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and assistant lecturer in public health bacteriology, R. S.Williams, M.B., C.M. Edin., D.P.H. Cantab.-The totalamounts contributed to the Students’ Union Fund are 5855,including 1O00 each from Mr. Edward Whitley and SirJohn Brunner, Bart., M.P. ; and 9500 each from Mrs. GeorgeHolt, Miss Holt, Mr. Charles Jones, Mr. E. K. Muspratt,and Mr. T. Sutton Timmis. Other donations varied from250 to 25.

Liverpool Medical I nstit1dion.The inaugural address will be delivered on Nov. 16th by

Dr. James Barr, the President. The structural alterationswill be completed for the occasion.

Obituary.Mr. John Nelson Cregeen, L.R.C.P. Edin., M.R.C.S. Eng.,

L.F.P.S. Glasg., died at his residence in Prince’s-avenue onOct. 27th, at the age of 69 years, after a long and painfulillness. He was a native of the Isle of Man and hadpractised in Liverpool for upwards of 30 years. He was

formerly honorary treasurer and vice-president of the

Liverpool Medical Institution. Mr. Cregeen frequently visitedthe Isle of Man and was well known to the Manx people.The interment took place at Peel on Oct. 30th, a memorialservice being held on the same day at St. Mary’s Chapelfor the Blind, Liverpool.-Mr. Joseph Kellett Smith,another well-known Liverpool practitioner, died at West

Kirby on Oct. 29th at the age of 69 years. Born atYeadon, Yorkshire, he came as a youth to Liverpoolto be apprenticed to his uncle, the late Dr. Chippendale.He was a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of

England and a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physi-cians of Edinburgh. For 20 years he was honorary surgeonto the Liverpool Stanley Hospital. He retired from prac-tice in 1899 and then removed to West Kirby. In 1892 hewas appointed a justice of the peace for the city of Liver-pool. He was chairman of the Hoylake and West Kirbywaterworks. Three weeks ago he was attacked by influenzawhich seriously diminished his strength and to which heeventually succumbed. He leaves a widow, a daughter, andthree sons, one of whom is Mr. S. Kellett Smith, F.R.C.S.The interment took place at West Kirby on Nov. 2nd.-Asad mishap has unfortunately resulted in the death ofMiss Lucy Helen Alexander, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Irel., of119, Upper Huskisson-street. Whilst at dinner on Oct. 18thshe accidentally swallowed a fish-bone and shortly afterwas admitted to the Southern Hospital where an operationwas performed, but death occurred on the following day.Miss Alexander, who was a native of Dublin and about28 years of age, had for the last two years been on the medi-cal staff of the Burlington-street dispensary of the LiverpoolMedical Mission. Her professional education was receivedin the school of the Royal College of Surgeons in Irelandand in 1903 she obtained the conjoint diploma of the RoyalColleges of Physicians and Surgeons in Ireland. MissAlexander was held in the greatest esteem both by the dis-pensary patients who were under her care and also by theofficials of the Liverpool Medical Mission.vuu. ounJ

WALES AND WESTERN COUNTIES NOTES.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.) I

þ7,irstAid in Collieries.AT a meeting of colliery officials held at Newport (Mon.)

on Oct. 21st, during a discussion upon accidents in minesMr. J. S. Martin, inspector of mines, referred to the absenceof organised instruction in first aid in the colliery districts.He stated that he had been in communication with thecolliery managers in his district with a view to interestthem in a more or less general scheme. A few years ago theyounger men in some parts of the Glamorgan coalfield werevery earnest in their attendance at ambulance classes andtheir enthusiasm was fostered by prizes and trophies givenby the technical instruction committee of the Glamorgancounty council and by competitions at local eisteddfodau.If the colliery managers can be persuaded to follow theexample of the managers of the great railways and toencourage a study of the subject there is no doubt that agreat deal of good will follow.

Alleged Death from Vaccination.The advisability of investigating the circumstances attend-

ing every death alleged to be due to vaccination has been

mee more illustrated in the report of an inquest recentlyleld at Llanelly in Carmarthenshire. It appears that achild born on May 19th was vaccinated on Sept. 29th andlied on Oct. 25th. The medical man who attended duringjhe child’s illness certified the death as due to bronchitis andcollapse. A few days before the child died the father calledin four other medical men, three of whom upon finding acolleague in charge of the case refused to continuein attendance. Mr. J. Davies, however, is reported to havereplaced the dressing on the child’s arm by another andupon death taking place he is said to have advised thefather that it was due to vaccination and suggested that heshould report the matter to the police and to the LocalGovernment Board. A post-mortem examination havingbeen made by Dr. Samuel Williams the cause of death wasEound to be malnutrition and bronchitis, thus supporting theopinion of four of the medical men who saw the child duringlife and also that of Mr. Davies who added, however, that heconsidered that the vaccination accelerated death. The juryEound that death was due to bronchitis and malnutrition andstated that in their opinion vaccination had nothing at all to10 with the cause of death.

The -5-medical Officer of Health of Chipping Sodbury.The Local Government Board has now given formal

notice to the sanitary authorities concerned (including thatof Chipping Sodbury) that at the end of one month it willissue an Order constituting all the districts of the formercombination, except the Chepstow rural district, a combineddistrict for the purpose of electing a joint medical officer ofhealth. The exclusion of the Chepstow rural districtis due to the fact that it is situated in Monmouthshire whileall the other districts are in Gloucestershire. The Board has,however, suggested that the Chepstow authority shouldunite voluntarily with the other authorities in the combina-tion as hitherto. In order to prevent any repetition of theregrettable controversy of the past few months between theLocal Government Board and the Chipping Sodbury councilit is to be hoped that the Board will take care that the Ordershall give security of tenure to the officer appointed, followingthe precedent of other combined districts.

-Wor7imen’s Dyvellings in Bath.The corporation of Bath has of late years displayed com-

mendable activity in the destruction of slum property withnarrow streets and sunless courts, erecting in its stead well-arranged houses for the working classes. The accounts forthe last financial year show a loss on the corporationproperty of R272, but it is gratifying to iind that themembers of the housing committee regard the money lossas more than compensated for by the gain to the city inother directions and they now recommend a further schemeinvolving an expenditure of E8100 and an estimated yearlyloss of 149. In this latest scheme 18 cottages will beerected and one street will be considerably widened.

Memorial to the late Dr. -E. <70SSmM.The Dowager Duchess of Beaufort on Oct. 25th formally

opened the new building of the Hambrook Cottage Hospital,which has been erected at a cost of about 900 as a memorialto the late Dr. Edward Crossman who died in 1904 and whopractised for many years in the district, holding the appoint-ment of medical officer of health of the Barton Regis ruraldistrict until within a few weeks of its dissolution and

absorption by the city of Bristol and other authorities. Thenew building has accommodation for six patients, five in twowards on the ground floor and one in a ward on the firstfloor. It replaces two cottages which were first used as a

hospital in 1867 on the suggestion of Dr. Crossman whocontinued as medical director of the institution until withina few years of his death.

CheltenhanmSe7vccge Parni.The sewage farm belonging to the Cheltenham corporation

is situated outside the borough, within the areas governedby the rural district councils of Tewkesbury and ofCheltenham, and complaints have for some years beenmade of the nuisance caused by it. A great part of thesoil of the farm is clay and is probably waterlogged. Fouryears ago the Gloucestershire county council gave formalnotice to the corporation of its intention to enforce theprovisions of the Rivers Pollution Act. About that time thecorporation took the management of the farm into its ownhands and adopted measures to lessen the causes of com-plaint, but the conditions are still so unsatisfactory that thecounty council at its last meeting on Oct. 23rd decided togive the corporation another notice to remedy the nuisance

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caused by the passage of sewage into the Hatherly brookand the river Chelt and in default of a sufficient remedy totake proceedings under the Act.

Bristol Medical S’;hool.The annual dinner of the past and present students of the

Bristol Medical School is always a successful gathering butthe latest occasion on Oct. 26th, when nearly 140 werepresent, eclipsed all its predecessors. The foundation of awestern university is always a fruitful topic at this meetingand Professor W. Osler, who was the guest of the evening,suggested that university chairs should be founded upon asound financial basis to the memory of eminent Bristol

physician;-&mdash;namely, a chair of medical jurisprudence to thememory of Prichard, one of medicine to that of Symond,and one of hygiene to that of Budd. He rather startled hisaudience by the expression of the opinion that 80,000 perannum ought to be spent on a western counties university.

Accontmodationfor Idiot and Imbecile Children.The treatment of idiot and imbecile children in an institu-

tion apart from the county asylum has been advocated formany years past by the committee of visitors of the Glou-cestershire Asylum and there appears to be at last someprospect of the proposal taking definite shape. It has beenarranged to lease Sandwell Hall, near Birmingham, fromLord Dartmouth at a rental of 200 per annum. There isroom after making somewhat extensive alterations in this

building for 200 children. The Gloucestershire countycouncil has decided to bear one.tenth of the cost, theremainder being borne by the authorities in the adjacentcounties.

West of England Eye Infirmary.The annual meeting of the governors of the West of

England Eye Infirmary. Exeter, was held on Oct. 27th underthe presidency of Mr. H. Imbert-Terry. The medical reportstated that during the past 12 months 3189 patients had beentreated and that the daily average number of in-patients was51. The financial statement was satisfactory and showedthat the committee had been able to invest S500.

Oct. 30th.

SCOTLAND.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDEN1 S.)

The Milk-S1lpply of Glasgow.Mr. A. M. Trotter, veterinary surgeon to the corporation of

Glasgow, has prepared for the subcommittee on meat andfish inspection a report on the supervision of the milk-supplyof the city. He says that grave difficulties arise in givingeffect to the powers conferred by the Glasgow PoliceAmendment Act as to inspection of country herds. One ofthese impediments is the want of some means by which theauthorities can ascertain the farmers who consign milk to thecity. A second impediment is the lack of a clause in the Actwhich would place on the dairyman consigning to, or

selling in, the city the onus of notifying the veterinarysurgeon to the corporation of all cases of disease. Inthe more recent Acts, private or general, dealing withmilk supervision the powers conferred are restricted tocases of tuberculosis. This is a grave defect as there areother diseases affecting bovines which are equally injuriousto the public health and he therefore suggests that dairymenought to be compelled to notify also cases of disease of theudder in any form, eruptions on the teats, chronic waitingdisease-i.e., "piners"-and those undergoing medicinaltreatment. The necessity for this additional provision hasbeen apparent for many years and his experience in thecitv abattoirs has intensified the impression. Largenumbers of dairy cows consigned from dairying countiesare not in a condition to yield milk fit for human consump-tion and were the Glasgow Act amended as suggested itwould render innocuous many sources of danger to the

public health. In the third place it would be an improve-ment were power to be obtained to slaughter certain cows,particularly those affected with tuberculosis of the udder,and were provision made for paying the dairyman the fullmarket value of the animal, plus expenses, as compensationin the event of mhtaken diagnosis. As the Act stands atpresent the corporation has only power to remove any objec-tionable cow out of the herd and during the past eight yearsMr. Trotter has been informed of several instances in which

milch cows to which he had objected were simply sold toanother dairyman. The fourth alteration that he suggestsdeals with the sanitary conditions under which milk is pro-duced. While, no doubt, the sanitary arrangements havebeen considerably improved during recent years, there stillremains much to be desired, not only in construction andrepair of premises but also in the method of handling themilk. The town clerk depute has prepared a report dealingwith the extent to which the existing statutory provisionswould require to be amended or amplified. He agrees withhis colleague as to the necessity of inaugurating a morethorough supervision of the milk-supply of the city by theonly means available to the corporation-the obtaining ofParliamentary powers. The present state of the law on thissubject, he says, is so inadequate and unsatisfactory, and therisk to the public health so manifest and serious, that hecannot conceive the idea of Parliament hesitating to givethe powers required and desired.

Physical Deterioration.The town council of Glasgow deserves credit for the way

in which it is attempting to grapple with this problem byall means that lie in its power. The latest proposalwas the subject of some discussion at a recent meetingof the town council. The health committee recom-

mended that an attempt should be made to bring promi-nently under the notice of the citizens the close rela-

tionship between the abuse of alcoholic stimulants and

physical deterioration by the issuing of handbills or

the posting of placards on the lines of those recently issuedby a number of English boroughs. It was thought bv somecouncillors that after the words "alcoholic stimulants" thereshould be added " bad housing and insufficient feeding." Itwas pointed out, however, that the corporation had takenother means of dealing with bad housing and insufficientfeeding and it was accordingly remitted to a subcommittee toconsider and to report as to the expediency of issuing hand-bills in the form of the original proposal.

The Sanitary Condition of Lewis.The Lewis district committee has issued its official reply

to the report of the Local Government Board on the sani-tary condition of the island. The main points of the replywere dealt with in THE LANCET of Oct. 14th (p. 1144), so thatit is unnecessary to detail them again. The contention ofthe district committee is that the sanitary condition of theisland is well known to it and it has done all in its

power to remedy the defects, but the poverty of the mass ofthe crofter population has prevented any general improve-ment. A large number of the crofters are deeply in debtfor arrears of rent, rates, &c., so that they are not in aposition to effect improvements in their houses withoutmaterial help, say, in the form of loans.

University of Aberdeen J/;ItJdioal Society.The opening address at thiH society was delivered on

Oct. 27th by Dr. James Mackenzie Davidson, the subjectbeing X Rays and Radium. Professor J. T. Cash, who pre-sided, alluded to the recently instituted library of themedical society which was shortly to receive important addi-tions and then referred to Dr. Davidson’s work in the eyedepartment of the Royal Infirmary previously to his departurefor London and to the distinction which he had sinceattained as a specialist in x ray work. The lecturer com-menced with a brief sketch of the history of x rays and de-scribed an interview which he had had with Roentgen shortlyafter their discovery. Barium platino-cyanide was used as afluorescent screen because it had previously been known torender visible the ultra-violet rays of the spectrum. Dr.Davidson then exhibited the apparatus in use at present forproducing x rays and showed, by means of a beautiful experi-ment with a plate of barium platino-cyanide at one end ofa revolving arm, that the glow in an x ray tube is not con-tinuous but intermits regularly. He next showed howdifficult it was to get a correct idea of the position and theshape of objects in an x ray photograph, as this was essen-tially a shadow, and to get over this difficulty he hadinvented his localising apparatus which he exhibited andexplained, showing how the same apparatus might be used toproduce a stereoscopic photograph. A series of x ray photo-graphs was thrown on the screen, among others several ofurinary calculi in position in the body. A positive diagnosisof uric acid calculi could be made only if the patient werefairly thin and the calculus fairly large, uric acid beingto transparent to the rays that a calculus might