 Columbus, Ohio 37.5 18.00 l£ a2 8Í-5Í-48 12 28.1 13. 00 8|-õi-48 Davenport, Iowa, and Moline and Kock Island, 111 3 47. 9 23.00 7 li 2 8 -8-48 47. 9 23.00 8 -8 -48

Detroit, Mich 50.0 24.00 «li «2 8}-4fc-48 12 43.8 21.00 8HM8 Grand Rapids, Mich 37.5 18.00 1^ 2 8§-4Ì-48 12 *25.0 12.00 8§-4M8 Indianapolis, Ind 343. 2 19.00 4 1Î » 2 8 -4 -44 12 343.2 19.00 8 -4 -44 Kansas City, Mo 3 50. 0 24.00 1* 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Milwaukee. Wis 33.6 19.00 7 1$ 2 » 8 -8 -48 36.5 17.50 9 8 -x -48 Minneapolis, Minn 39.6 19.00 1 1¿ 8 2 8| 4i 48 12 39.6 19.00 8f-4}-48 Omaha, Nebr »37.5 18.00 11 2 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 St. Louis, Mo 43.5 20.90 4 1J »2 8J-4Í-48 12 37.5 18.00 8|-4}-48 St. Paul, Minn 39.6 19.00 » l| «2 8|-4i-48 12 39.6 19.00 8HÍ-48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Birmingham, Ala *37.5 18.00 1J 2 8J-4M8 12 37.5 18.00 »2-4H8

WESTERN. Denver, Colo 1039.6 19.00 » 1J 2 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 8-8-48 Seattle, Wash "53.3 24.00 l| li 8 -5 -45 12 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48

ELECTROT YPERS : Finishers and molders.

NORTH CENTRAL. Chicago, 111.: Finishers 58.3 28.00 * li «2 8J-4M8 12 56.3 27.00 8J-4M8 Molders 60.4 29.00 1 l} »2 8J-4J-48 12 60.4 29.00 8I-4H« Cincinnati, Ohio: Finishers »47.9 23.00 4 li »2 8}-4i-48 12 » 45.8 22.00 82-4 J-4S Molders . 52.1 25.00 4 1* *2 $fr-4±-4S 12 » 50.0 24.00 8f-4i~48 Cleveland, Ohio: Finishers »»52.1 25.00 «li »2 8Ì-5Ì-48 12 47.9 23.00 8H>M8 Molders »<56.3 27.00 «li «2 8Í-5M8 12 52.1 25.00 8$-:>.V-4S Second molders *50.0 24.00 « 1J *2 8à-5*-48 12 43.8 21.00 8*-5¿-4S Columbus, Ohio 47.9 23.00 1* 2 8J-5*-48 12 43.8 : 21.00 8£-5*-48 1 Double time after 9 p. m. and on Saturday after 4 p. ra. 5 Time and one-haifon Saturday afternoon. 3 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. 4 Double time after 10 p. m. and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 6 Scale became 50 cents on June 1, 1918. « Double time after midnight, and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 7 Double time after 9 p. m. 8 Double time after 8.30 p. m. and on Saturday after 3.30 p. m. 9 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 10 Scale became 47. 9 oents on July 1, 1918. » Double time after 10 p. m. 12 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 60 cents on July 1, 1918. ia Scale became 58.3 cents on June 1, 1918. 14 Scale became 60.4 cents on June 1, 1918. 16 Scale became 56.3 cents on June 1, 1918.

[480]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. ELECTROTYPERS: Finishers and molders - Concluded.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- ^ wês^

Geographical division and Hour^ i Hour*- For Full days; Full days; Per v Sun- Saturdays; "P?/ Per Saturdays; Per week, v *?; days full week. JJJ,.1 Per week, full week, hour, week,

time. full h olí- d£ J hour, week, time. full time. h olí- J time.

days.

NOETH CENTRAL - concluded. Regular rate

Davenport, Iowa, and Mo- multiplied line and Rock Island, 111.: Cents. Dolls. by- Cents. Dolls. Finishers » 56.3 27.00 »14 2 8 -8 -48 56.3 27.00 8 -8 -48 Molders » 60.4 29.00 * 1} 2 8 -8 -48 1 60.4 29.00 8 -8 -48 Des Moines, Iowa 56.3 27.00 3 H <2 8MJ-48 12 54.2 26.00 8§-4§-48 Detroit. Mich 56.3 27.00 6 if * 2 8MH8 12 1 52.1 25.00 8H-H8 Grand Rapids, Mich 1 50.4 24.20 '' 2 8J-4M8 12 1 37.5 18.00 8HH« Indianapolis, Ind.: Finishers » .50.0 22.00 « 1* 4 2 8 -4 -44 12 1 50.0 22.00 8 -4 -14 Molders i 52 3 23.00 « 1} 4 2 8 -4 -44 12 1 52.3 23.00 8 -4 -44 Kansas City, Mo 50.0 24.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Milwaukee, Wis 50.0 24.00 * 1J 2 7 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 7 8 -8 -48 Minneapolis, Minn : Finishers 50.0 24.00 « '' <2 8MÌ-48 12 50.0 24.00 8MH8 Molders 56.3 27.00 «14 *2 8^-4^-48 12 56.3 127.00 8£-4f48 Omaha, Nebr » 52.1 25.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 St. Louis, Mo.: I Finishers > 55.0 26.40 « 1J *2 8HH*8 12 1 47.9 23.00 8HH8 Molders 1 57.3 27.50 • li <2 8f4*-48 12 1 50.0 24.00 8fr4M8 St. Paul, Minn.: Finishers 50.0 24.00 » 1J «2 83-4*^8 12 50.0 24.00 8^4^-48 Molders 56.3 27.00 « li <2 8f-4J-48 12 56.3 27.00 8f-4^48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Birmingham, Ala 1 50.0 24.00 14 2 84-4 ±-48 12 » 50.0 24.00 8HH3 Dallas, Tex.: Finishers »37.5 18.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 Molders 1 41.7 20.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 8 -8 -48 Memphis, Tenn 45.8- 22.00 if li 8-8-48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48 Nashville, Tenn.: Finishers »43.8 21.00 U 2 84-5J-48 12 »43.8 21.00 84-5J-48 Moldors »47.9 23.00 1J 2 8*-5i-48 12 » 47.9 23.00 8J-5Í-48 New Orleans, La.» 40.0 18.00 li 1§ »»8 -5 -45 12 40.0 18.00 »0 8-5-45

WESTERN. Denver, Colo.: Finishers »»47.9 23.00 »* 14 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 8 -8 -48 Molders »»54.2 26.00 »»li 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 Los Angeles, Cal 56 3 27.00 »« li li 8 -8 -48 56.3 27. (X) 8 -S -4 S Portland, Oreg »550.3 27.00 l| 1$ 8 -8 -48 56.3 27.00 8 -8 -4S San Francisco, Cal «2.5 30.00 l.J 2 8 -8 -48 56 3 27.00 8 8 -48 Seattle, Wash 6G.7 30.00 li 8-5-45 12 »52 1 25.00 8 -8 -48 » More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. » Double time after 9 p. m. 8 Double time after 10 p. m., and on Saturday after 6 p. m. 4 Time and one-half on Saturday afternoon. 6 Double time after 8.30 p. m., and on Saturday after 3.30 p. m. « Double time after 10 p. m. and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 7 Hours vary but total 48 ]>er week. • Double time after 9 p. m. and on Saturday after 4 p. m. 9 Also batterymen and builders. »• Hours worked; maximum 8 hours on Saturday, 48 per week. »» Scale became 54.2 cents on July 1, 1918. »» Double time after 10 p. m. 13 Scale became 60.4 cents on July 1, 1918. »« Double time after midnight. w More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 62.5 cents on July 1, 1918.

[481]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING : BOOK AND JOB- Continued. LINOTYPE OPERATORS.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages ^ ^

Geographical division and - _ with _ city. y Hours- _ Hours _ - y For Full days; „X" Full days; Per -p,.- * Sun- Saturdays; Per Saturdays; Per week, -p,.- * days full week. J™,/ Per week, full week, hour, full and hour, full' time. time- holi- time. days.

NORTH CENTRAL. ^ÙTpìui Chicago, 111. : Cent*. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolis. English 60.2 28. 90 i 1J 2 *8-8-48 »50.0 24.00 «8-8-48 Bohemian 65.9 23.74 »U 2 6 -36 59.0 21.24 6 -6 -36 German 57.3 27.50 2 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Norwegian 62.0 29.76 »Ii 2 8 -8 -48 oO.O 21.00 8 -8 -48 Swedish ! 59.4 28.90 »lê 2 -8-8-18 55.0 26.40 2 8 -8 -48

Cincinnati, Ohio: j English 8 54. 2 26.00 i£ '' 8 -S -18 ,>4.2 26.00 8 -8 -4S German 39.6 19.00 i 50$. <50$. 8-8-48 3^.6 19.00 8 -8-48 Cleveland, Ohio 62.5 30.00 «ÍJ ¿I 8-8-48 t»2.5 3<UK) 8-8-48 Columbus, Ohio 52.1 25.00 1¿ 14 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Davenport, Iowa, an-. Mo- line and Rock Island, 111 55.0 26.40 1J 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 8 -8 -48 Indianapolis, Ind 56. 3 27. 00 - V¿ 2 8 -8 -48 56. 3 27. 00 8 -8 -48 Kansas City, Mo 62.5 30.00 1* li s 8 -8 -48 57.3 27. 50 »8-8-48 Milwaukee, Wis ¡«54.2 26.00 -■ V¿ 2 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 2 8 -8 -48 Des Moines, Iowa 54.2 26.00 14 li 8-8-48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Detroit, Mich 60.5 29.04 : 1* 2 2 8 -8 -48 60.5 29.01 2 8 -8 -48 Grand Rapids, Mich I345.8 22.00 li 2 «8 -8 -48 34"¿.8 22.00 = 8 -8 -48 Minneapolis, Minn *52. i 25.00 ® li «2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Omaha, Nebr ,353. 1 25.50 »14 1¿ 8 -8 -48 53.1 25.50 8 -8 -48 Peoria, IH i 45.0 21.60 lj lè 8 -8 -48 40.0 19.20 8 -8 -48 St. Louis, Mo.: English 59.6 28.60 13 li 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 German I 54. 2 26. 00 12 '' 2 8 -8 -48 54. 2 26. 00 8 -8 -48 St. Paul, Minn 52.1 25.00 9 14 ̂ 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48

Wichita, Kans |348.4 23.25 18 1J li *8-8-48 4K.4 23.25 - 8 -8 -48 Monotype operators j346.9 22.50 13 li li *8 -8 -48 3 46. 9 22.50 2 8 -8 -48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Birmingham, .Ma ! 57.3 27.50 « 75c. 1 «81. 3 8 -8 -48 57.3 27. 50 S -8 -48 Dallas, Tex 1^12.0 1 1 8-8-48 l512.0 8-8-48 Monotype operators 162.5 30.00 5 H 2 8 -8 -48 í16) (16) (1#) Houston, Tex u>l2.5 lj 2 "8 -8 -48 4 ,;J2.5 "8-8-48 Monotype operators 70.0 33. 60 9 V¿ 2 " 8 -8 -48 4 57.3 27.50 "8-8-48 Little Rock. Ark 50.0 24.00 li li 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 = 8 -8 -48

Louisville, Ky 52.1 25.00 5 14 2 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 2 8 -8 -48 Memphis, Tenn ¡«56.3 27.00 18 li »»2 8 -8 -48 56.3 27.00 8 - 8 -48 Nashville, Tenn 156.3 27.00 li 2 8i-r>i-48 12 50.0 24.00 81-5J-48 NTew Orleans, La j 53.3 24.00 »li li 74-74-45 53.3 24.00 7Í-74-45 Do «xõ.o *o 14 14 74- 74- 45 1615.0 ¡ 74-74-45 1 Double time after 3 hours and on Saturday after completion of 48-hour week. 2 Hours varv, but total 48 per week. 8 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. < Rate in cents per hour. * Double time after midnight. * More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale lócame

60.4 cents on July 1, 1918. i Double time after 9 p. m. » Scale became 61.5 cent s on June 1, 1918. * Double time after 4 hours. io Except New Years, Memorial, and Thanksgiving Days, time and one-half. u DoumIc timi' after 3 hours. »2 Double time after 11 p. m. 18 Time and one-half aft<r 10 p. m. '« Overtime rate plus 50 cents per day. 15 Per 1.000 ems. nonpan il. i« Xo scale in eifect on May 15, 1917. " 44 hours per week, May'to August, inclusive. is Double time after completion of 48-hour week. » For Sundays; for holidays, time and one-half. 2° Double time after 10.30 p. m. f 4823




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRAPE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917 - Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB - Continued . LINOTYPE OPERATORS- Concluded.

I May 15, 191 8. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- waeesí Wage Mos. Wage (Geographical division and Hours- with ¡ Hours „ Mife_ citv. Hours- ¡ Hours „ Mife_ -

For Full days; i Fulldavs; Per « Sun- Saturdays; £aif Per Saturdays; Per week, *¡J days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full »¿¿T Ume- and 5? !' ' hour, full time. Ume- hoU- - ' time. days.

i Regulnr rate ;

WESTEBN. multiplied Cents. Dolls. by- Cents.] Dolls. Denver, Colo 59.4 28.50 »14 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 S -8 -48 Los Angeles, Cal 62.5 30.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 . 60.4 29.00 8 -8 -48 Portland, Oreg 68.8 33.00 «103c. *103c. 8 -8 -48 65.6 31.50 8 -8 -48 Salt l ake City, Utah »56.3 27.00 UJ 1} »8-8-48 »56.3 27.00 s 8 -8 -48 San Francisco, Cal 68.8 33.00 6 lì 14 8 -8 -48 65.0 31.20 8 -8 -48 Seattle, Wash 78.6 33.00 H 1} 7-7-42 78. 6 33.00 7 -7 -42 Spokane, Wash 66.7 30.00 «li li 7J-7J-4Õ 66.7 3a 00 7J-7J-45

MACHINE TENDERS. i NORTH CENTRAL.

Chicago, 111.: English 60.2 2S.90 7 14 2 «8-8-48 «50.0 24.00 «8-8-48 Swedish 60.2 28.90 »14 2 « 8 -8 -48 55.0 26.40 « 8 -8 -48

Cincinnati, Ohio «54.2 26.00 14 li 8-8-48 »54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 Cleveland, Ohio »62.5 30.00 «14 2 8 -8 -48 »62.5 30.00 8 -8 -48 Des Moines, Iowa » ">4.2 26.00 1} 1J 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Detroit, Mich 60. 5 29. 04 1} 2 « 8 -8 -48 60. 5 29. 04 «8-8-48 Kansas City, Mo 62.5 30.00 14 li «8 -8 -48 62.5 30.00 »8 -8 -4S Milwaukee. Wis "54.2 26.00 «14 2 « 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 «8-8-48 Minneapolis, Minn ">52.1 25.00 »14 M2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 St. Louis, Mo 59.6 28.60 »314 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Houston, Tex 72.9 35.00 »14 2 »« 8 -8 -48 4 72.9 35.00 >*8-S-4S Little Rock, Ark 50.0 24.00 14 li « 8 -8 -48 ; 50.0 24.00 * 8 -8 -48 Ixïuisville, Ky 50.0 24.00 *14 2 « 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 «8-8-48 Nashville, Tenn 53.1 25.50 14 2 84-5}-48 12 50.0 24.00 S'.-5i-48 New Orleans, La 53.3 24.00 "lj li 7*-7i-45 53.3 24.00 7Í-7*-45

WESTERN. Los Angeles. Cal 62.5 30.00 1} 2 8-8-48 60.4 29.00 1 s -8 -48 San Francisco, Cal 75.0 36.00 «li "li 8 -8 -48 71.3 34.20 j S -8 -48 1 Double time after 10 p. m. and on Saturdavs after 5 p. m. 2 Rate in cents per hour. * More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. * Time and one-half after 10 p. m. 6 45 hours per week, June to August, inclusive. « Double time after midnight. 5 Double time after 3 hours, and on Saturday after completion of 48-hour week. 8 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 8 Scale became 60.4 cents oñ July 1, 1918. Scale became 61.5 cents on June 1, 191X. 11 Double time after 4 hours. n For New Yeai^s. Thanksgiving, and Memorial Days, time and one-half. '•* Douole time after 11 p. in. 44 hours per week, May to August, inclusive. 14 Double time after 10 p. m. 16 Except for those who worked less than 6 days in the preceding week, who received single time for

Sunday.

[483]




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918> AND MAY 15, 1917- Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. MACHINIST OPERATORS.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- waees^ wa5es Mos wa5es Geographical division and Wrtiirc_ Hours- with . Hours Trmirc_ - ci tv J Hours- Wrtiirc_ o04 . Hours Trmirc_ - tv J For Full days; J™-

o04 I Full days; Per * Sun- Saturdays; rzvf j Por Saturdays; Per weok, * days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full and 5?'*" hour, full Ume. tlme- holi- lime. days.

Regular rate | ! NORTH CENTRAL. multiplied Cevts. Dolls. by-- Crvt*. Dolls. Chicago, IU 60. 2 28. 90 1 14 2 « 8 -8 -48 3 50. 0 24. 00 «8-8-48 Detroit, Mich 60.5 29.04 l' 2 « 8 -8 -48 60.5 29.04 s 8 -8 -48 Indianapolis, Ind '56.3 27.00 « 1Î 2 8 -8 -48 356.3 27.00 8 -8 -48 Minneapolis, Minn » 58.3 28.00 « lj '2 8 -8 -48 58.3 28.00 8 -8 -48 Omaha, Nebr 353. 1 , 25. 50 »H li 8-8-48 3 53. 1 25. 50 8 -8 -48 St. Paul, Minn 58.3 1 28.00 * '' * 2 8 -8 -48 58.3 28.00 8 -8 -48 Wichita, Kans 55. 2 j 26. 50 « lè H 3 8 -8 -48 54. 7 26. 25 « 8 -8 -48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Birmingham, Ala 59.4 ! 28.50 «80c. (») 8 -8 -48 59.4 28.50 8 -8 -48 Dalias, Tex «12.0 1 1 8-8-48 1-12.0 8-8-48 Houston, Tex 72.9 35.00 «li 2 *»8-8-48 4 72.9 35.00 138-8-41 Little Rock, Ark 56. 3 27. 00 li ■ 1* 2 8 -8 -48 56. 3 27. 00 »8-8-48 Louisville, Ky 54.2 26.00 2 > 8 -8 -48 51.1 24.52 * 8 -8 -48 Nashville, Tenn 62.5 30.00 In 2 8*-5*-48 12 3 56. 3 27.00 8*-5*-48 New Orleans, La 60.0 27.00 " lj lè 7*-7*-45 60.0 27.00 7*-7*-45

WESTERN. Butte, Mont 81.3 39.00 *14 2 8 -8 -48 81.3 39.00 8 -8 -48 Salt I ake City, Utah *62. 5 30. 00 « l| 1* "8 -8 -48 3 » 62. 5 30. 00 8 -8 -4g San Francisco, Cal 75. 0 36. 00 * il lj 8 -8 -48 71.3 34. 20 8 -8 -48 Seattle, Wash 85.7 36.00 1| lj 7 -7 -42 85.7 36.00 7 -7 -42 Spokane, Wash 3 73. 3 Ì 33.00 <1* lè 7*-7*-45 »73.3 33.00 7J-7J-45

PHOTO-ENGRAVERS.

NORTH CENTRAL. I Chicago, 111 »64. 6 31. 00 « lè 2 »8 -8 -48 3 58. 3 28.00 »8-8-48 Cincinnati, Ohio 58.3 28.00 lè 2 8}-4J-48 12 54.2 26.00 8J-4Ì-48 Cleveland, Ohio "58.3 28.00 - lè 2 » 8J-4J-48 12 50.0 24.00 8J-4M8 Columbus, Ohio I 52. 1 25.00 lè 2 8J-4J-48 12 50.0 24.00 83-4M8 Des Moines, Iowa ¡3 58.3 28.00 « lè 2 w 9 -4 -48 12 54.2 26.00 8f-4*-48 Detroit, Mich !^58.3 28.00 « lè 2 8HH8 12 »43.8 21.00 8i-4i~48 (¡rand Rapids, Mich ¡»41.7 20.00 lè 2 8?-4§-4S 12 »41.7 20.00 8HH» Kansas Citv. Mo ; 58. 3 28.00 » 1) 2 8^-4^-48 12 54.2 26.00 8}-4J-48 Milwaukee) Wis ! 58. 3 28.00 » 1$ 2 8]-4J-48 12 »54.2 26.00 8HH8 Minneapolis, Minn | 56.3 27.00 ¡*1* 2 8*-4[-48 12 56.3 27.00 8f4J-48

1 Double time after 3 hours, and on Saturday after completion of 48-hour week. 2 Hours vary but total 48 per week . » More than half of the members received more than the s<*ale; amount not reported. * Double time after midnight. & Scale bccame 66.7 cents on June 1, 1918. * Double time after 4 hours. I Time and one-half for New Years, Memorial, and Thanksgiving days. 8 Double time after 3 hours. » Time and one-half after 10 p. m. »0 Rate in cents per hour. II Overtime rate plus 50 cents per day. I'er 1,000 ems nonpareil, and 50 cents per day additional. i*44 hours per week, May to August, inclusive. »« Double time after 10.30 p. m. x Double time after 10 p. m. ifi 45 hours per week, June to August, inclusive. " Senile l>ecame 60.4 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. w 8* hours on Thursdays and Fridays. " More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 60.4 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. »® Double time after 9 p. m. 14X4]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PHOTO-ENGRAVERS- Concluded.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Kate of wages- Mos wagüs- Geographical division and -with °ity Hours: Sat- Hours: For Full days; ur- Full days; Per y Sun- Saturdays; day Per Saturdays; Per week, / days full week. half Per week, full week, hour, full ?yj?~ 1 and holi- hour, full time. 1 holiday. time. days.

NORTH CENTRAL - concluded. Omaha, Nebr. : Regular rate Halftone photographers multiplied and finishers, and cop- Cents Dolls by- Cents Dolls

per etchers i 58. 3 28. 00 1J 2 * 8J-4Í-48 12 1 52. 1 25. 00 2 8f-4£-48 Zinc etchers, routers, and blockers 158.3 28.00 li 2 a8f-4i-48 12 147.9 23.00 2 8f-4*-48 Printersandstrippers i58.3 28.00 li 2 S8î-4f48 12 143.8 21.00 2 8f-4i-48 St. Paul, Minn 56.3 27.00 3 1* 2 8*-4i-48 12 56.3 27.00 8f-4i-48 SOUTH CENTRAL.

Dallas, Tex 58.3 28.00 s 2 8Î-4J-48 12 54.2 26.00 8f-4f-48 Houston, Tex 158.3 28.00 » l£ 2 2 8^-4^-48 12 54.2 26.00 2 8£-4Í-48 WESTERN.

Denver, Colo 52.1 25.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Los Angeles, Cal 1 50.0 24.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 150.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Portland, Oreg 1 62.5 30.00 1* 2 8 -8 -48 ...... 62.5 30.00 8 -8 -48 Salt Lake City, Utah 1 50.0 24. 00 1* 1* 8-8-48 1 50.0 24. 00 8 -8 -48 San Francisco, Cal 168.2 30.00 4 li 2 8 -4 -44 12 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Seattle, Wash »78.4 34.50 li 2 8 -4 -44 12 68.2 30.00 8 -4 -44 Spokane, Wash 1 57.3 27.50 li 2 8 -8 -48 57.3 27.50 8 -8 -48

PRESS FEEDERS.

NORTH CENTRAL. Chicago. 111.: Cylinder presses, seniors... 1 43.8 21.00 6 li 2 2 8 -8 -48 i38.5 18.50 2 8 -8 -48 Cylinder presses less than 25 by 38 inches, juniors. . 32.3 15.50 6 li 2 2 8 -8 -48 29.2 14.00 2 8 -8 -48 Colt and Universal presses, juniors 13O.2 14.50 «li 2 2 8 -8 -48 i27.1 13.00 2 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 29.2 14.00 6 li 2 2 8 -8 -48 i26.0 12.50 2 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 folding machine 46. 9 22. 50 e li 2 2 8 -8 -48 41. 7 20. 00 2 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 automatic folding machines 53. 1 25. 50 6 li 2 2 8 -8 -48 47. 9 23. 00 2 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 automatic folding machines 59.4 28.50 6 li 2 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 2 8 -8 -48 Press assistants, single rotary presses 46.9 22.50 «li 2 2 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 2 8 -8 -48 Tension men, 2-roll Cottrell 96-page rotary presses.... 54.2 26.00 e li 2 2 8 -8 -48 49.0 23.50 2 8 -8 -48 Oilers, 2-roll Cottrell, 96- page rotary presses 51. 0 24. 50 6 li 2 2 8 -8 -48 44. 8 21. 50 2 8 -8 -48 Cincinnati, Ohio:

Cylinder presses 37. 5 18. 00 li 2 8 -8 -48 33. 3 16. 00 8 -8 -48 Operators, assistants, automatic folding machines 39. 6 19. 00 li 2 8 -8 -48 (7) (7) (7) Operating 1 automatic folding machine 43.8 8 21.00 H 2 8 -8 -48 mi (7) m

1 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. * Hours vary but total 48 per week. 8 Double timo after 9 p. m. 4 Double time after 4 hours, triple time after 8 hours. 6 Scale became 81.8 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 6 Double time after 3 hours, and on Saturday after completion of 48-hour week. 7 No scale in effect on May 15, 1917. 8 And $2 for each additional machine. [485]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB -Continued. PRESS FEEDERS- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Mos wagœ- Geographical division and _ with

city Hours: _ Sat- Hours: For Full days; ur- Full days; Per -pftr Sun- Saturdays; day Per Saturdays; Per week, days full week. half Per week, full week, hour, full ?y*T~ and holi- hour, full time. time- holi- day. time. days.

north central- continued. Regular rate multiplied Cleveland, Ohio: Cents. Dolls. by- Cents. Dolls.

Folding-machine operators. 43. 8 21. 00 * 1$ 2 8 -8 -48 39. 6 19. 00 8 -8 -48 2-color cylinder presses.... 39.6 19.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 »35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Cylinder presses over 34 inches or folding machines 37.5 18.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 33.3 16.00 8 -8 -48 Cylinderpresses(females).. 35.4 17.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 (8) (3) (3) Assistants, platen presses.. 234.4 16.50 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 3 30. 2 14.50 8 -8 -48 Colt, Universal or cylinder presses, under 34 inches.. 31.3 15.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 »27.1 13.00 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 29.2 14.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 2 25.0 12.00 8 -8 -48 Columbus. Ohio 37.5 18.00 Uè 2 «8-8-48 »31.3 15.00 <8-8-48

Davenport. Iowa, and Mo- line ana Rock Island, 111. : Cylinder presses 39.0 18.70 lè 2 8 -8 -48 33.3 16.00 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 25.2 12.10 lè 2 8 -8 -48 20.8 10.00 8 -8 -48 Des Moines, Iowa: Cylinder presses 37.5 18.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 32.3 15.50 8 -8 -48 Folding-machine operators. 37.5 18.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 2 33. 3 16.00 8 -8 -48 Rotary presses 2 39. 6 19.00 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48

Detroit, Mich.: Cylinder presses, over 62 inches 41.7 20.00 6lè 2 8f-4J-48 12 39.6 19.00 82-4 J-48 Cylinder presses, 25 by 38 inches and over 37.5 18.00 Uè 2 8ï-4i-48 12 35.4 17.00 82-4 J-4» Cylinder presses less than 25 by 38 inches 33.3 16.00 Uè 2 85-4J-48 12 31.3 15.00 Automatic presses, or Kelly presses, hand fed.. 33.3 16.00 Uè 2 8MH8 12 31.3 15.00 83-4Ì-48 Platen presses 31.3 15.00 Uè 2 8Î-4J-48 12 29.2 14.00 8MÌ-48 Grand Rapids, Mich.: Cyl- inder presses 2 31. 3 15.00 Uè 2 < 8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 <8-8-48

Indianapolis, Ind. : Cylinder presses, pony 33.3 16.00 7 lè 2 <8 -8 -48 28.3 13.56 8 -8 -48 Cylinder presses 39.6 19.00 lè 2 8 -8 -48 34.5 16.56 8 -8 -48

Kansas City, Mo.: Cylinder presses, patent inside *39.6 19.00 Uè 2 <8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 <8-8-48 C3*linder presses, 24 by 36 inches or over, or automatic feed 837.5 18.00 Uè 2 < 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 <8-8-48 Rotary web presses »37.5 is. 00 Uè 2 <8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 <8-8-48 Cylinder presses, less than 24 by 36 inches »>33.3 16.00 Uè 2 <8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 <8-8 .-48 Platen presses "25.0 12.00 Uè 2 <8-8-48! 22.9 1 11.00 <8-8-48 1 Double time after midnight. 2 More than half of the members received more than the scalo; amount not reported. 3 No scalp in effect 011 May 15, 1917. < Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 6 Double time after 5 hours. 6 Double time after 10 p. m. I Double time after 4 hours, and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 8 Scale became 41.7 cents on June 15, 1918. 9 Double time after 9 p. m. 10 Scale became 37.5 cents on June 15, 1918. II More than half of the members received more than the scalè; amount not reported. Scale became 29.2

cents on June 15, 1918.

[486]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESS FEEDERS- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Mos. wagls- Geographical division and _ with

city. Hours: _ Sat- Hours: For Full days; ur- Full days; Per F Sun- Saturdays; day Per Saturdays; Per week, _ days full week. half Per week, full week, hour, full PZ®? _ and holi- hour, full time. holiday. time. days.

NORTH CEÎTTEAL- concluded. Milwaukee, Wis.: Cylinder presses, 25 >w 3" inches or ov°r. or auto- Reguiar rate matin or folding- multiplied ' machine operators, or Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. assistants and loggers.... 137.5 18.00 * 1J 2 » 8 -8 -48 34.9 16.75 »8-8-48 Operating 1 folding machine * 40. 6 19.50 2 1¿ 2 » 8 -8 -48 38.0 18.25 »8-8-48 Operating 2 folding machines 546.9 22.50 a I* 2 » 8 -8 -48 ...... 44.3 21.25 »8-8-48 Cylinder presses, less than 25 by 38 inches «29.2 14.00 * 1J 2 » 8 -8 -48 ...... 26.6 12.75 »8-8 -48

Minneapolis, Minn.: Cylinder presses *32.5 16.09 >1} »2 » 9 -4 -49 12 32.5 16.09 »9-4 -49 Platen presses 1023.5 11.63 2 li »2 »9 -4 -49 12 23.5 11.63 * 9 -4 -49

St. Louis, Mo.: Cylinder presses, 24 by 36 inches and over "39.0 18. 70 s 1J 2 8 -8 -48 n35.4 17. 00 8 -8 -48 Cylinder presses less than 24 by 36 inches 32.1 15.40 2 1* 2 8 -8 -48 29.2 14.00 8 -8 -48 Operating on 2 automatic machines less than 24 by 36 inches 51.6 24.75 2 ii 2 8 -8 -48 46.9 22.50 8 -8 -48 Assistants, rotary web presses 50.4 24.20 Uj 2 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48

St. Paul, Minn.: Cylinder presses 34.9 17.26 12 1$ is 2 »9 -4 -49 12 32.5 16.09 »9-4-49 Helpers on rotary web presses 37.3 18.26 «li i»2 » 9 -4 -49 12 34.9 17.09 »9-4-40

Wichita, Kans.: Cylinder «31.3 15.00 2 li 2 »8-8-48 31.3 15.00 »8-8-48 Platen "25.0 12.00 2 li 2 » 8 -8 -48 25.0 12.00 »8-8-48

SOUTH CENTRAL. Dallas, Tex.: Cylinder presses 37.5 18.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 33.3 16.00. 8 -8 -48 Press assistants 37.5 18.00 1* 2 8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48

Houston, Tex.: Cylinder presses "31.3 15.00 li 2 .1« 8 -8 -48 4 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48 Little Rock, Ark.: Cylinder presses 29.2 14.00 li "2 8-8-48 29.2 14.00 8 -8 -48 Cylinder presses, newspaper offices 31.3 15.00 li «2 8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48

Platen presses 16.7 8.00 H «2 8 -8 -48 16.7 -8.00 . 8 -8 .-48 1 More than half of the members received more tnan the scale; amount not reported, scale became

43.8 cents on July 1. 1918. 2 Double time after midnight. » Hours vary but total 48 per week. < More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 46.9 cents on July 1, 1918. 6 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 53.1 cents on July 1, 1918. « Scale became 35.4 cents on July 1, 1918. ? Scale became 39.5 cents on Juno 1, 1918. » For Sundays, July 4, and Christmas; other holidays, time and one-half. # Work 49 hours, paid for 49i. i° Scale became 28.5 cents on June 1, 1918. 11 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. 12 Double time after 4 hours. is For New Year's, Memorial, and Thanksgiving days, time and one-half. n 44 hours per week, May to August, inclusive. ** For Sundays, Labor Day, and Christmas; other holidays, time and one-half.

[487]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESS FEEDERS - Concluded.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Mos wagL°- Geographical division and - v „ with

citv. „ Hours: Sat- Hours: For Full days; ur- Full days; Per -pft Sun- Saturdays; day Per Saturdays; Per week, '"J. days full week. half Per week, full week, hour, full Srn«" and holi- hour, full time. holiday. time. days.

south central- concluded. Regular rate

Louisville, Ky.: multiplied Attendant on 1 automatic Cents. Dolls . by- Cents. Dolls. feed cylinder press 33.3 16.00 Mi 2 8*-4i^8 12 30.2 14.50 83-4¿-48 Attendant on 2 automatic feed cylinder presses 37.5 18.00 i 1J 2 8Mt-48 12 34.4 16.50 83-4Í-48 Cylinder presses 32.3 15.50 i li 2 8f-4i-48 12 29.2 14.00 8|-4i-48 Platen presses 25.0 12.00 ili 2 8HJ-48 12 21.9 10.50 8f-4i"48 Memphis, Tenn.: Cylinder presses 31.3 15.00 li 2 «8 -8 -48 28.1 13.50 *8 -8 -18

Nashville, Tenn.: Cylinder presses 8 27.1 13.00 li 2 «8 -8 -48 27.1 13.00 *8 -8 -18 Cylinder presses (females).. »20.8 10.00 lj 2 »8-8-18 20.8 10.00 »8-8-48 Assistants, platen presses. . *22.9 11.00 li 2 *8 -8 -18 22.9 11.00 *8 -8 -48 New Orleans, La.: Cylinder presses 34.4 16.50 li li 8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48

WESTERN. Butte, Mont.: Cylinder presses »37.5 18.00 li 2 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -18 Platen presses »28.1 13.50 li 2 8 -8 -48 28.1 13.50 8 -8 -48

Denver, * Colo.: Cylinder presses 39.6 19.00 '«li 2 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Los Angeles, Cal.: Cylinder presses 39. 6 19. 00 i li 2 8 -8 -48 35. 4 17. 00 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 33.3 16.00 ili 2 8 -8 -48 29.2 14.00 8 -8 -48 Universal presses 35.4 17.00 i li 2 8 -8 -48 : 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48

Portland, Oreg.: Cylinder presses ¡*37.5 18.00 li U 8 -8 -48 34.4 16.50 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 3 31.3 15.00 li li 8 -8 -48 29.2 14.00 8 -8 -48 Salt Lake City. Utah: Press assistants, cylinder presses. 37.5 18.00 li li 8 -8 -18 8 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48 San Francisco, Cal.: Cylinder presses 40.6 19.50 Mi li 8 -8 -48 34.4 16.50 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 34.4 16.50 Mi li 8 -8 -48 28.1 13.50 8 -8 -48 Soâttlo Wäsh * Cylinder presses 39.6 19.00 li li 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 33.3 16.00 li li 8 -8 -48 30.2 14.50 8 -8 -48

Spokane, Wash.: Cylinder presses «34.4 16.50 Mi 2 8 -8 -48 34.4 16.50 8 -8 -48 Colt, Golding, or Uni- versal presses 829.2 14.00 Mi 2 8 -8 -48 29.2 14.00 8 -8 -48 Platen presses 8 28.1 13.50 Mi 2 8 -8 -48 28.1 13.50 8 -8 -48

PRESSMEN: Cylinder.

NORTH CENTRAL. Chicago, 111.: Operating 1 cylinder press not over 28 by 42 inches and not more than 3 platen presses 53. 1 25. 50 Mi 2 * 8 -8 -48 47. 9 23. 00 * 8 -8 -48

Operating 1 single-roll rotary press (web press) .. . 64.6 31.00 Mi 2 *8 -8 -48 59.4 28.50 *8 -8 -48

1 Double time after midnight. * Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 8 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. * Double time after 4 hours. * Double timo after 3 hours, and on Saturday after completion of 48-hour week. [488]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESSMEN: Cylinder-Continued .

May 15, 1918. I May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- wages^ wages Mos. wages Geographical division and Hours with - Hours , „ city. Hours - Sat. - Hours , „ -

For Full days; Full days; Per v Sun- Saturdays; "J®?/ Per Saturdays; Per week, v days full week, J™,,1 Per week, full week, hour, full and 5°"" hour, full time. -,me- holi- daytime. days.

north centrál - continued. Chicago, 111. - Concluded. Regular rate Operating 1 ('ox duplex multiplied press or 1 Goss flat-bed Cents. Dolls. by- Cents. Dolls. press 66.7 32.00 * 1J 2 » 8 -8 -48 61.5 29.50 »8-8-48

Operating 1 double impression, 2 sheets to 1 cylinder, 1 or 2 color press 67. 7 32. 50 * 1J 2 »8 -8 -48 62. 5 30. 00 »8-8-48 Operating 1 ¿ingle-roll rotary press over 57 inches ». 69.8 33.50 i 1* 2 » 8 -8 -48 64.6 31.00 »8-8-48

Operating 2-roll Cottrell 96- page rotary press, or 1- roll magazine press 82. 3 39. 50 1 1 J 2 » 8 -8 -48 77. 1 37. 00 »8-8-48

Operating 1 press with Up- ham attachment 4 59.4 28.50 UJ 2 »8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 »8-8-48 Cincinnati, Ohio: Operating 1 double cylinder or 2 color presses over .53 inches 57. 8 27. 75 1J 2 8-8-48 57. 8 27. 75 8 -8 -48 Operating rotary web presses, first position 59. 9 28. 75 1} 2 8 -8 -48 59. 9 28. 75 8 -8 -48

Operating 1 single-color Harris press or 1 automatic press 38.0 18.25 1J 2 8 -8 -48 38.0 18.25 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 automatic presses 43.2 20.75 1J 2 8 -8 -48 43.2 20.75 8 -8 -48

Operating 1 perfecting press0 47.4 22.75 1* 2 8 -8 -48 47.4 22.75 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 single presses over 53 inches or 1 double or 2-color press less than 33 inches 54.7 26.25 H 2 8 -8 -48 54.7 26.25 8 -8 -48 O Derating 4 bag presses.... 55.7 26.75 U 2 8 -8 -48 55.7 26.75 8 -8 -48

Cleveland, Ohio 50.0 24.00 «14 2 8 -8 -48 7 43. 8 21.00 8 -8 -48 Columbus, Ohio 49.0 23.50 «li 1J *8 -8 -48 42.7 20.50 »8-8-48 Davenport. Iowa, and Mo- hne and Rock Island, 111. : Operating I cylinder and 2 platen presses or 2 cvlinder presses : 56. 1 26. 95 14 2 8 -8 -48 49. 0 23. 50 8 -8 -48 O nera ting 1 press 50.4 24.20 H 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48 Des Moines, Iowa 47.9 23.00 « 1.J 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48

Operating rotary presses... 52.1 25.00 « 1§ 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 8 -8 -48 Detroit, Mich.: Operating 1 double cylinder or 2-color press 52.1 25.00 » 1} 2 8f-4{-48 12 50.0 24.00 8Î-4J-48 Operating 2 presses 50.0 24.00 8 lj 2 8Î-4Î-48 12 47.9 23.00 8|-4i-48 Operating 1 double-roll rotary press 54.2 26.00 81J 2 8J-4i-*8 12 52.1 25.00 SJ-4Ì-48 Operating 1 Kelly automatic or Harris press 43.8 21.00 8 1} 2 8J-4J-48 12 41.7 20.00 8J-4Ì-48 Operating 1 Standard press 39.6 19.00 8 1} 2 8}-4±-48 12 37.5 18.00 8$-4{-48

1 Double time after 3 hours, and on Saturday after completion of 48-hour week. » Hours vary, but total 48 per week. a Or Scott rotary press or 1 single-roll 80-page Goss rotary press, or in charge of 2-roll magazine rotary press, or operating 1 double-roll rotary press, or second man on double-roll Cottrell rotary press. * Or 1 double-cylinder flat-bed perfecting press, oj 3 patent inside blanket presses, or 1 press larger than 28 by 42 inches and not more than 3 job presses, or 2 Kidder ticket presses, or 2 automatic presses, or 2 Kelly presses, or 2 Ostend presses, or 2 Stokes & Smith automatic presses, or 2 Harris presses. 5 Or 2 single-roll presses less than 53 inches, or 1 cylinder and 3 platen presses. « Double time after midnight. i More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. » Double time after 5 hours.

3 3 [4891




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IX EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 191 7 - Continued .

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESSMEN: Cylinder- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May ir», 1917.

Rate of wages- wages^ Geography division and -

Hours__ with Houri^ Per F Sun- Ratnrdavs- Per S^tnrdSrc- Per week, F days fandet Ml

Ratnrdavs- week. Por weck» full fuli week week. hour, full and Ml week. holi. hour fnll full fuli week week.

time. ^ holiday. time. days.

north central- continued. Regular rate multiplied Grand Rapids, Mich.: Ot> Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Doll i

prating lor 2 presses...:.. 43.8 21.00 1 1J 2 * 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48 Indianapolis, Ind.: Operating l or 2 cylinder or automatic presses 52.1 2r>.0& ' 1J 2 8 -8 -48 47. 3 22.80 8 -8 -48 Operating rotary web press 59.4 28.50 *14 2 8 -8 -48 54.8 26.30 8-8-48 Kansas City, Mo.: ! O perating 1 cylinder press, over 24 by 36 inches, and i ' | 2 platen presses 4 #56.3 27.00 *1J | 2 «8-8-48 ¡ 56.3 27.03 * 8 -8 -48

Operating 1 or 2 cylinder I i ' presses 24 by 36 inches or ¡ j under M3.8 21.00 • H 2 »8 -8 -48 43. S 21.00 * 8 -S -48

Operating 2 cylinder • ¡ I presses, under a fore- man® »50.0 24.00 MJ 2 «8-8-48 50.0 24.00 * 8 -S -48

Operating 1 cylinder press I 24 by 36 inches or under and 2 platen presses 47.» 23.00 2 »8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 *8 -8 -48 Operating 1 press over 24 by 36, up to 38 by 56 inches "45.8 22.00 Mi 2 »8-8-48 45.8 22.00 *8-8-48

Operating l double-roll rotary prèssa "55.2 26.50 «li 2 »8 -8 -48 55.2 26.50 =8 -8 -48

Milwaukee, Wis.: Operating 1 or 2 cylinder presses, or one 3-cvlinder patent in- | I ! side blanket press **50.0 24.00 2 »8-8-48 *0.0 ¡24.00 = 8 -8-48

Minneapolis, Minn.: ! Foremen over 4 or more j presses »«52.0 25.74 ««14 «2 »«9 -4 -49 12 52.0 25.74 »«9-4-49 Operating 1 or 2 presses... "45.0 22.28 »«1* »2 »«9 -4 -49 12 45.0 22.28 i«9-4-49 Operating 3 presses »«50.0 24. 75 »« 1J "2 »«9 -4 -49 12 50. 0 24. 75 »• 9 -4 -49

Omaha, Nebr.: Operating 1 I or 2 presses 43.8 21.00 »» 1} H 8-8-48 41. 7 i 20.00 8 -8 -48 Peoria, 111.: In charge of 2 presses or 1

cylinder ana 2 platen i presses 41.7 20.00 »»li 2 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 j 8-8-48

In charge of 3 presses 45.8 22.00 »' 1Î 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48

In charge of 4 presses 50.0 24.00 »* 1$ 2 8 -8 -48 47 9 23 00 8 -8 -48 In charge of 5 or more presses 56.3 27.00 »MJ | 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 ¡ 8-8-48

1 Double time after 10 p. m. * Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 8 Double time after 10 p. m. and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 4 Or in charge of 2 or more cylinder presses, or 2 cylinder presses 24 by 36 inches or over. 6 Scale became 60.4 cents on'June 15, 1918. « Double time after 9 p. m. 7 Scale became 47.£cents-on June 15, 1918. 8 Or 1 press over 38 by 56 inches, or one 2-color or 1 double-ender press. 9 Scale l>ecame 54.2 cents on June 15, 1918. 10 Scale Tiecame 50 cents on June 15, 1918. »' Scale Tiecame 59.4 cents on June 15, 1918. 12 Scale became 54.2 cents on July 1, 1918. 13 Double time after midnight. 14 Scale became 61 cents and 48 hours on June'l, 1918. is por New Year's, Memorial, and Thanksgiving days, time and one-half. »« Work 49 hours, paid for 49$. »7 Scale became 53 cents and 48 hours on June 1, 1918. i» Scale became 59 cents and 48 hours on June 1, 1918. i» Double time after midnight and on Saturday after 5 p. m. [490]




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918» AND MAY 15, 1917- Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB Continued. PRESSMEN: Cylinder- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate oí wages- I Mos» Geographical division and ~ with Pit v Hour ~ ü - Hours -

For Full days; zjj" Full days; Per v Sua- Saturdays; Kot/ Per Saturdays; Per week, v days full week. ír,¿ Per week, full week, hour, full Í?"- tune- and 5?!f **7. hour, full time. tune- holí- **7. time. days.

north central- concluded . Reçular rate multiplied St. Louis, Mo.: Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. DolU.

Operating 1 press 43.5 20.90 1 1J 2 8 -3 -48 39.6 19.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 presses under 24 by 36inches« 48.1 23.10 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 cylinder press over 24 bv 36 inches and 1 or 2 platen presses«.... 52.7 25.30 »1J 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 ¡ 23.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 press over 24 i by 36 inches and 1 automatic press, or one 2- color Harris press over j 15 by 18 inches, or 2 i automatic presses 61. 9 29. 70 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 j 56. 3 | 27. 00 8 -8 -48

Operating 1 Harris press I 15 by 18 inches or under I and 1 or 2 platen presses. 53. 9 25.85 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 49.0 23.50 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 sinirle ordouble 1 roll rotary press 63.0 30.25 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 57.3 | 27.50 8 -8 -48

Operating second position, I double-roll rotary press« 56.1 26.95 Uè 2 8 -8 -48 51.0 i 24.50 8 -8 -48

St. Paul, Minn.: Operating 1 sinsrle and 1 double cylinder pre ss... 5 52.1 25.00 • li 7 2 8J-4M8 12 51.0 1 24.50 «9-4-40 Operating 2 single presses. . à 46.9 1 22.50 • lj 7 2 8Ì-4J-48 12 45. 8 j 22.00 «9-4-49 In charge of single-rotar press 53.1 25.50 *lè 7 2 8f-4J-4» 12 52.1 25.00 «9-4-49 In charge of double-rotary I press 57.3 27.50 « '' 7 2 8J-4J-48 12 56.3 27.00 »9-4-49

In charee of triple-rotary i press. 63*5 30.50 «li 7 2 8J-4 J-4» 12 62.5 30.00 «9-4-49 SOUTH CENTRAL. i

Birmingham, > la.: i ¡ Operating 1 pr.ss • 36.5 17. 50 »«li 2 n g -8 -48 ! 36. 5 17. 50 » 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 presses *44.8 21.50 >*lj 2 " 8 -8 -48 44.8 21.50 "8-8-48 In charge of 1 cylinder and 2 or more platen presse.;.. »50.0 24.00 »1J 2 » 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 «8-8-48 In charge of 2 or 3 cylinder 1 and 2 or more platen presses »53.1 25.50 " 1J 2 " 8 -8 -48 53.1 ¡25.50 "8-8-48

In charge of 4 or more cylinder and 4 or more i Í platen presses »57.3 ¡ 27. 50 | "»li 2 » 8 -8 -48 57.3 ; 27.50 "8-8-48 i Double time after midnight. > Or 1 press under 24 by 30 inches and 2 platen presses, or 1 single Harris press 15 by 18 inches or under, or 1 platen press without automatic feed and 1 cylinder press under 24 by 36 inches, or 1 automatic press. * Or 1 press 24 by 36 inches or over and 1 press with automatic feed, or 1 auto press and 2 platen presses. « Or operating 1 press 68 inches or over, or 1 double perfecting press, or 2 presses 24 by 36 inches and

over, or 1 press under 24 by 36inches and 1 automatic press, orone2-color press, or one 2-color Harris press 15 by 18 inches or under, or 2 single Harris presses 15 by 18 inches or under, or 1 press 24 by 36 inches or over and 1 single Harris press 15 by 18 Inches or under. 5 Scale became 54 cents on June 1, 1918. « Double time after 4 hours. 7 For Memorial and Thanksgiving days, time and one-half. 8 Work 49 hours, paid for 49$. » More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. *> Time and one-half after 1 hour. » Hours vary, but total 48 per week.

100785°- 19 12 [491]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESSMEN: Cylinder- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages - Mos waSes

Geographical division and witvi - I city.

Hour»- q": - Hours- For Full days; Full days; Per « Sun- Saturdays; 7 Per Saturdays; Per week, A_rl days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full and hour, full' time. time- holi- time.

days.

south central- concluded. Regular rate multiplied Dallas, Tex.: Cents. Dolls. by- Cents. Dolls. Journeymen, shops A 56.3 27.00 14 2 8-8-48 52. 1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Journeymen, shops B 57.3 27.50 1§ 2 8 -8 -48 52. 1 25.00 8 -8 -48 In charge of 2 or more

presses 60.4 29.00 1* 2 8 -8 -48 57.3 27.50 8 -8 -48 Houston, Tex.: • In charge of 1 cylinder and | 1 or more platen presses or 2 or more cylinder : presses 52.1 25.00 14 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses 1 46.9 22. 50 1 4 2 8 -8 -48 . 46. 9 22. 50 8 -8 -48 Assistants »39.6 19.00 1* 2 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 8 -8 -48 Little Rock . Ark . : Operating 1 cylinder and 1 platen press or 2 cylinder presses »42.7 20.50 1J *2 » 8 -8 -48 42.7 20.50 »8-8-48 Louisville, Ky. : Operating 1 press, or 1 pony press and 1 platen press.. 39.6 19.00 4 1J 2 8fr-4i-48 12 36.5 17.50 8f-4J-48 Operating 1 press over 25 by 38 inches and 2 platen presses, ori Harrispress, or 1 Kidder press 42.7 20.50 4 1J 2 8MÌ-48 12 39.6 19.00 8Ì-4M8 Operating 1 cylinder press and 1 automatic-feed press... 47.9 23.00 4 1* 2 8J-4*-48 12 44.8 21.50 8MÌ-48 Operating 2 presses 45.8 22.00 4 lj 2 8Ì-4f48 12 42.7 20.50 8M1-48 Operating 2 automatic feed Presses 51.0 24.50 4 1J 2 8MÌ-48 12 47.9 23 00 83-41-48 Memphis, Tenn. : In charge of 2 cylinder presses 52.1 25.00 1J 2 * 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 «8-8-48 Operating 1 press 37.5 18.00 14 2 *8 -8 -48 34.4 16.50 »8-8-48 Operating 2 presses 47.9 23.00 l' 2 »8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 »8-8-48 Nashville, Tenn.: In charge of 2 presses 1 43.8 21.00 1J 2 . 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 presses »41.7 20.00 1$ 2 »8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 8 -8 -48 In charge of magazine rotary press * 62.5 30.00 li 2 »8 -8 -48 62.5 30.00 8 -8 -48 Assistants, first, on rotary press 1 29.2 14.00 1§ 2 »8 -8 -48 29.2 14.00 8 -8 -48 Assistants, second, on rotary press 1 27.1 13.00 1J 2 »8 -8 -48 27.1 13.00 8 -8 -48 New Orleans, La.: Operat- ing 1 or 2 presses, or platen and combination automatic press 43.8 21.00 1§ 1J 8 -8 -48 40.6 19.50 8 -8 -48

WESTERN. Butte, Mont * 62.5 30.00 • 1* 2 8-8-48 62.5 30.00 8 -8 -48 Denver, Colo.: Operating 1 or 2 presses 59.4 28.50 *14 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 In charge of 1 to 4 presses.. 63.5 30.50 *1} 2 8 -8 -48 58.3 28.00 8 -8 -48 In charge of 5 presses 67.7 32.50 » 1$ 2 8 -8 -48 62.5 30.00 8 -8 -48

1 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. » For New Year's Day, July 4, and Thanksgiving Day*, time and one-half. » Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 4 Double time after midnight. 6 Scale became 75 cents on July 6, 1918. * Double time after 4 hours and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 1 Double time after 4 hours. [492]



MONTHLY LABOB REVIEW. 175

UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917 - Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESSMEN: Cylinder- Concluded.

May 15, 191«. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Geographical J

division md Hoar»- £* Hour*- J For Foil days; „X Full days; Per ■» Sun- Saturdays; |Lrf7 Per Saturdays; Per week, '¡J, days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full ?,T"- time- and J«*" hour, full time. time- holi- time.

days.

WESTERN- concluded. Regular rate multiplied Los Angeles, Cal.: Cents. Dolls. bp- Cents. Dolls. In charge of presses 59.4 28. 50 * 1J 2 8-8-48 55. 2 26. 50 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 or 2 presses, or 51.0 24. 50 * l' 2 8-8-48 46. 9 22. 50 8 -8 -48 1 cylinder and 2 platen presses

Operating 1 Cox or Ooss flat-bed press 56.3 27.00 * 1J 2 8-8-48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Portland, Oreg 53.1 25.50 14 1} 8 -8 -48 46.9 22.50 8 -8 -48 Salt Lake City, Utah *50.0 24.00 * l| 1 8 -8-48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 San Francisco, Cal.: In charge of 2 or more cylinder presses, or 2 or more cylinder presses and 1 or more platen presses, or 1 cylinder and 3 or more platen presses.. 68.8 33.00 1 1| « 1| 8-8 -48 62.5 30.00 8 -8-48 In charge of 1 cylinder and 2 platen presses 62.5 30.00 1 1J « 1$ 8 -8 -48 56.3 27.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 flat-béd web

press 62.5 30.00 » 1* » 1J 8 -8 -48 62.5 30.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 cylinder, or 1 cylinder and 2 platen presses 59.4 28.50 » 1J 1 1J 8 -8 -48 56.3 27.00 8- 8 -48 Operating 1 hand job and 1 or 2 platen presses, or 1 hanď job and 1 automatic platen press 56.3 27.00 114 »11 8-8-48 (<) («) («) Operating 1 press 54.2 26.00 »lj »1* 8-8-48 50.0 24.00 8-8-48 Operating 1 hand job press. 50.0 24.00 * 14 »1* 8-8-48 (*) w («) w (*) w Seattle, Wash.: press. (*) w («) w (*) w

In charge of presses »62.5 30.00 1} H 8 -8 -48 56.3 27.00 8 -8 -48 Operating lor 2 presses.... «57.3 27.50 1| l{ 8 -8 -48 51.0 24.50 8 -8 -48 Spokane, Wash.: In charge of 2 or more presses 62.5 30.00 * 1J 2 8 -8 -48 57.3 27.50 8 -8-48 Operating lor more presses 55.2 26.50 * l| 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 cylinder and 3 platen presses 57.3 27.50 » 1J 2 8 -8 -48 52. 1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 cylinder, or 1 automatic press 50.0 24.00 i 1$ 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48

PRESSMXX: Platen. NORTH CENTRAL.

Chicago, III.: Operating Ito 3 presses.... 43.8 21.00 7 14 2 «8-8-48 »38.5 18.50 «8-8-48 Operating 4 presses 46.9 22.50 * 14 2 « 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 »8-8-48 Operating 5 presses 50.0 24.00 * 14 2 «8-8-48 44.8 21.50 «8-8-48 Operating 6 presses 53.1 25.50 * l| 2 «8-8-48 »47.9 23.00 «8-8-48 Operating 1 combination press with web attachment 51.0 24.50 MJ 2 8 8 -8 -48 45.8, 22.00 «8-8-48 1 Double time after midnight. * Scale became 63.5 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. » For Labor Day, double time. « No scale in effect on May 15, 1917. 6 Scale became 75 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. * Scale became 68.8 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 7 Double time after 3 hours and on Saturday after completion of 4S-hour week. 8 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. * More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported.

3 3 * [493]




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS 01 LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917- Continued.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB - Continued. PRESSMEN: Platen- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate oí wages- Mos. Geographical division and _ with „ city. Hours _ - „ Hours- For Full days; §* Full days; Per F * Sun- Saturdays; per Saturdays; Per week, F * days full week, Per week, full week, hour, week, full' ume* t0^-

days and ^ ú&y' hour, week, full' time. ume* holi- ú&y' time. days.

north central- continued. Regularrate multiplied Cincinnati, Ohio: Cents. Dolls . by- Cents. Dolls.

Operating 1 or 2 presses 37.5 18.00 1J 2 8 -8 -48 33.3 16.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 39.6 19.00 lè 2 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses 43.8 21.00 1£ 2 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 5 presses 47.9 23.00 lè 2 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48

Cleveland, Ohio: Operating 1 flat or rotary press 50.0 24.00 * 14 2 8 -8 -48 47.9 23.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 or 2 presses 39.6 19.00 1 1} 2 8 -8 -48 *33.3 16.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 or 4 presses 41.7 20.00 1 lj 2 8 -8 -48 *35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 5 to 8 presses 45.8 22.00 1 14 2 8 -8 -48 *39.6 19.00 8 -8 -48 Columbus, Ohio 45.8 22.00 * 1J lè «8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 »8-8-48

Davenport, Iowa, and Mol- ine and Rock Island, III... 41.3 19.80 lè 2 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Des Moines, Iowa: Operating 1 press *37.5 18.00 2 8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 presses 239.6 19.00 » 1J 2 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 41.7 20.00 1 1| 2 8-8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 Operating over 3 presses... 43.8 21.00 1 lè 2 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 8 -8 -48

Detroit, Mich.: Operating 1 or 2 presses 35.4 17.00 < 1J 2 8J-4J-48 lá 33.3 16.00 8MJ-48 Operating 3 presses 39.6 19.00 4 lj 2 81 1| 48 12 37.5 18.00 8î^f48 Operating 4 or 5 presses 43.8 21.00 < '' 2 8Î-4J-48 12 41.7 20.00 8| 48 Operating 6 presses 45.8 22.00 Uè 2 8J-4Í-48 12 43.8 21.00 8|-4{-48 Crand Rapids, Mich.: Operating lor 2 presses.... 35.4 17.00 Uè 2 » 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 »8-8-48 Operating 3 presses 37.5 18.00 & li 2 »8 -8-48 37.5 18.00 »8-8-48 Operating 4 presses 39.6 19.00 Uè 2 » 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 »8-8-48

Indianapolis, Ind.: Operating 1 or 2 presses. ... 37. 5 18. 00 « lè 2 8 -8 -48 32. 9 15. 80 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 41.7 20.00 «14 2 8 -8 -48 37.1 17.80 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses 45.8 22.00 «lè 2 8 -8 -48 41.3 19.80 8 -8-48 Operating 5 presses 50. 0 24.00 «1$ 2 8 -8 -48 45.4 21.80 8 -8 -48 Operating 6 presses 52.1 25.00 «lè 2 8 -8 -48 47.5 22.80 8 -8 -48 Kansas City, Mo.: Operating lor 2 presses.... 7 39. 6 19.00 » lè 2 » 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 »8-8-48 Operating 3 presses »41.7 20.00 »14 2 » 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 »8-8-48 Operating 4 presses *<43.8 21.00 »14 2 » 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 »8-8-48 In charge 4 or 5 presses....

"45.8 22.00 « l| 2 » 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 »8-8-48 Milwaukee, Wis.: Operating 1 or 2 presses. . . . »»37.5 18. 00 U* 2 3 8 -8 -48 34. 9 16. 75 » 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses »39.6 19.00 Uè 2 » 8 -8 -48 37.0 17.75 »8-8-48 Operating 4 presses »»43. 8 21. 00 *lè 2 »8-8-48 » 41.1 19. 75 »8-8-48 1 Double time after midnight. 9 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. 8 Hours vary but total 48 per week. « Double time after 5 hours. & Double time after 10 p. m. 6 Double time after 10 p. m. and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 7 Scale became 43.8 cents on June 15, 1918. » Double time after 9 p. m. > Scale became 45.8 cents on June 15, 1918. Scale became 47.9 cents on June 15, 1918. » Scale became 50 cents on June 15, 1918. 12 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became

43.8 cents on July 1, 1918. »» More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 47.9 cents on July 1, 1918.

[494]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESSMEN: Platen- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages ^ Geographical division and Hour*_ §£ ^ Houn_ For Full days; Full day*: Per Sun- Saturdays; "ÎJ? 7 Per Saturdays; Per week, days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full and hcu?. (uU time. lime" holi- <»?• time.

dayc.. I north central- concluded. ! Regular rate

multiplied Minneapolis, Minn.: 'Ctnts. Dolls. by- Cents. Dolls. Operatine: 1 or 2 presses. .J} 28.5 14. 11 2 14 » 2 « 9 -4 -49 12 28. 5 14. 11 «9-4 -49 Ope rati ng 3 presses 5 30.0 14.85 2 1§ »2 « 9 -4 -49 12 30.0 14.85 <9-4-49 ( Operati n g 4 or more presses,® 36.0 17.82 2 l£ «2 «9 -4 -49 12 36.0 17.82 « 9 -4 -49

Omaha, Nebr.: Operating 1 or 2 presses 7 *5.4 17.00 8 li 14 8 -8 -48 33.3 16.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses ...,7 37.5 18.00 8 1| 14 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses '39.6 19.00 8 14 1J 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 5 presses ¡M1.7 20.00 8 1£ '' 8 -8 -48 39.6 19.00 8 -8 -48 Peoria, 111.: i Operating 1 or 2 presses 131.3 15.00 2 li 2 8 -8 -48 29.2 14.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 33.3 16.00 2 l| 2 i 8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses 35.4 17.00 2 2 ; 8 -8 -48 33.3 16.00 8 -8 -48 St. Louis, Mo.: ; Operating 1 or 2 presses j ! with automatic feed or 1 ¡ 28-inch coupon press with automatic feed 39.0 18.70 * 1* 2 8 -8 -48 35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48

Operating 1 automatic feed | press and 1 hand feed press 42.4 20.35 2 1J 2 8 -8 -48 38.5 18.50 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses, or 1 42-inch coupon press or 2 presses with automatic feed or 2 hand presses with automatic feed 45.8 22.00 2 1$ 2 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 8 -8 -48 St. I aul, Minn.:

Operating 1 to 3 presses 34.4 16.50 » 1J im2 48 12 32.3 16.00 «9-4-49 Operating 4 presses or 1 ; Osteriind and 1 or 2 presses 39.6 »19.00 » 1J 10 2 8fr-4p*8 . 12 7 37 .4 "18.50 «9-4-49 SOUTH CENTRAL.

Birmingham, Ala.: i Operating 1 or 2 presses '35.4 17.00 12 H 2 «8 -8 -48 7 35.4 17.00 «8-8-48 Operating 3 to 5 presses . .. I7 37.5 18.00 12 1J 2 18 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 12 8 -8 -48 Operating 6 to 8 presses 7 41.7 2a 00 12 li 2 13 8 -8 -48 41.7 20.00 "8-8-48 In charge of 9 presses and over 7 45.8 22.00 "li 2 " 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 «8-8-48

Dallas, Tex.: Operating 1 to 4 presses 40.6 19.50 li 2 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48

Houston, Tex.: Operating 1 or 2 presses ¡7 35.4 17. 00 1J 2 "8 -8 -48 4 35. 4 17. 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 to 5 presses ¡7 40.6 ltf. 50 1J 2 " 8 -8 -48 4 40.6 19.50 8 -8 -48 Little Rock, Ark.: | Operating 1 automatic press 7 33.3 I 16.00 1J 16 2 "8 -8 -48 33.3 16.00 "8-8-48 Operating 3 or 4 presses ;73~.5 I 1&00 l{ 15 2 "8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 "8-8-48

1 Scale became 36 cents per hour and 8 hours on Saturday on June 1, 1918. 2 Double time after midnight. 3 Time and one-half for New Year's, Memorial, and Thanksgiving days. 4 W ork 49 hours , paid for 494. 5 Scale became 38 cents per hour and 8 hours on Saturday on June 1, 1918. 6 Scale became 42 cents per hour and 8 hours on Saturday on June 1, 1918. 7 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. 8 Double time after midnight and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 9 Double time after 4 hours. 10 Time and one-half on Thanksgiving and Memorial days. 11 And SI for each additional press up to $21.50 per week. l ime and one-half after 1 hour. 13 Hours varv, but total 48 per week. 14 44 hours per week, May to August, inclusive. lû For 3 holidays time and one-half. [495]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB- Continued. PRESSHEH: Platen- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate ol wages- ^ Geograph«*! division and Houre_ Hours_ For Full days; Full days; Per « Sun- Saturdays; Per Saturdays; Per week, J*. days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full and Í°'J" hour, full time. tune- holi- time.

days.

south central- concluded. ReguiarraU multiplied Louisville, Ky.: Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls.

Operating 1 press 30.2 11.50 ili 2 82 4} 48 12 27.1 13.00 8f-4J-48 Operating 2 presses 33. 3 16.00 Mj 2 8| 4Î 48 12 30.2 14.50 říf- 4i- 48 Operating 3 presses 35.4 17.00 1 1£ 2 8| lì 48 12 32.3 15.50 83-44-48 Operating 4 presses 37.5 18.00 *14 2 8f 4} 48 12 34.4 16.50 8f-4-i- 48 Operating 5 presses 39.6 19.00 1 1J 2 8i 48 12 36.5 17.50 8j-4¿-48 Memphis. Tenn.: Operating 1 automatic press 34.4 16.50 1J 2 *8 -8 -48 31.3 15.00 2 8 -8 -48 Operating 1 to 3 presses 37. 5 18. 00 14 2 * 8 -8 -48 29. 2 14. 00 2 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses 37.5 18.00 1J 2 *8 -8 -48 34.4 16.50 2 8 -8 -48

Nashville, Tenn.: Operating 3 presses 3 33.3 10. 00 u 2 >8 -8 -48 33. 3 16. 00 2 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses 3 35.4 17. 00 14 2 * 8 -8 -48 35. 4 17. 00 2 8 -8 -48 Operating 5 presses 3 39.6 19. 00 1 j 2 4 8 -8 -48 39. 6 19. 00 2 8 -8 -48 New Orleans, La 37.5 18.00 1$ 1§ 8 -8 -48 34.4 16.50 8 -8 -48

WESTERN. Butte, Mont <50.0 24.00 & 1J 2 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Denver, Colo.: Operating 1 or 2 presses 41.7 «20.00 7 li 2 8 -8 -48 41.7 2a 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 45.8 »22.00 71 2 8 -8 -48 45.8 22.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 or 5 presses 47.9 9 23.00 7 1 2 8 -8 -48 47. 9 23. 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 6 presses 52.1 ">25.00 7 1 2 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 7 presses 54.2 "26.00 7 1¿ 2 8 -8 -48 54.2 26.00 8 -8 -48 Los Angeles, Cal.: Operating 3 presses 44.8 21.50 ili % 8 -8 -48 40r6 19.50 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 presses 46.9 22.50 1 1J 2 8 -8 -48 42.9 2a 50 8 -8 -48 Operating more than 4 platen presses 49.0 23.50 *lè 2 8 -8 -48 44.8 21.50 8 -8 -48

Portland, Oreg.: In charge of 1 or 2 presses... 3 50.0 24.00 14 14 8 -8 -48 43.8 21.00 8 -8 -48 In charge of 3 or more 53. 1 25. 50 1J 1J 8 -8 -48 46. 9 22. 50 8 -8 -48 presses

Journeymen 46.9 22.50 1J 1$ 8 -8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 -8 -48 Salt Lake City, Utah: Operating 1 press "35.4 17.00 1 14 14 8 «8 -48 »35.4 17.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 2 presses "37.5 18. 00 1 1 ¡ 1 - 8-8-48 3 37. 5 18. 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses »?40.6 19. 50 1 L ; 1- 8 -8 -48 340. 6 19. 50 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 or 5 presses.. .. "43.8 21. 00 1 1| 1 8 -8 -48 3 43. 8 21. 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 6 presses "46.9 22. 50 1 14 1 8-8-48 »46. 9 22. 50 8 -8 -48 Operating 7 presses "50.0 24. 00 » li - 1 t 8-8-48 3£0. 0 24. 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 8 presses "53.1 25.50 1 lj 1J 8-8-48 »53.1 25.50 8 -8-48 1 Double time after midnight. 2 Hours vary, but total 48 per week. 3 More than naif of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. * Scale became 62.5 cents on July 6, 1918. 6 Double time after 4 hours and on Saturday after 5 p. m. 6 12 per cent of the mem'>ers received $2, 6 per cent S3, 6 per cent $4, and 6 per cent $5 per week more than

^0 scale 7 Double time after 10 p. m. and on Saturday after 6 p. m. 8 20 per cent of the members received $1, 20 per cent »2, and 40 per cent S3 per week more than the scale. » 57 per cent of the members received S2, 21 per cent S5, and 7 per cent S9 per week more than the scale. 10 33 per cent of the members received S3 ana 33 per cent S7 per week more than the scale. 11 50 per cent of the members received S2 and 25 per cent S10 per week more than the scale. u More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 56.3 cents on Sept. 1, 1918.

[490]





PRINTING AND PUBLISHING: BOOK AND JOB - Concluded . PRESSMEN : Platen- Concluded .

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages - iages^ Geographical '

division and Hour^- ff Hour*- ' For Full days; Full days; Per « Sun- Saturdays; |Lrf / Per Saturdays; Per week, days full week.' Per week, full week, hour, full tune- and J?'1" hour, week, lull time. tune- holt- time.

days.

western- concluded . Regular rate multiplied San Francisco, Cal.: Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. In charge 56.3 27.00 »• li *14 8 -8 -48 52.1 25.00 8 -8 -48

Operating ticket press 50.0 24.00 * if * if 8-8-48 (») (*) (*) Operating 1 or 2 presses 50. 0 24. 00 1 if * if 8 -8 -48 43. 8 21. 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 54. 2 26.00 »if » if 8 -8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 -8 -48 Sc tittle W 5sh * Operating 1 or 2 presses . . . < 47.9 23. 00 14 14 8 -8 -48 41. 7 20. 00 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 6 51.0 24.50 if if 8 -8 -48 44.8 21.50 8 -8 -48 In charge of 2 presses 5 51.0 24.50 if if 8 -8 -48 44.8 21.50 8 -8 -48 In charge of 3 presses « 57.3 27. 50 if if 8 -8 -48 51. 0 24. 50 8 -8 -48

Spokane, Wash.: Operating 2 presses 46.9 22.50 1 14 2 8 -8 -48 40.6 19.50 8 -8 -48 Operating 3 presses 50. 0 24.00 »if 2 8 -8 -48 43. 8 21.00 8 -8 -48 Operating 4 or more presses or 2 automatic presses ... 55. 2 26. 50 1 1 J 2 8 -8 -48 50. 0 24. 00 8 -8 -48

CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS. CHAUFFEURS. 7

NORTH CENTRAL. Chicago, 111.: Baggage «30.0 23.08 1 1 » 11 -11 -77 30.0 23.08 »11-11-77 Building material, general, 2 tons or less 32.5 21.48 1J 1$ 11 -11 -66 30.3 19.98 11-11-66 Building material, stone, lime, and cement, 4 tons or over »«40.9 27. 00 1* 1* 11 -11 -66 36.4 24.00 11 -11 -66 Building material, roofing.. »34.8 23.00 "50c. 2 11 -11 -66 31.8 21.00 11 -11 -66 Coal, li tons »»35.0 21.00 "55c. 14 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 Coal, 2 tons "37.5 22.50 »»55c. if 10 -10 -«0 37.5 22.50 10 -10 -60 Coal, over 2 tons »»40.0 24.00 l»55c. if 10 -10 -60 40.0 24.00 10 -10 -0.0 Commission houses, 2 tons or less »«40.9 27.00 »»60c. »»14 11 -11 -M 37.1 24.50 11 -11 -66 Commission houses, 3 tons. »»42.4 28.00 »»60c. m if 11 -11 -66 38.6 25.50 11 -11 -66 » Double time after midnight. » Double time on Labor Day. 8 No scale in effect on May 15. 1917. 4 Scale became 60.4 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 5 Scale became 62.5 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 6 Scale became 68.8 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 7 Owing to the great number of classifications of this occupation, and to conserve space the data for classi ¿cations embracing a comparatively small membership of the union have been omitted from the lists of the larger cities. » Scale became 31.5 cents on July 15, 1918. 9 One day off every 2 weeks with pay. 10 Scale became 45.5 cents on July 1, 1918. »» Scale became 39.4 cents on June 1, 1918. 12 Rate in cents per hour. 18 Scale bacarne 40 cents on July 1, 1918. 14 Scale became 42.5 cents on July 1, 1918. 16 Scale became 45 cents on July l, 1918. »« Scale became 47 cents on June 17, 1918. 17 For Sundays; for holi lays, full day's pay for 4 hours' work. M Scale became 48.5 cents on June 17, 1918»

[497]



180 MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW,

UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917 - Continued .

CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS- Continued. CHAUFFEURS - Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages ^ - Rate of wages ^ - Mos. wages- Geographical division and _ _ city Hours- _ Sat- Hours- _

pftP Sim Full days; urday p Full days; Per week

pftP For da?s Sim Saturdays; half p Jjf p Saturdays;

hZ. Per Tlí' week time* J™' tSST fuJlweek' holi-

***• ZZ. p

WfuU' ™ Saturdays; week. time. time* ho 'ir ***• time.

days.

north central - continued. Regular rate multiplied

Chicago, 111.- Continued. Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. Commission houses, 4 tons. ^3.9 29.00 * 60c. » 1J 11 -11 -66 40.2 26.50 11 -11-66 Commission houses, 5 tons. *45.4 30.00 * 60c. • 1J 11 -11 -66 41.7 27. 50 11 -11 -3: Department store, furniture *38.3 23.00 1 «li 10 -10 -60 38.3 23.00 10 -10 -Ou Funeral 30.4 19.00 «35c. 1 10J-10 -62J 24.7 18.00 104 -10 -73 Furniture 43.3 26.00 1 1* 10 -10 -60 36.5 23.00 104 -104-63 General, lor 2 tons '35.0 21.00 («) 1| 10 -10 -60 32.5 19.50 10 -10 -60 General,! ton and under 2.. 39.3 23.58 1J 1$ "10 -10 -60 29.7 20.50 114 -11^-69 General, 2 tons, gasoline... 1#37.5 22.50 (®) 1$ 10-10 -60 32.5 19.50 10 -10 -60 General, 3 tons, Union B... 1037.5 22.50 (®) 1* 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 General, 3 tons, gasoline. Union B »40.0 24.00 («) 14 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -«0 General, 3 tons and over... If35.0 21.00 («) li 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 General, 4 tons ll40.0 24.00 (») 1J 10-10-30 37.5 22.50 10 -10 -60 General, 4 tons, gasoline. . . u42.5 25.50 (*) l£ 10 -10 -60 37.5 22.50 10 -10 -60 General, 5 tons, Union B .. »»43.3 26.00 («) 1J 10 -10 -60 40.8 24.50 10 -10-60 General, 5 tons, gasoline, Union B l445.8 27.50 (®) 1J 10 -10 -60 40.8 24.50 10 -10 -60 General, 6 tons l<48.3 29.00 (*) li 10 -10 -60 43.3 26.00 10 -10 -«0 General, 7 tons l*47.5 28.50 (?) 14 10 -10 -60 45.0 27.00 10 -10 -60 General, 7 tons, gasoline... 1#50.0 30.00 (•) '' 10 -10 -60 45.0 27.00 10 -10 -60 Ice 46.7 1728.00 * 35c. "75c. 10 -10 -60 36.7 22.00 10 -10 -60 Laundry, white goods 33.3 «18.00 1* 2 9 - 9 -54 33.3 »18.00 9 - 9 -54 Livery 26.0 19.00 »35c. 1 * 10J-10 -73 24.7 18.00 « 10* -10 -73 Lumber, box and shavings, 14 to 2J tons »33.3 22. 0Q «40c. 1J 11 -11 -66 28.8 19.00 11 -11 -66 Miik, peddlers

»38.9 21.00 14 1 «8 - 6 -54 37.0 20.00 «8 -6-54 Newspaper, day »38.3 20.70 If 1 9 - 9 -54 33.3 18.00 9 - 9 -54 Newspaper, night *39.0 21.85 1J 1 8-8-56 33.9 19.00 8 - 8 -56 Packing, 1 ton 36.0 22.70 1* 1J 11 - 8 -63 31.6 19.28 10H- 7*-61 Piano 45.6 26.00 * 60c. 2 9J- 9J-57 45.6 26.00 9* - 9*-57 Helpers, coal »30.0 18.00 * 40c. 1* 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, department store . *28.3 17.00 1 • 1¿ 10 -10 -60 28.3 17.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, piano 44.4 24.00 »60c. 2 9 - 9 -54 44.4 24.00 9 - 9 -54

1 Scale became 50 cents on June 17, 1918. 2 Rate in cents per hour. » For Sundays; for holidays, full day's pay for 4 hours' work. * Scale became 51.5 cents on June 17, 1918. Scale became 41. 7 cents on July 1, 1918. « For Sundays; holidays off with pay. 7 Scale became 40 cents on June 3, 1918. s 45 cents for first hour, 55 cents per hour thereafter. 9 55 hours and same pay per week during July and August. Scale became 42.5 cents on June 3, 1918. " Scale became 45 cents on June 3, 1918. 12 Scale became 43.3 cents on June 3, 1918. Scale became 48.3 cents on June 3, 1918. " Scale became 49.2 cents on June 3, 1918. 15 Scale became 52.5 cents on June 3, 1918. 18 Scale became 53.3 cents on June 3, 1918. 17 827 and same hours per week, November to May, inclusive. " Rate in cents per hour for Sundays; double time for holidays. 19 And 100 per cent on all new business for office towel supply drivers. w And 7 i per cent commission on all business handled. 21 One day off every 2 weeks with pay. «2 Scale became 36.4 cents on July 1, 1918. '■* Scale became 46.3 cents on July 1, 1918. 24 Two weeks off each year with pay. 25 Scale became 46.3 cents on July 26, 1918. 26 Scale became 46.4 cents on Juiy 26, 1918. 2< Scale became 35 cents on July 1, 1918. 28 Scale became 31.7 cents on July 1, 1918. [498]





CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS- Continued. CHAUFFEURS- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Mos <;eoâphi<»l division and with Ho„rs_ For Full days; J}* Full days; Per p Sun- Saturdays; âif Per Saturdays; Per week, days full week. KJr,V Per week. full week, hour, full and 5°'*" hour, full time. lune* holi- aay* time. days.

north central- concluded. j Regular rate multiplied Cincinnati, Ohio: Cents. Dolls. by- Cents. Dolls. Commission houses, 2 tons. 1 31.7 19.00 2 1§ 1 »2 *10-10-60 (*) (*) (5) General, 1 ton and under, Union B 28.3 17.00 1J ¡ •> 10-10-60 27.5 16.50 10 -10 -60

Conerai, 1 ton, gasoline, Union B 30.8 18.50 «1 ! 2 10-10-60 ^C.7 16.00 10-10-60 General, 1* tons 30.0 18.00 1J I 2 10 -10 -60 29.2 17.50 10 -10 -60 General, 2 tons 31.7 19.00 U ¡ 2 10 -10 -60 30.8 1.8.50 10 -10 -60 General, 2 tons, gasoline. . . 34.2 20. 50 «li 2 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 io -10 -60 General, 3 tons 33.3 20.00 n' 2 10 -10 -60 32.5 19.50 10 -10 -60 General, 3 tons, gasoline .. . 35.8 21.50 «l"¡ 2 10 -10 -60 31.7 19.00 10 -10 -60 General, 4 tons and over... 36.7 22.00 1* 2 10 -10 -60 35.8 21.50 10 -10 -60 General, 4 and 5 tons 39.2 23.50 « 1 2 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 Livery 27.9 19.50 740*c. 1 «10 -10 -70 25.0 17.50 «10-10-70 Helpers, general, under 3 27.5 16.50 « 1 2 10 -10 -60 23.3 14.00 10 -10 -60 tons. Helpers, general. 3 tons. ... 30.8 18.50 «1 2 10 -10 -60 26.7 16.00 10 -10 -60

Cleveland, Ohio: Excavating 42.0 25.20 1* 2 10 -10 -60 42.0 25.20 10 -10 -60 General, trucks 45.0 27.00 »1$ i»2 10-10-#) 34.2 20.50 10 -10 -60 General, van 51.9 28.00 " H 2 9 - 9 -54 36.7 22.00 10 -10 -60 Ice 41.7 25.00 7 45c. 1J >»10-10-60 31.8 21.00 10 - 6 -66 Livery 23.4 18.00 7 50c. 7 50c. 11 -11 -77 23.4 18.00 11 -11 -77 Helpers 31.7 19.00 » '' "2 10 -10 -60 25.8 15.50 10 -10 -60 Des Moines, Iowa: Transfer trucks 33.3 20.00 1* 2 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60

Detroit, Mich: i General 50.0 30.00 1* 2 10 -10 -60 1 38.3 23.00 10 -10 -60 Ice 38.3 23.00 1 1 10 -10 -60 | 35.8 21.50 10 -10 -60 Kansas City, Mo.: General, 2 tons 37.0 20.00 1J 2 9 - 9 -54 j 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 General, 3 tons 38.9 21.00 1* 2 9 - 9 -54 32.5 19.50 10 -10 -60 St. Louis, Mo.: Department stores, electric. 35.2 19.00 1 1* 9 - 9 -54 26.7 16.00 10 -10-60 Department stores, 2 tons 37.0 20.00 1 lj 9 - 9 -54 28.3 17.00 10 -10 -60 and over. Furniture 34.2 20.50 >3 1 U 10 -10 -60 34.2 20.50 10 -10 -60 General, 2 tons or under... 28.6 18.00 * 45c. 14 10^-10^-63 ' 26.2 16.50 10é-10¿-63 General, over 2 tons 31.7 20.00 7 51c. l{ lOJ-lOi-63 ' 29.4 18.50 10^-10^-63 Ice : ><35.0 21.00 1 '&35c. 10-10-60 1 31.7 19.00 10-10-60 Milk j1622.1 15.50 7 25c. 1 10-10-70 j 21.4 15.00 10-10-70 Public service 127.9 20.00 7 40c. 1 >*101-101-71} 22.2 17.50 "111-111-78$ Helpers, furniture 2S.3 17.00 13 1¿ 1 10-10-60 ' 2S.3 17.00 10-10-60 St. Paul, Minn.: I ! Coal and sand 1 40. 0 24. 00 I 7 35c. 2 10 -10 -60 38. 5 23.10 10 -10 -60

1 Scale bccarae 33.3 cents on October 1, 1918. 2 And on Saturday after 2 p. m., June to August, inclusive. 3 For Sundays; for holidays full day's pay for any part of day worked. 4 57 hours and same pay per week, June to August, inclusive. 5 No scale in effect on May 15, 1917. 6 Time and one-half after 7 p. m. 7 Rate in cents per hour. « Every other Sunday off with pay. 9 Double time after 8 p. m. >® For holidays: do not work on Sundays. 11 Time and one-lialf after 8 p. m. 12 54 hours and same pay per week, November to April, inclusive. « Time and one-half after first hour. 14 Scale became 37.5 cents on July 16, 1918. 16 Rate in cents per hour for Sunday; time and one-lialf for holidays. >• Scale became 22.9 cents on Sept. 1, 1918. 17 Two days off each month with pay. I U>9]



182 MONTHLY LABOE REVIEW.


CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS- Continued. CHAUFFEURS- Concluded.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- of Mos. wagBS~

Geograph Irai division and Hour*_ with Hour^ For Full days; MXV Full days; Per Sun- Saturdays; irr/ Per Saturdays; Per week, *¡J days full week. W¿ Per week, full week, hour, full' and J?'1" y* hour, week, full' time. holi- y* time. days.

Regular rate south central. multiplied Cents. Dolls. by- Cents. Dolls. Houston, Tex 21.4 18.00 » 33^c 1 12-12-84 (*) (*) (*) New Orleans, La »18.6 13.00 »75c. 1 10 -10 -70 18.6 13.00 10 -10 -70

WESTERN. Butte, Mont.: Trucks, 1,500 lbs <50.3 27.00 1 1 8 - 8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 - 8 -48 Trucks, 1,500 lbs. to 3 tons. 5 59. 4 28.50 1 1 8 - 8 -48 53. 1 25.50 8 - 8 -48 Trucks. 3 tons and over *62. 5 30. 00 1 1 8 - 8 -48 56. 3 27. 00 8 - 8 -48 Taxicabs 50. 0 31. 50 1 50c. 1 9 - 9 -63 33. 3 28. 00 12 -12 -84 Helpers, trucks <56.3 27.00 1 1 8 - 8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 - 8 -48

Portland, Oreg.: Delivery *43.3 20.77 U li 8-8-48 («) (*) (») Department stores 8 48. 1 23.08 1* lj 8-8-48 (*) (*) (*) Trucks over 2§ tons and 42.5 25.50 1} (9) "»10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 furniture vans. IIeh)ers, department stores "36.1 17.31 li li 8-8-48 (*) (*) (*) San Francisco, Cal.: Chauffeurs 35.0 21.00 »50c. 1 10 -10 -60 30.4 21.00 llJ-ll$-«9 Department stores 35. 0 21. 00 (»«) 2 10 -10 -60 35. 0 21. 00 10 -10 -60 Grocery 35.0 21.00 »50c. 2 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 Parcel delivery 35.0 21.00 (»«) 2 10-10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 General, less than 2,500 lbs. 36.8 21.00 »60c. li 9J- 9J-57 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 General, 2,500 to 4,500 lbs.. 42.1 24.00 »75c. Ú 9*- 9|-57 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 General, 4,500 to 6,500 lbs.. 47.4 27.00 »75c. 1* 9*- 9J-57 40.0 24.00 10 -10 -60 General, over 6,500 lbs.... 52.6 30.00 »85c. li 9*- 9£-57 45.0 27.00 10 -10 -60 General, trucks 55.6 30.00 »75c. li 9 - 9 -54 45.0 27.00 10 -10 -60

Seattle, Wash.: Trucks i»42.5 25.50 li li 10 -10 -60 37.5 22.50 10 -10 -60

TEAMSTERS ACT) DRIVERS."

NORTH CENTRAL. Chicago, 111.: Baggage deliverv, hotel and transfer wagons *26. 4 20.31 1 30c. 1 »«11 -11 -77 23.2 17.88 »*11-11-77 Baççage delivery, office or city. »*26.4 20.31 '30c. 1 »«11 -11 -77 24.7 19.04 »«11-11-77 1 Rate in cents per hour. 2 No scale in effect on May 15, 1917. 3 Scale became 20 cents on July 1, 1918. -* Scale bccame 62.5 cents, on June 1, 1918. » Scale became 65.6 cents, on June 1, 1918. « Scale became 68.8 cents, on June 1, 1918. 7 Scale became 56.3 cents on June 15, 1918. » Scale became 58.3 cents on June 15, 1918. s One day's pay for 5 hours or less work; after 5 hours, time and one-half. »o Scale bccame 8 hours per day, 48 per week, on July 27, 1918. 11 Scale became 40.9 cents on June 15, 1918. 18 $1.50 per extra trip not exceeding 3 hours; for more than 3 hours, 1 day's pay. ia Scale became 62.5 cents per hour for vehicles 2i to 4 tons; 65.6 cents for vehicles over 4 tons; and 48 hours

per week on July 1, 1918. '« Owing to the groat number of classifications of these occupations and to conserve space the data for classifications embracing a comparatively small membership of the union have been omitted from the lists of the larger cities. 16 Scalo became 27.9 cents on July 1, 1918. ' 6 Every other Sunday oil with pay.

[500]





CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS-C ontinued. TEAMSTERS AND DRI VERS-Continued .

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- wages^ Geographical division and with „ city. 3 Hours- ¡ „ Hours- 3 For Full days; Full days; Per -p Sun- Saturdays; Per Saturdays; Per week, JLtL -p days full week. Per week, full week hour, full i?*'* time- and day' hour, full time. time- holi- day' time.

days.

north central- continued. Regular rate multiplied Chicago, 111.- Continued. Centn. Dolls. by - Cents Dolls.

Baggage, extra »31.0 23.87 1 | 1 11 -11 -77 25.0 ¡19.25 11-11-77 Baggage and parcel 2 32. 5 19. 50 » 30c. 3 30c. 10-10 -60 27. 3 ! 18. 00 11-11-66 Bakery, deli very "25.0 15.00 1 (*) 10-10-60 25.0 I 15.00 10-10-60 Bakery, sales 38.3 « 23.00 1 (7) »10-10 -60 38.3 1 23.00 10 -10 -60 Bone and tallow wagons. . . 58.3 35.00 1 (») 10 10 -10 -60 48. 1¡ 28.85 10-10 -60 Building material, pressed J brick, 2 horses 33.0 19.80 3 45c. 1* 10 -10 -60 33.0 19.80 10-10 -60 Building material, pressed brick, 'from yard 32.5 19.50 335c.¡ li 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 B uilding materia] , pressed | brick, from cars (") 3 35c. ; 14 10-10-60 (») 10-10-60 Building material. 1 horse.. 26.8 17.70 H li 11 -11 -66 24.6 16.20 11 -11 -66 Building material, 2 horses. 29.5 19.50 1J lj 11 -11 -66 27.3 ¡ 18.00 11-11-66 Building material, stone, lime, and cement, 2 horses >231.8 21.00 1J 1J 11-11-66 ; 27.3 , 18.00 11 -11 -66 Building material, roofing.. ¡«31.8 21.00 *50c. 2 11 -11 -66 28.8 19.00 11 -11 -66 Bus 35.0 21.00 1 (»«) 10-10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 Coach *23.1 17.77 »30c. 1 "11-11-77 21.-0-16.15 11-11-77 Coal, 1 horse »727.3 18.00 340c. U 11 -11 -66 27.3 18.00 11 -11 -66 Coal, 2 horses i*s31.8 21.00 »50c. l| 11 -11 -66 ...... 31.8 21.00 11 -11 -66 Coal, 3 horses ¡•»36.4 24.00 »55c. 14 11 -11 -66 ...... 36.4 24.00 11 -11 -66 Commission house, 1 horse. 1*31.8 21.00 *40c. » lj 11 -11 -66 28.0 18 50 11 -11 -66 Commission house, 2 horses * 34.8 23.00 »40c. » l} 11-11-66 31.1; 20.50 11 -11 -66 Excavating, 2 horses ¡2236.I 19. 5o »40c. 2 9 - 9 -54 33.3 18.00 9 - 9 -54 Excavating, 3 horses ¡«47 2 25.50 »40c. 2 9 - 9 -54 44.4 24.00 9 - 9 -54 Furniture, 1 horse, Union A ¡*20.2 17.50 1 »1J 10-10 -60 29.2 17.50 10 -10 -60 Furniture, 2 horses, Union A »33.3 I 20.00 1 »Ii 10 -10 -60 ...... 33.3 20.00 10 -10 -60 Furniture, Union B I 41.7 25.00 1 l| 10-10-60 ...... 34.9 ,22.00 10*-im-63 (.»eneral, yard | 35.0 | 21.00 1 » l| 10-10-60 31.7 ¡19.00 10"-10"-G0 I Scale became 35 cents on July 1, 1918. * Scale became 3 >.7 cents on Jiily 1, 1918. 3 Rato in cents per hour. 4 Scale became 30 cents on June 1, 1918. 6 S3 per day. 6 And 7 per cent commission on sales over $225 per week. 7 Work prohibited. 8 One week ofT each year with pay. 9 F or Memorial Day, double time; for July 4, single time; work on other holidays and on Sundays prohibited. 10 2 weeks off each year with pay. I I 50 cents per 1 ,000 bricks . w Scale becamc 36.4 cents on July 1, 1918. i» Scale became 36.4 cents on June 1, 1918. " 13 for 6 hours or less; $5 for over 6 hours and up to 12 hours. >5 Scale became 24.6 cents on J uly 1 , 1918. t6 Eveiy other Sunday off with pay. »7 Scale became 31. 8 cents on July 1, 1918. « Scale became 40.9 cents on July 1, 1918. 1® Sc ale became 37.9 cents on June 17, 1918. *° For Sundays; for holi days, single time. *1 Scale became 40.9 cents on June 17, 1918. ** Scale became 44.4 cents on July 8, 1918. « Scale became 50 cents on J uly 8, 1918. Scale became 34.2 cents on July 1 , 1918. ** For Sundays; holidays off with pay. * Scale became 38.3 cents on July 1 , 1918. * For Sundays; for holidays, double time.

[501]



184 MONTHLY LABOR RLVIEW.


CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS- Continued. TEAMSTERS AND DRIVERS- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- *^to( Mos. Geographical division and _ with „ citv _ Hours- with cit

Hours „ - For Full days; „J.*" Full days; Per For Sun- Saturdays; yfzv} Per Saturdays; Per week, over- days full week. c!V¿ Per week, full week, hour, full time, and 22ÍT hour, full time. holi- aay* time. days.

north CENTF al- continued. Regular rale multiplied Chicago, 111.- Continued. Cent.«. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. (¡encrai, 1 horse, trucks 1 25.0 16.50 *30c. 1J 11 -11 -66 22.7 15.00 11 -11 -66

General, light »31.3 20.00 (*) 14 10J-10|-«4 25.8 17.00 11 -11 -66 Cenerai, 1 horse, Union A. 5 29.7 18.00 («) li ÌOJ-IOJ-M 22.7 15.00 11 -11 -66 General, 1 horse, Union B. « 34.8 20.88 «27.6c. l} 10-10-60 24.4 16.85 UHU'49 General, 1 horse, heavy wagon or 2 horses, light | ; wagon 728.0 18.50 * 30c. li 11-11-66 j 25. 8 17.00 11 -11 -66 General, 2- horse trucks *29.5 19.50 * 30c. l} 11 -11 -66 27.3 18.00 11 -11 -66 General, 2 horses, heavy wagon '»32.8 21.00 0°) H 10fr-10*-S4 27.3 18.00 11-11-66 General, 2 horses 38.3 23.00 «27.6c. 1 10 -10 -60 29.0 20.00 llJ-Uè-69 General, Ahorse trucks »32.6 21.50 (I0) 1 11 -11 -66 30.3 20.00 11 -11 -66 General, 3 horses i*35. 9 23.00 O«) 1 I l0j-10|-64 30.3 20.00 11 -11 -66 General, 4-horse trucks "34.1 22.50 (,0; 1 11 -11 -66 31.8 21.00 11 -11 -66 Grease, 2 horses 38.3 23.W) 1 "1 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 Hay and grain, 2 horses - ^31 . F 21.00 1} lj 11 -11 -66 i 28.8 19.00 11 -11 -66 Ice, trucks 41.7 25.00 »«35c. "75c. 10 -10 -60 131.7 19.00 10-10 -60 Ice, peddlers 44.2 26.50 "35c. »7 75c. 10 -10 -60 34.2 20.50 10 -10 -60 laundry, 1 horse, white goods 27.8 »«15.00 li 2 9 - 9 -54 ! 27.8 »«15.00 9 - 9 -54

Laundry, 1 horse 33.3 »18.00 l} 2 9-9.54! 33.3 18.OO 9-9-54

Laundry, 1 horse, hotel, I flat work 38.9 *21.00 « 2 9-9.54! 38.9 21.00 9- 9-54 Laundry, dye houses 48.1 »26.00 lj »«2 9 - 9 -54 37.0 20.00 9 - 9 -54 Laundry, towel supply.... 48.1 »26.00 lj "2 9 - 9 -54 46.3 25.00 9 - 9 -54 Lumber, box ana shav- I ings,l horse «27.3 18.00 »1 1§ 11 -11 -66 22.7 15.00 11 -11 -66

Lumber; box and shav- ; ings, 2 horses «30.3 20.00 »1 1J 11 -11 -66 25.8 17.00 11 -11 -66

Machinery moving, 2 horses, Union A 31.8 21.00 1J 2 11 -11 -66 29.5 19.50 11 -11 -66 Machinerv m o v i n g , 2 horses, Union B , 30.3 • 20.00 »«40c. U 11-11-66 i 30.3 20.00 11 -11 -66 » Scale became 29.5 cents on June 3, 1918. 2 Rate in cents per hour; 45 cents per hour after 8 p. m. 3 Scale became 35.9 cents on June 3, 1918. « 15 cents every half hour from 6.30 p. m. to 8 p. m.* time and one-half thereafter. <* Scale became 32.8 cents on June 3, 1918. « Kate in cents per half hour. 7 Scale became 32.6 cents on June 3, 1918. » Scale became 34.1 cents on June 3, 1918. * Scale bccame 36.3 cents on June 3, 1918. 1° 30 cents per hour from 6.30 to 8 p. m. ; time and one-half thereafter. 11 Scale became 35.6 ccnts on June 3, 1918. ,a Scale became 39.4 ccnts on June 3, 1918. » ' Scale becamc 38.6 ccnts on June 3, 1918. >« For Sundays; holidays off with pay. is Scale became 37.9 cents on July 1, 1918. >6 Rate in ccnts per hour. »" Rate in cents per hour for Sundays; for holidays, double time. 18 And 7 i per cent commission on all business handled. »» And 5 ixir cent commission on all collections over $150 per week. 2° And 5 per cent commission on all starch work handled. « And 3 per cent commission on collections up to $200 per week; 4 per cent on collections over $200

per week. 22 Scale became 30.3 cents on July 1, 1918. 2 ' 40 cents per hour after S p. m. 2« Scale becamc 34.8 cents on July 1, 1918.




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOUR8 OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATE8, ON MAY 15, 1918» AND MAY 15, 1917 - Continued.

CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS - Continued. TEAMSTERS AND DRIVERS - Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- wages^ Geographical 1 division and with « 1 cit v

Hours- with Sir Hours- «

For Full days; Full days; Per - Sun- Saturdays; P«* Saturdays; Per week, JLJJ days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full tlme- ?^T' days and 5?^ d«?- hour, week, full time. tlme- holi- d«?- time. days.

north central- continued. ReçnUirrate multiplied Chicago, 111. - Continued. Ceni». Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls.

Milk, route men, retail »36.7 » 22.00 li 1 »9-6-60 35.0 21.00 * 9 - 6 -60 Milk, 2-horse trucks <42.6 23.00 1Í 1 »8 - 6 -54 40.7 22.00 »8-6-54 Milk, wholesale »43.5 23.50 1¿ l «8 - 6 -54 41.7 22.50 »8-6-54 Newspaper «38.3 13. SO lì 1 6 - 6 -36 33.3 12.00 6 - 6 -36 Newspaper «3S.3 18.40 li 1 8-8-18 33.3 16.00 8 - 8 -48 Packinghouses,! horse.... 37.5 (T) 1J (7) 30.5 18.58 10J§- 7fc-61 Packing houses, 2 horses... 40.0 (7) 1Í (») 1 33.7 20.58 10«- 7*-61 PianoTUnion A 38.6 22.00 »60c. 2 9?.- 9J-57

38.6 22.00 9J- 9J-57 Sand carts »36.1 19.r.0 »40c. 2 9"- 9 -54 33.3 18.00 9 - 9 -54 Sand wagons ® 38.0 20. 50 » 40c. 2 9 - 9 -54 35. 2 19. 00 9 - 9 -54 Street railway service, dump wagons »<>25.5 16.80 U H 11 -11 -66 25.5 16.80 11 -11 -«6 Tea and coitee 41.7 *20.00 l" »1 8-8-48 41.7 i 20.00 8 - 8 -48 Helpers, baggage >«21.6 16.62 »30c. i "11-11-77 IS. 7; 14.42 »»11-11-77 Helpers, furniture, Union A. »*26.7 16-°° 1 14 10 -10 -60 26.7 16.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, furniture, Union A, extra 40.0 24.00 1 1J j 10-10-«) 35.0 22.05 l0H<W-63 Helpers, furniture, Union B. 36.7 22.00 1 U 10-10-60 30.2 19.00 ÍOJ-IOJ-OT Helpers, grease, 2-horse.... 35.0 21.00 1 "i{ : 10-10 -60 31.7 19.00 10-10 -60

Helpers, ice 40.0 24.00 »&5c. >«75c.i 10 -10-60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, piano 38.9 21.00 »60c. 2 9 - 9 -54 38.9 21.00 9 - 9 -54 Helpers, street railway service "25.5 16.80 1J lèi 11-11-66 2.5.5 16.80 11-11-66

Cincinnati, Ohio: 1 Bakery and pie »»26.7 16.00 1 (») ¡ 10 -10-60 26.7 16.00 10-10-60 Bakery and pie, sales 25.0 »15.00 1 (»») 10-10 -60 25.0 15.00 10-10-60 Carnage 25.7 18.00 1 1 *»10-10-70 22.9 16.00 *»10-10-70 Furniture «33.3 20.00 1 (**) i 10-10 -60 28.3 17.00 10 -10 -60 General, 1 horse, light wagon 25.8 15.5a »»1 2 10-10-60 21.7 13.00 10-10-60 General, 1 horse, heavy wagon 27.5 16.50 »«1 2 10 -10 -60 23.3 14.00 10 -10 -60 General, 2 horses,, light wagon 28.3 17.00 »»1 2 10 -10 -60 27. » 16.50 10-10-60 General, 2 horses, heavy i wagon 130.8 18.50 «1 2 10-10-60 2f>.7¡ 16.00 10-10-60 1 Scale became 43.3 cents on June 1, 1918. 2 And various commissions. 3 W ork 6 hours on Sunday ; 2 weeks off each year, with pay. 4 Scale became 51.9 cents on July 1, 1918. ' Seale became 50.9cents on July 1, 1918. 6 Scale became 46 cents on July 26, 1918. 7 Variable. 8 Rate in cents per hour. 9 Scale became 41.4 cents on July 8. 1918. 10 Scale became 34.5 cents on Aug. l, 1918. 11 For Sundays; work on holidays prohibited. ".Scale became 22.5 cents on Juíy 1 , 1918. 13 Every other Sunday off with pay. 14 Scale became 30 cents on July 1, 1918. " For Sundays; holidays off with pay. 16 Rate in cents per hour for Sundays; for holidays, double time. 17 Scale became 34.5 cents on Aug. 1 , 1918. 18 Scale became 30 cents on June 1, 1918. 19 Work prohibited. » And 3 per cent commission on sales over $100 per week. Seale became 2S.3 cent s on J une 1 , 1918. 11 Scale became 35 cents on Oct. 1, lOis. Do not work on Sundays: time and one-hol f for holidays. u Time and one-half after 7 p. m.

[503]





CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS- Continued. TEAMSTERS AND DRIVERS- Continued.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917. _______________________ i

Rate of wages- ^ Geographical division and Hour*_ ¿th ^

^ Hcmrs- For Full days; .SSL Full days; Per « Sun- Saturdays; ôi/ Per Saturdays; Pot week, *¡¡1 days full week. Per week, full week, hour, lull tím6- "j™!" and S?'1" ***■ hour, full time. tím6- holi- ***■ time.

days.

north central- cont'd. Regular rat* multiplied Cincinnati, Ohio- ^ Cont'd. Cents. Dolls. by- Cents. DoUs.

General, 3 or 4 horses 31.7 19.00 »1 2 10 -10 -60 27.5 16.50 10-10-60 Ice.... 35.0 21.00 «45c. »50c. <10 -10 -60 31.7 19.00 « 10 -10 -«0 Icecream 23.8 15.00 1| 1 9 - 9 -63 20.6 13.00 9 - 9 -63 Ice cream, route and truck. 31.7 » 20.00 14 l 9 - 9 -63 28.6 18.00 9 - 9 -63 Ice cream, truck 31.7 20.00 1} 1 9 - 9 -63 28.6 18.00 9 - 9 -63 Milk, retail 31.7 5 20.00 1* 1 «9 - 9 -63 28.6 > 18.00 *9-9-63 Supply wagons 31.7 19.00 * 45c. * 50c. 10 -10 -60 25.8 17.00 11 -11 -66 Helpers, furniture '30.0 18.00 1 («) 10-10-«) 25.0 15.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, general 25.0 15.00 ll 2 10 -10 -60 24. 2 14. 50 10 -10 -60 Helpers, general, wagon. .. 27.5 16.50 ll 2 10 -10 -60 23.3 14.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, ice 30.0 18.00 »45c. *50c. «10-10-«) 26.7 16.00 10 -10 -60

Cleveland, Ohio; Excavating 30.6 16.50 • 1} 2 9 - 9 -54 30.6 16.50 9 - 9 -54 Furniture, vans 46.3 25.00 »«lj 2 9 - 9 -54 31.7 19.00 10-10-60 General, 1 horse 28.3 17.00 » li (»») 10-10-«) 20.8 12.50 10 -10 -60 Genera], 2 horses, light wagon. 33.3 20.00 14 (") 10 -10 -60 24.2 14.50 10 -10 -«) General, 2-hor 36 trucks 36.7 22.00 1J (»') 10 -10 -60 27.5 16.50 10 -10 -60 Ice, 2-horse delivery 36.7 22.00 * 45c. li »*10 -10 -60 28.8 19.00 10 - 6 -66 Ice, route 41.7 25.00 8 45c. U "10 -10 -60 31.8 21.00 10 - 6 -66 Ice, route foremen 48.3 29.00 *50c. '' 11 10 -10 -60 37.9 25.00 10 - 6 -66 Milk, retail, first 6 months. 34.8 »19.50 1 1 "8 - 8 -56 26.4 18.46 "10-10-70 Milk, retail, second 6 months 36.6 » 20.50 1 1 "8 - 8 -56 28.0 19.62 »»10-10-70 Milk, retail, after first year. 40.2 » 22.50 1 1 "8 - 8 -56 30.5 21.35 »10-10-70 Milk, wholesale 29.3 » 20.50 1 1 "10 -10 -70 26. 4 18. 46 »» 10 -10 -70 Water wagon 36.7 22.00 * 45c. 1* »10-10-60 28. 8 19.00 11-11-66 Helpers, furniture 42.6 23.00 1#H 2 9 - 9 -54 26.7 16.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, ice 31.7 19.00 * 45c. 1* »*10-10-60 23.5 15.50 10 - 6 -66

Columbus, Ohio: Ice 33.3 20.00 *«1 "1 »»10-10-60 (»») (»*) (»») Ice route 36.0 21.60 **1 (») »*10 -10 -60 29.2 17.50 10 -10 -60 Helpers, ice route 30.0 18.00 »• 1 (») »*10 -10 -60 25.0 15.00 10 -10 -60

Des Moines, Iowa: General. 2 horses 33.3 18.00 1* 2 9 - 9 -54 30.6 16.50 9 - 9 -54 Transfer, 2 horses 33.3 20.00 li 2 10 -10 -60 27.5 16.50 10 -10 -60 1 Time and one-half after 7 p. m. > Rate in cents per hour. * Rate in cents per hour for Sundays; for holidays, single time. * 54 hours and same pay per week, November to March, inclusive. 5 And various commissions. « 2 weeks off each year with pay. 7 Scale became 31.7 cents on Oct. 1. 1918. 8 Do not work on Sundays; for holidays, time and one-half. 9 Double time after 2 hours. 10 Time and one-half after 8 p. m. i» Double time after 8 p. m. u "Work on Sundays prohibited; for holidays, double time. 13 54 hours and same pay per week, November to April, inclusive. n 7 days off every 3 montns with pay. i 5 2 days off each month with pay. 1B Time and one-half after 2 hours. , 17 For Sundays; for holidays, full day's pay for 7 hours' work, time and , one-half thereafter. 18 No scale in effect on May 15, 1917. ä t ^ • i» Do not work on Sundays; for holidays, full day's pay for ä 7 t hours' work; time and ^ one-half thereafter.

[504]





CHAUFFEURS, TÊAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS- Continued. TEAJCSTEBS AND DKIVEÄS-Continued.

May IS, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- Mos. w itgßs

Geographical division and „ with „ city „ Hour»- Rat „ Hours- For Full days; Full days; Per Tj.- Sun- Saturdays; ôif Per Saturdays; Per week, '¡J Tj.- days full Veek. Per week, full week, hour, full' days and 5?'1" hour. week, Mil' time. tune- holt- time. days.

: ; I north central- continued. Regular rait

multiplied Detroit, Mich.: Cents. Dolls. by - Cents. Dolls. Bakery 62.5 30. 00 1 1 8 - 8 -48 62. 5 30. 00 8 - 8 -48 General, 2 horses 45.0 27.00 li 2 10-10-60 35. 0 21.00 10 -10 -60 General, 3 horses !. 47.5 28. 50 lj 2 10 -10 -60 37.5 22.50 10 -10 -€0 Ice 40.0 24.00 (») 1 10 -10 -60 31.7 19.00 10-10-60 Tea and coffee 47.9 »23.00 1 1 »8 - 8 -48 37.5 18.00 8 - 8 -48 Helpers 45.0 27.00 1* 2 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60

Indianapolis, Ind.: Bakery, lor 2 horses, oread. 25.0 4 15.00 1 (6) 10-10 -60 21.7 13.00 10 -10 -60 Bakery, 1 horse, cake 30.9 17.00 1 (*) 10 - 5 -55 12 25.0 15.00 10 -10 -60 Bakery, 2-h orse truck s 34.5 19.00 1 (6) 10 - 5 -55 12 28.3 17.00 * 10 -10 -60 General, 1 horse 21.7 .13.00 1J 1J 10 -10 -60 21.7 13.00 10 -10 -60 General. 2 horses 25.0 15.00 lj l£ 10 -10 -60 25.0 15.00 10 -10 -60 Kansas City, Mo.: Bakery 30.0 «18.00 1 1 10 -10 -60 30.0 «18.00 10-10 -60 Bakery, retail, bread 33.3 7 20.00 1 1 10 -10 -60 33.3 7 20.00 10 -10 -60 General, 1 horse 27.8 15.00 1J 2 9 - 9 -54 22.5 13.t0 10-10-60 General. 2 horses 33.3 18.00 1* 2 9 - 9 -54 27.5 16.50 10 -10 -60

Minneapolis, Minn.: Baggage 30.0 18.00 8 40c. 1 10 -10 -60 27.5 16.50 »10-10-60 Coal 35.0 21.00 «40c. 1J 10 -10 -60 28.3 17.00 10 -10 -60 Ice, wholesale 33.9 20.31 1 1 10 -10 -60 27.9 16.73 10 -10 -60 Ice, peddlers 37.0 22.21 li »10 -10 -60 32.7 19.62 10 -10 -60 General. 30.0 18.00 »40c. 1§ 10 -10 -60 26.7 16.00 10 -10 -60 Milk, route, first 6 months. »»30.2 »19.04 1 » 9 - 9 -63 27.5 17.31 "9-9-63 Milk, route, second 6 months »^33.0 1420.77 1 »*9 - 9 -63 27.5 17.31 »«9-9-63 Milk, depot »632.7 21.23 1* 1 10 - 5 -65 29.1 18.92 10 - 5 -65 Moving 35.0 21.00 8 40c. 1* 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, wholesale 33.9 20.31 1 1 10 -10 -60 26.9 16.15 10 -10 -60 Helpers, peddlers 33.9 20.31 1* »10 -10 -60 26.9 16.15 10 -10 -60 Omaha. Nebr.: Freight, liçht 26.7 16.00 li li 10 -10 -60 26.7 16.00 10 -10 -60 Freight, heavy i«30.0 18.00 li lj 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10-10 -60 General, 1 horse »«23.3 14.00 li li 10 -10 -60 23.3 14.00 10-10 -60 General, 2 tons «30.0 18.00 li li 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 General, over 2 tons «33.3 20.00 1$ li 10 -10 -60 33.3 20.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers «27.5 16.50 1§ li 10 -10 -60 27.5 16.50 10 -10 -60 Helpers, moving- vans *30.0 18.00 li li 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60

1 No extra pay. * And 12 per cent commission On sales of $150 or over per week. 3 Average hours. * And 4 per cent commission on sales over $200 per week. 5 Work prohibited. « And various commissions. 7 And 10 per cent commission on sales over $200 per week. 8 Rate in cents per hour. 9 Work 70 hours every other week. 10 Scale became 33.9 cents on Aug. 1, 1918. »» And 4 per cent commission on sales over $2,062.50 per month. 12 14 days off each year with pay. »' Scale became 37.8 cents on Aug. 1, 1918. 14 And 4 per cent commission on sales over $2,250 per month. 16 Scale became 33.2 cents on Aue;. 1,4918. 18 More than hall oí the members received more than the scale ; amount not reported.

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[505]




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917 - Continued .

CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS - Continued . TEAMSTERS AND DRIVERS- Continued.

May 15, 1918. ! May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- wages^ Geographical division and Hours_ with Hours_ For Full days; ,X Fulldavs; Per F__ Sun- Saturdays; ^7?/ Per Saturdays; Per week, F__ *;* days full week. Per week, full week, hour, full ?>*[' t,me- and hour, full time. t,me- holi- time.

days.

north central- concluded. Regular rate multiplied Peoria, TH.: Cents. Doll*. bp - Cents. Dolls. General i 23.3 14.00 1* 1J 10 -JO -60 23.3 14.00 10 -10 -60 Ice * 25.7 18.50 »40c. («) »12 -12 -72 25.7 18.50 »12-12-72

Helpers, ice «22.9 16.50 »40c. («) U2 -12 -72 22.9 16.50 1 12 -12 -72 St. Louis, Mo.: Carriages 24.4 17.50 »80c. 1 • 10J-10J-71f 19.0 15.00 » 11^-11^-781 Coal, 1 horse 22.7 15.00 1 14 11-11-66 18.9 12.50 11 -11 -66 Coal, 2 horses 28.0 18.50 1 1 11 -11 -66 24.2 16.00 11 -11 -66 Coal, 3 horses 31.8 21.00 1 1 11 -11 -66 28.0 18.50 11 -11 -66 Departmentstore, 1 horse.. »33.3 18.00 1 1 9 - 9 -54 23.3 14.00 10 -10-60 Department store, 2 horses. 33.3 18.00 1 1 9 - 9 -54 25.0 15.00 10-10-60 Furniture, 2 horses 29.2 17.50 *1 1 10 -10 -60. 29.2 17.50 10 -10 -60 Furniture, moving 28.3 17.00 "1 14 10 -10 -60 28.3 17.00 10 -10 -60 General, 1 horse 23.0 14.50 »32c. 1J 10J-10HÖ 20.6 13.00 10J -10*-63 General. 2 horses, less than

5,000 pounds »25.7 16.20 *40c. 1* 10J-10J-63 23.3 14.70 lOJ-lOè-63 General. 2 horses, over 5,000 pounds 128.6 18.00 *45c. 14 104-10^-63 26.2 16.50 lOJ-lOè-63 General, 3 horses »30.5 19.20 »48c. 1J lOi-lOJ-63 28.1 17.70 10^-1(^-63 Ice 1131.8 21.00 1 11 30c. 11 -11 -66 28.8 19.00 11 -11 -66 Milk wagons, retail 17.9 i»l 7.50 1 1 "14-14-98 12.2 »"12.00 "14-14-98 Do 17.9 »17.50 1 1 14 14 -14 -98 13.3 »*13.00 "14-14-98 Tea and co-fee, salesmen. . . 33.3 "18.00 1 14 9 - 9 -54 33.3 "18.00 9 - 9 -54 Helpers, general, 2 horses . . 26.7 16.00 *1 1§ 10 -10 -60 26,7 16.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers, ice 30.0 18.00 1 "30c. 10 -10 -60 25.0 15.00 10 -10-60 St. Paul, Minn.: General, 1 horse 30.0 18.00 »35c. 2 10 -10-60 26.0 15.60 10 -10-60 General, 2 horses 35.0 21.00 1 2 10 -10 -60 31.0 18.60 10 -10 -60 Ice 37.0 »"22.22 1 i» 1 10 -10 -60 33.7 »>20.19 10-10-60 Helpers, ice 33.9 »»20.31 1 1» 1 10 -10 -60 30.8 »*18.46 10 -10 -60 I More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. 9 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 30.6 cents on May 27, 1918. 3 Rite in cents per hour. 4 Sunday work prohibited, except deliveries to hospitals, steamboats, and ice-cream manufacturers, at 50 cents per hour; double time for holidays. 5 60 hours and 116 per week, October to March, inclusive. 6 More than half of the members received more than the scale; amount not reported. Scale became 26.4 cents on May 27. 1918. 7 60 hours ana $15 per week. October to March, inclusive. 8 2 days o3 each month with pay. 9 Time and one-half after 1 hour. i° Time and one-half after 7 p. m. II Scile became 34.1 cents on July 1, 1918. 12 Rite in cents per hour for Sundays; for holidays, time and one-half. 18 And 1 cent per point on sales over 6,000 points per month. Commission became 1 cent per point on

sales over 5,600 points per month on Sept. 1, 1918. 14 Hours vary, but total about 98 per week. 15 For sales aggregating less than 1500 per month; also various commissions. 16 For sales aggregating $500 or more pier month; also various commissions. 17 And 10 per cent commission on collections over $150 per week. 1 8 $17.31 and same hours per week, November to March, inclusive. 19 For Sundays; for holidays, double time.

[506]




UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH CENTRAL, AND WESTERN STATES, ON MAY 15, 1918, AND MAY 15, 1917- Concluded.

CHAUFFEURS, TEAMSTERS, AND DRIVERS -Concluded. TEAMSTERS AND DRIVERS-Concluded.

May 15, 1918. May 15, 1917.

Rate of wages- ^ ^teof Geographical division and ¡ __ with Cily- ror l°i

__ Fu.lïïay,;^- per H^ys;

Per week, ?. " days fûêok8' lull week. halí Per week> full íiâlêek8' week. hour, full ?. " and lull week. hour, full full week. time. u e* holiday. time.

; days.

j Regular rate j south central. multiplied 'Cenls. Dolls. by - ■ Cents. Dolls.

Houston, Tex.: Carriages j 21.4 18.00 *33.3c. 1 12 -12 -84 1 14.3 12.00 12 -12 -84 New Orleans, La.: I j Carriages 3 18.6 13.00 1 7õc. 1 10 -10 -70 ! 1S.6 13.00 10-10-70 General, teamsters and I ! loaders '30.0 21.C0 » 60c. 2 10 -10 -60 28.0 16.80 10-10-60

WESTERN. j i Butte, Mont.: i lor 2 horses 3 .*6.3 27.00 1 1 8 - 8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 - 8 -48 3 or 4 hoi ses '* 62.5 30.00 1 1 8 - 8 -48 56.3 27.00 8 - 8 -48 Helpers i3 56.3 27.00 1 1 8 - 8 -48 50.0 24.00 8 - 8 -48

Portland, Oreg.: General, 1 horse ¡30.0 18.00 14 f*) « 10 -10 -60 25.0 15.00 10 -10 -60 General, 2 horses 32.5 19.50 li (&) e i0 -10 -60 ! 27.5 16.50 10 -10 -60 General, 2¿ tons 40.0 24.00 1Í (&) «10-10-60 '30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 Helpers 37.5 22.50 1§ (5) e 10 -10 -60 ! 27.5 16.50 10 -10 -60 Helpers, machinery 40.0 24.00 li (*) «10-10-60 ¡30.0 18.00 10 -It) -60 San francisco, Cal.: i Bakeries 59.9 28.70 » 100c. ¡7 100c. 8 - 8 -48 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 Building material, 2 horses. 42.1 24.00 1 75c. 1£ 9}- 9*-57 ; 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 Building material, brick, 2 horses 44.7 25.50 * 75c. H 94- 9 £-57 37.5 22.50 10 -10 -60

Building material, 4 horses. 47.4 27.00 i 75c. 1* 9£- 9Í-57 40.0 24.00 10 -10 -60 Fruit, large wagons 52.6 30.00 1 85c. 14 9J- 9^-57 45.0 27.00 10 -10 -60 G onerai, 1-horse large wag on 36.8 21.00 1 60c. 1} 9f- 9^-57 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -to General, 2-horse truck 47.4 27.00 » 75c. '' 94- 9|-57 40.0 24.00 10 -10 -60 General, 4-horse truck 52.6 30.00 »85c. U 9¡- 9Î-57 45.0 27.00 10 -10 -60 General, 2 to 4 tons 42.1 24.00 1 75c. H 9i- 9¡-57 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 General, 4 tons and over... 47.4 27.00 »75c. li 9k- 9.J-57 40.0 24.00 10 -10 -60 Grocerv, 1 horse 30.0 18.00 1 40c. 2 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 Grocery, 2 horses 35.0 21.00 1 50c. 2 10 -10 -60 35.0 21.00 10 -10 -60 Ice 50.4 27.23 1 75c. (8) 9 - 9 -54 42.5 24.23 9^-9^-57 Milk ¡40.3 25.33 » 50c. 1 * 9 - 9 -63 35.7 22.50 9 9 - 9 -£3 Milk, relief 144.0 27.69 i 50c. 1 *9 - 9 -63 39.4 24.81 ¡>9 _ 9,63 Helpers, iec 44.1 24.00 1 75c. (») 9 - 9 -54 36.8 21.00 9^-9^-57

Seattle, Wash.: j Bakery ! 58.3 28.00 1¿ (»») 8 - 8 -48 38.3 23.00 10 -10 -60 Commission, under 2 tons . . »31.8 21.00 li 1} " 11 -11 -66 25.0 16.50 11 -11 -66 Commission, over 2 tons 1536.4 24.00 U 1* " 11 -11 -66 31.8 21.00 11 -11 -66 Furniture *340.0 24.00 li li 10 -10 -60 32.5 19.50 10 -10 -60 General, 2-horse light coin- | binatimi wagons »35.0 21.00 1* li » 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10 -10 -60 General, heavy machinery. "»42.5 25.50 1¡ li »< 10 -10 -60 37.5 22.50 10 -10 -60 Milk i556.3 27.00 »93c. 1 »8 - 8 -56 36.3 25.38 1« 10 -10 -70 Helpers »35.0 21.00; 1} li » 10 -10 -60 30.0 18.00 10-10-60 1 Rate in cents per hour. 2 Scale became 20 cents on July 1, 1918. * Scale became 62.5 cents on June 1, 1918. .* Scale became 68.8 cents on June 1, 1918. 6 Full day 's pay for 5 hours' or less work; after 5 hours, time and one-half. « Scale became 8 hours per day, 48 per week, on July 27, 1918. 7 Rate in cents i>er hour for Sundays; holidays off with pay. 8 For Sunday, full day's pay for 5 hours' or less work; for more than 5 hours, li days' pay. Holidays off with pay; if work is performed, sanie rate as for Sunday. 9 4 days off each month v. ith pay. 10 Do not work on Sundays; holidays off with pay. n Scale became 53.1 cents and 48 hours on July 1, 1918. 12 Scale l»ecame 59.4 cents and 48 hours ou July 1, 1918. 13 Frale became 47.5 cents on July 1, 1918. 14 .Scale became 62.5 cents and 4S hours on July 1, 1918. 16 Scale became 62.5 cents on July 1 , 1918. 16 7 days oil every 3 months with pay.

1007S50 - 19 13 [507]




RECENT WAGE INCREASES IN BRITISH WOOL-TEXTILE AND POTTERY INDUSTRIES«

Reports from American consuls, respectively, at Bradford (Eng- land) and Stoke-on-Trent (England), recently received by this bureau indicate wage increases in the British wool-textile industry and in the pottery industry. In the latter case the advances aie the result of a recent strike agitation aud are declared to be the largest yet known to have been made in the history of the trades affected.

The American consul at Bradford announces that an award giving higher war wages to British woolen textile workers was made on November 8, 1918, by the committee on production, the increase in war bonuses to all daytime workers being from 81.75 per cent to 104.75 per cent, or an advance of 23 per cent (such percentages not to exceed 31s. 5d., or $7.64 per week). The bonuses to female pieceworkers were increased from 69 per cent to 89 per cent, and of male pieceworkers from 65 to 83.75 per cent. Payment of wages in accordance with the award are to date back to the pay day in the week ending November 1. The award states that the increases are to be regarded as wax advances and as due to and dependent upon the existence of the abnormal conditions now prevailing in consequence of the war.

As regards the wool combers the award will result in an advance on the scheduled wages amounting to 6s. ($1.46) per week in the case of men and 4s. ($0.97) per week in the case of women and youths. These advances will, in the case of combers employed by the members of the West Riding Spinners' Federation, raise wages above prewar rates to the extent of 36s. 6d. ($8.88) for men and 32s. ($7.79) for women.

The award also requires the Wool Combing Employers7 Federation to give an advance of 6s. ($1.46) per week to all persons concerned rated at or above 45s. 6d. ($11,07) per week, and an advance of 4s. ($0.97) per week to workpeople rated below 45s. 6d. ($11.07) per week. In each instance the award is to take effect as from the pay day in the week ending November 1 and is to include the week preceding that date. The terms of the award were communicated to the members of the National Society of Wool Combers and were unanimously accepted.

A confeience held in Bradford on October 29 resulted in an advance of the wages of employees in the dyeing and finishing trades from 22s. lid. ($5.58) to 29s. 4d. ($7.14) in the case of time workers; from 65.50 per cent to 83.75 per cent for pieceworkers; and from 50 to 62.75 per cent for pressers. The advance commenced from the first pay day in November for the whole of the week paid for on that day.

[508]




WAGES IN NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE POTTERY INDUSTRY.

The recent wages agitation has resulted in the manufacturers in the earthenware and china trades, as well as makers of jet and rock- ingham wares, granting to their workpeople the largest advance yet known to have been made at one time in the history of those trades, according to a report from the American consul at Stoke-on-Trent. It is true there is a condition attached to the grant which some few of the men may not like. The manufacturers seem determined that this latest grant shall be the final one which they will amicably agree to so far as they are eoncerned and indicate that if the men feel inclined to press for more the questions in dispute will have to go to arbitration.

The consul notes that 12 months after war broke out the manu* facturera agreed to a war bonus of 7 i per cent, and that from time to time subsequent allowances were made which brought the bonuses up to 40 per cent of prewar rates. To that 20 per cent additional is now added, making altogether 60 per cent advance on the rates paid in 1914. These rates, however, do not apply to the sanitary earthenware and fireclay workers, or to electrical fittings and munition workers, or even to tile workers. The bonuses granted in the sanitary, tile, and fireclay branches of the pottery trade are somewhat less, accounted for by the appreciable decrease of trade in those branches. These particular industries have been hard hit during the war, the prevention of building practically putting an end to the industries for the time being.

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[5001



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WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR

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