wah.ppt

IDENTIFIED IDENTIFIED

WORKPLACE HAZARDSWORKPLACE HAZARDS

WORKING AT WORKING AT

HEIGHTSHEIGHTS

BackgroundBackground

• 466 accidents were reported involving Falls 466 accidents were reported involving Falls

from heights in the period 1 January 2000 from heights in the period 1 January 2000

to 30 June 2000to 30 June 2000

• 544 accidents involving being hit by falling 544 accidents involving being hit by falling

objects during the same periodobjects during the same period

• Working at Heights will be a priority for Working at Heights will be a priority for

Workplace Services reactive work over a Workplace Services reactive work over a

4 Month period 4 Month period

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

• reduce injuries within all industries related to reduce injuries within all industries related to

working at and falls from heightsworking at and falls from heights

• target working at heights across all industriestarget working at heights across all industries

• raise awareness of OHSW obligations and our raise awareness of OHSW obligations and our

Workplace Services profile in the IndustryWorkplace Services profile in the Industry

• a coordinated approach by teams in the a coordinated approach by teams in the

method of addressing identified hazards method of addressing identified hazards

• measure improvement by comparison of WCA measure improvement by comparison of WCA

datadata

Height safetyHeight safety• Have areas been Have areas been

identified where workers identified where workers are at risk of falling?are at risk of falling?

• Are safety lines and Are safety lines and Harnesses provided?Harnesses provided?

• Are safety lines and Are safety lines and harnesses Inspected on harnesses Inspected on a regular basis?a regular basis?

Working at Heights InspectionsWorking at Heights Inspections

Fixed walkwaysFixed walkways• Do fixed platforms, Do fixed platforms,

walkways, Stairways, walkways, Stairways, Ladders and Handrails Ladders and Handrails Comply with AS 1657?Comply with AS 1657?

• Platforms, Walkways Platforms, Walkways not less than 600mm not less than 600mm in widthin width

• Is guardrailing Is guardrailing provided on sides, provided on sides, ends, edges and ends, edges and openings? openings?

• Are toeboards Are toeboards provided at the edges provided at the edges of platforms, of platforms, walkways or landings?walkways or landings?


STAIRSSTAIRS• Do the treads extend the Do the treads extend the

full width of the stairway?full width of the stairway?• Are treads slip resistant?Are treads slip resistant?• Do all exposed sides have Do all exposed sides have

guardrails fitted?guardrails fitted?• Do all stairways have Do all stairways have

handrails fitted on at least handrails fitted on at least one side?one side?


FIXED LADDERSFIXED LADDERS• Are clearances Are clearances

maintained between maintained between ladders and all ladders and all permanent objects?permanent objects?

• Do handrails extend not Do handrails extend not less than 900mm through less than 900mm through horizontal openings?horizontal openings?

• Do the feet of ladders Do the feet of ladders rest on the platforms or rest on the platforms or landings?landings?


STEP LADDERSSTEP LADDERS• Is the angle of slope on Is the angle of slope on

all step ladders no less all step ladders no less than 60 degrees or than 60 degrees or more than 70 degrees?more than 70 degrees?

• Are treads no less than Are treads no less than 100mm wide? 100mm wide?


RUNG LADDERSRUNG LADDERS• Is the angle of slope no Is the angle of slope no

less than 70 degrees to less than 70 degrees to the horizontal?the horizontal?

• Does the distance Does the distance between landings exceed between landings exceed 6.0metres? 6.0metres?

• Are ladder cages provided Are ladder cages provided where a person can fall where a person can fall more than 6.0metres more than 6.0metres irrespective of landing?irrespective of landing?


VehiclesVehicles• Is provision made to Is provision made to

prevent falls from vehicles?prevent falls from vehicles?

• Are staff trained in the Are staff trained in the use of falls protection use of falls protection equipment?equipment?


FORKLIFTSFORKLIFTS• Are appropriate personnel Are appropriate personnel

cages used to lift people?cages used to lift people?• Are operators appropriately Are operators appropriately

trained and assessed?trained and assessed?


ELEVATING OPERATOR ELEVATING OPERATOR TYPE TRUCKSTYPE TRUCKS

• Is the vehicle fitted with an Is the vehicle fitted with an upper limit of elevation upper limit of elevation device?device?

• Is the machine fitted with an Is the machine fitted with an emergency lowering? control emergency lowering? control at ground levelat ground level

• Is the machine fitted with a Is the machine fitted with a means of securing any pallet means of securing any pallet or platform attached to it?or platform attached to it?

• Is the operator platform of Is the operator platform of adequate size to adequate size to accommodate an operator accommodate an operator and trainer?and trainer?


ELEVATED WORK ELEVATED WORK PLATFORMSPLATFORMS

• Are personnel prevented Are personnel prevented from entering or leaving from entering or leaving the platform while it is the platform while it is in use?in use?

• Are personnel prevented Are personnel prevented from using ladders etc from using ladders etc on the platform?on the platform?

• Are log books used and Are log books used and retained in the unit?retained in the unit?

• Have pre-operational Have pre-operational checks been carried checks been carried out?out?


PUBLIC SAFETYPUBLIC SAFETY• Have adequate Have adequate

measures been taken to measures been taken to prevent access to the prevent access to the workplace by the workplace by the public?public?

• Are all toe-boards and Are all toe-boards and hoardings in place to hoardings in place to prevent objects falling?prevent objects falling?

• Is the area directly Is the area directly below where a person is below where a person is working accessible to working accessible to the public?the public?


OHS&W Act (1986)OHS&W Act (1986)

Section 19 - Duties of Employers,Section 19 - Duties of Employers,

(1) (a) shall provide...(1) (a) shall provide...(i) a safe work environment(i) a safe work environment

(ii) safe systems of work(ii) safe systems of work

(iii) plant…in a safe condition..(iii) plant…in a safe condition..

Section 21 - Duties of Workers,Section 21 - Duties of Workers,

(1) (a) to protect …own health and (1) (a) to protect …own health and safety..safety..

(b) avoid affecting the health and safety (b) avoid affecting the health and safety of any other person..of any other person..

(c) use any equipment provided..(c) use any equipment provided..

(d) obey any reasonable instructions..(d) obey any reasonable instructions..

Relevant LegislationRelevant Legislation

OHS&W Regulations (1995)OHS&W Regulations (1995)

Control of RiskControl of Risk

3.3.33.3.3 (1) .. to eliminate or... minimise any risk to health or safety: (1) .. to eliminate or... minimise any risk to health or safety:

(a) firstly, the application ... of engineering controls ..(a) firstly, the application ... of engineering controls ..

(b) secondly, if steps taken … do not minimise the risk (b) secondly, if steps taken … do not minimise the risk … administrative controls,… administrative controls,

(c) thirdly, if steps taken under ... (a) and (b) do not (c) thirdly, if steps taken under ... (a) and (b) do not minimise the risk, the provision of appropriate personal minimise the risk, the provision of appropriate personal protective equipment.protective equipment.


OHS&W Regulations (1995) OHS&W Regulations (1995) - continued- continued

Prevention of FallsPrevention of Falls

2.13.12.13.1(1) The purpose of this regulation is—(1) The purpose of this regulation is—(a) to (a) to guard guard against falls that cause injuries due to the distances fallen; andagainst falls that cause injuries due to the distances fallen; and(b) to (b) to guard guard against persons falling into enclosures or containers that contain a against persons falling into enclosures or containers that contain a source of danger; andsource of danger; and(c) to ensure (c) to ensure safe safe access to elevated access to elevated workplaceworkplaces;ands;and(d) to prescribe standards that must be observed in relation to the construction, (d) to prescribe standards that must be observed in relation to the construction, maintenance and maintenance and use use of ladders; andof ladders; and(e) to prescribe standards that must be observed in relation to the performance of (e) to prescribe standards that must be observed in relation to the performance of maintenance work carried out above ground level on permanent maintenance work carried out above ground level on permanent structurestructures.s.(2) If-(a) a person must work—(2) If-(a) a person must work—(i) in an elevated (i) in an elevated workplace workplace from which he or she could fall; orfrom which he or she could fall; or(ii) in the vicinity of an opening through which he or she could fall; or(ii) in the vicinity of an opening through which he or she could fall; or(iii) in any other place from which he or she could fall, and it is reasonably (iii) in any other place from which he or she could fall, and it is reasonably foreseeable that the person would be injured in such a fall due to the distance of the foreseeable that the person would be injured in such a fall due to the distance of the fall; orfall; or

(b) a person must work in the vicinity of an enclosure or (b) a person must work in the vicinity of an enclosure or container container into which he or she into which he or she could fall and there is a reasonable likelihood that the person would be injured in could fall and there is a reasonable likelihood that the person would be injured in such a fall, reasonable protection against a fall must be provided—such a fall, reasonable protection against a fall must be provided—



(c) by the provision of a (c) by the provision of a safe safe means of access to the workplace; andmeans of access to the workplace; and(d) by the provision of secure fences, covers or other forms of safeguarding or, if that is not (d) by the provision of secure fences, covers or other forms of safeguarding or, if that is not reasonably practicable due to the nature of the work, by the provision and maintenance of reasonably practicable due to the nature of the work, by the provision and maintenance of safe safe systems of work.systems of work.

(3) If a person at work must gain access to a place that cannot be reached conveniently from (3) If a person at work must gain access to a place that cannot be reached conveniently from floor or ground level, and no appropriate means of mechanical access or fixed stairway is floor or ground level, and no appropriate means of mechanical access or fixed stairway is available, a suitable ladder or steps must be provided.available, a suitable ladder or steps must be provided.

(4) Any safeguarding provided for the purposes of subregulation (2)(d) must be kept in good (4) Any safeguarding provided for the purposes of subregulation (2)(d) must be kept in good condition and must not be removed except so far as may be necessary to allow the access condition and must not be removed except so far as may be necessary to allow the access or egress of any person or the shifting of materials.or egress of any person or the shifting of materials.

(5) In determining the appropriate system of work for the purposes of subregulation (2)(d), (5) In determining the appropriate system of work for the purposes of subregulation (2)(d), consideration must be given to—consideration must be given to—(a) if a (a) if a safe safe working platform cannot reasonably be provided, the working platform cannot reasonably be provided, the use use of a of a safety harness safety harness or a or a pole safety belt pole safety belt (if appropriate), attached to a secure structural support (either directly (if appropriate), attached to a secure structural support (either directly or if that is not reasonably practicable, through the or if that is not reasonably practicable, through the use use of an adequate static-line system);of an adequate static-line system);(b) the (b) the use use of a fall-arresting device (where appropriate);of a fall-arresting device (where appropriate);(c) the undertaking of training in relation to the (c) the undertaking of training in relation to the hazards hazards that may be encountered in the that may be encountered in the performance of the work;performance of the work;(d) the provision of supervision by a (d) the provision of supervision by a competent persocompetent person;n;(e) the provision of assistance by another person.(e) the provision of assistance by another person.


Relevant LegislationRelevant LegislationOHS&W Regulations (1995) OHS&W Regulations (1995) - continued- continued

(6) Without derogating from a preceding provision of this regulation, if—(6) Without derogating from a preceding provision of this regulation, if—

(a) a person carries out maintenance work on a (a) a person carries out maintenance work on a structurstructure; ande; and

(b) the person must work in an elevated (b) the person must work in an elevated workplacworkplace; ande; and

(c) it is reasonably foreseeable that the person would be injured if he or she (c) it is reasonably foreseeable that the person would be injured if he or she fell due to the distance of the fall, reasonable protection against any fall fell due to the distance of the fall, reasonable protection against any fall must be provided—must be provided—

(d) by the (d) by the use use of a of a building maintenance unit building maintenance unit installed by a installed by a competent competent persoperson; orn; or

(e) by the (e) by the use use of of scaffolding scaffolding or another type of working platform; oror another type of working platform; or

(f) if compliance with paragraph (d) or (e) is not reasonably practicable—by (f) if compliance with paragraph (d) or (e) is not reasonably practicable—by the the use use of a of a safety harness safety harness attached to a safety line that is in turn attached to a safety line that is in turn

attached attached to an appropriate anchorage (taking into account the situation of the work to an appropriate anchorage (taking into account the situation of the work and the construction of the and the construction of the buildinbuilding).g).

(7) A (7) A safety harness safety harness or or line line supplied or used for the purposes of this regulation must supplied or used for the purposes of this regulation must be inspected on a regular basis and a harness or line that shows wear or weakness to be inspected on a regular basis and a harness or line that shows wear or weakness to an extent that may affect the integrity of the harness or line must not be used.an extent that may affect the integrity of the harness or line must not be used.

(8) An anchorage or system of anchorages must(8) An anchorage or system of anchorages must

be inspected on a regular basis and, in the case of an anchorage that is permanently be inspected on a regular basis and, in the case of an anchorage that is permanently fixed to a fixed to a structurstructure, at least once in every six months.e, at least once in every six months.


(9) If the load-bearing capacity of the anchorage may be impaired, the anchorage must (9) If the load-bearing capacity of the anchorage may be impaired, the anchorage must immediately be made inoperable so as to prevent accidental immediately be made inoperable so as to prevent accidental ususe.e.

(10) The following requirements must be observed in relation to the (10) The following requirements must be observed in relation to the use use of ladders at of ladders at work, or to gain access to or egress from a work, or to gain access to or egress from a workplacworkplace—e—(a) a ladder must be of sound construction and maintained in a (a) a ladder must be of sound construction and maintained in a safe safe condition; andcondition; and(b) a ladder must not be used in a manner that endangers the safety of any person; (b) a ladder must not be used in a manner that endangers the safety of any person; andand(c) ...(c) ...(d) if a portable single ladder or extension ladder is used, the ladder must be—(d) if a portable single ladder or extension ladder is used, the ladder must be—(i) placed so that the horizontal distance between the top support point of the ladder (i) placed so that the horizontal distance between the top support point of the ladder and the foot of the ladder is approximately one quarter of the supported length of the and the foot of the ladder is approximately one quarter of the supported length of the ladder; andladder; and(ii) located on a firm footing and effectively secured in position to prevent slipping (ii) located on a firm footing and effectively secured in position to prevent slipping and sideways movement; andand sideways movement; and(e) no ladder other than a trestle ladder may be used to support planks for a working (e) no ladder other than a trestle ladder may be used to support planks for a working platform, and any such platform may only be used for light duty work.platform, and any such platform may only be used for light duty work.

(11) In this regulation— (11) In this regulation— "structure" "structure" means a permanent means a permanent structure structure (including a (including a buildinbuilding).g).



The following standards and publication are The following standards and publication are Approved Codes Of Approved Codes Of Practice Practice under under the Act the Act and are relevant to the subject-matter of this and are relevant to the subject-matter of this Division:Division:

• AS 1418: AS 1418: SAA Crane Code—SAA Crane Code—

• Part 10 Part 10 Elevating work platformsElevating work platforms

• Part 13 Part 13 Building maintenance unitsBuilding maintenance units

• AS 1576: AS 1576: Scaffolding, Scaffolding, Parts 1-4Parts 1-4

• AS 1657: AS 1657: Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and laddersFixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders

• AS 1891: AS 1891: Industrial safety belts and harnessesIndustrial safety belts and harnesses

• AS 1892: AS 1892: Portable laddersPortable ladders

• AS 2626: AS 2626: Industrial safety belts and harnesses—Selection, use and Industrial safety belts and harnesses—Selection, use and maintenancemaintenance

• The Approved Code of Practice for the Safe Erection of Structural SteelworkThe Approved Code of Practice for the Safe Erection of Structural Steelwork


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