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Wales- the Saudi Arabia of marine renewables?
Dr Ron LovelandDirector: sustainable energy and industry Wales
Department of environment, sustainability and housingWelsh Assembly Government
Pembrokeshire college-March 2009
Simple objectives for energy policy !
• Energy supplies need to :• Be affordable.• Be readily available.• Be safe.• Use secure fuel sources, and• Create minimal environmental impact.
• Energy should be used as efficiently as possible
• We want to gain maximum local economic benefit
But in practice?
WALES CLEAN ENERGY & SITES RESOURCE
Clean-electricity generation in Wales : relevant policies
Economic development/innovation/manufacturing
policies
Energy policies
Public understanding
Environment policies
Transport policies
Spatial (land&sea) planning and building policies
Device & project development/company growth
Site identification/assessments
Physical infrastructure
Local authority/community
policies
Ports/rivers/roads/rail
Electricity grid connections/gas pipelines
Site licence/consentprocesses
Carbon trading/taxes
Business development/financial support
Supply chain development /construction competences
Skills availability
Education/skillspolicies
Traffic assessments Environmental
project-impact assessments
Regional strategic environmental assessments
CLIMATE CHANGE
Environmental databases
ron.loveland@ wales.gsi.gov.uk
Energy security
EconOpps.
Utilities involvement
Test/modelling facilities
Agriculture/forestry policies
FinancepoliciesMITIGATION
CO2 underground storage facilities/pipelines
Safety/security issues
International dimensions
Coal/oil/gas/biomass/etc resources
R&D/university support
1910s -South Wales world-leader for quality steam coal productionwith 250,000 miners producing 60m tonnes of coal pa ;
1960s - Centre of UK’s oil refining operations at Milford Haven;
1960’s -UK’s only nuclear power plant in a national park constructed in Wales:now decommissioned but with another 1GW nuclear station at Wylfa still operational
;1974/84- Europe’s largest 2GW pumped-storage electricity plant built at
Dinorwig- one of Europe’s engineering marvels/ world’s
largest underground excavation with a continuing role in high-efficiency energy storage and rapid electricity-grid response
1975- Eco ground-breaking Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT)established at Machynlleth
Wales at forefront of energy transformations: past, present and future:
20th Century
1988 - UK’s first large scale on-shore wind turbines demonstrated in Burry Port.
1999/2002-World’s highest efficiency 500MW gas turbine power stationbuilt in south Wales by GE(H series) .
2004-UK's first spatial-plan driven renewable energy planning guidance issued by Welsh Assembly Government (TAN 8)
2005 -UK’s first 50 MW plus on shore wind farm commissioned in mid Wales.
2005- UK’s first commercial off-shore wind farm built off north Wales.2008-World’s first major utility-led tidal stream project
announced for Ramsey Sound 2008- UK's first pilot post-combustion carbon-dioxide capture plant
for a coal power station announced by RWE for Aberthaw 2009-UK’s largest LNG import terminals
commissioned at Milford Haven 2008/2010 up to £20 billion, multi-GW, Severn tidal power project
under serious consideration;.
Wales at forefront of energy transformations: more recent past/now
Wales at forefront of energy transformations: :also now
•World’s largest wave-energy converter to be demonstratedoff the Pembrokeshire Coast
•Wales is UK centre for photo-voltaic system manufacturing, alongside significant academic solar-energy strengths.
•World’s largest biomass power station (350MW) to be built in Port Talbot
• Wales is also centre for a wide range of other large scale bio-energy developments including :
•Shotton Paper chp plant;• Western Wood/Welsh Power electricity stations;
•Co-firing with coal at Aberthaw and Uskmouth power stations;•Bluestone heated by locally grown crops:
•And Wales has ambitious energy- efficiency and micro-generation plans
UK CCC report to Government. The low carbon map
• Decarbonise UK power sector by 2030: vital objective
• Significantly reduce energy use in buildings and industry by 2020
• Reduce domestic transport carbon emissions
• Curtail air transport, shipping and land-use greenhouse gas reductions
All leading by 2050 to an 80% reduction in UK’s carbon dioxide (equivalent) emissions: to around 2 tonnes per capita per annum- and much lower than that by 2100
http://www.theccc.org.uk/reports/
UK CCC: decarbonising UK power sector by 2030
• Massive increase in renewable electricity generation, first through wind, possibly biomass and then marine
• Significant new nuclear station build (providing concerns about radioactive waste and nuclear proliferation risks can be addressed)
• All coal stations fitted with CCS in 2020s(and gas-fired stations subsequently-i.e in 2030-2050 period)
Wales producing more renewable electricity than its national electricity
consumption within 20 years?•Ambitious task but with determination,
partnership and public support, we believe Wales can deliver
•To this end Wales renewables energy route map launched in February 2008
– by 2025,33TWhr pa of electricity in Wales from renewables (half marine, third wind, rest from
biomass/waste, hydro, micro-generation)
http://new.wales.gov.uk/consultations/closedconsultations/environment/renewenergymap/?
lang=en
Severn Estuary-second highest tidal range in world-many options for Giga-watts of energy extraction
La Rance, France
Severn Estuary alone could produce 5%+ of UK’s electricity needs
Severn tidal power: complex analysis- with 16 engineering, environment and economic ASPECTS
(plus separate financing and innovation studies) • Carbon footprint• Fish and fisheries• Flood risk & land
drainage• Groundwater, freshwater
& soils• Historic environment• Hydraulics &
Geomorphology• Landscape and seascape• Marine ecology
• Marine water quality• Navigation• Noise and vibration• Ornithology• Other sea-bed uses• Socio economics &
community• Terrestrial ecology• Waste and resources
http://wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/energy/severntidal/?lang=en
GW of tidal- stream resource in Wales
Some tidal stream devices
GW of wave power
resource off SW Wales
Wave Dragon
7MW pilot project proposed off Pembrokeshire
Generation of electricityin Wales from marine tidal and wave power
• If Cardiff-Weston barrage: 18TWhr/pa
(Wales allocation = 9)
• Other marine, including wave,
tidal stream and lagoon: 5(or more)TWhr/pa
• Possible total by 2025: 14 TWh/pa (or more)
……………………………………………………………….
Plus further 6GW of offshore wind power in prospect
Marine energy: way forward
• Severn tidal power feasibility and ‘innovative technologies’ studies• WAG marine environmental data capture exercise/SEA• Commercial scale wave and tidal stream demonstrators• R&D( inc. Wales marine energy research task force-which includes
Wales strong general marine science expertise)• Hydrodynamic modelling facility considerations• Energy resource marine-area zoning?
…………………– Clarifying Wales marine energy strategic direction– Use of EU Convergence Funds where appropriate– Close liaison with DECC, CT and RAB (on banding of renewables
obligation, technology development, etc)– Marine spatial planning under new Marine Act– Joint working with Scotland under auspices of British Irish Council
Major wind power projects in Wales
•Currently 350MW of on-shore wind turbines but potential for further 2000 MW in
selected (including forestry) areas•Four consented off-shore wind farms (North Hoyle (60MW), Rhyl Flats and
Scarweather(100MW each), GyM(750MW)•Planned new 1500MW and 3500MW off-
shore wind farm zones
Strategic search areas for large onshore wind farms
Green jobs agenda• “ET may be the ‘new’ ICT?”• Ambition to decarbonise UK electricity production by
2030 provides enormous opportunities• Wales could be the Saudi Arabia of renewables-
especially in marine sector?• Up to £50 billion of energy investments in Wales over
next 15 years?• Up to 200,000 man-years in a large Severn tidal project• Electric vehicles mainstream in UK by 2020• Major opportunities for energy efficiency and new
technology in buildings and industry.• Special opportunities in Wales in marine/ aerospace/car
engines? “Truly massive change agenda but actual timing of
developments critical for commercial success “
UK CCC timelines
2050 2008
Wind and nuclear
Energy efficiency improvement
Renewable heat
Electric heat
Electric cars/plug in hybrids
20201-2% of UK
GDP in 2050
Other renewable and CCS
AND
Main Wales energy R&D opportunities
Focus in WLCRI and WAG/WEFO on support for:• Marine renewables.• Building design/energy efficiency/micro-generation
(especially PV and heat pumps).• Combustion (biomass and fossil fuels) efficiency
improvements and CCS developments.• Smart meters/electricity storage/changing ‘whole energy
system’ paradigms.• Bio-refining: processes and source crops(2nd/3rd gen)• Underground coal gasification-and carbon dioxide
storage (CCS)• Hydrogen• Energy-efficient vehicles, including aircraft
http://www.iea.org/Textbase/techno/etp/index.asp
High added-value services opportunities in Wales?
• Legal advice• Energy consultancies• Innovation centres• Energy project advisors• Architects• Eco-services/seismic surveying• Nuclear decommissioning• Ports/construction/heavy plant sectors• PR companies
WALES CLEAN ENERGY & SITES RESOURCE
Joined-up government policies are essential: example of clean energy generation
Economic development/innovation/manufacturing
policies
Energy policies
Public understanding
Environment policies
Transport policies
Spatial (land&sea) planning and building policies
Device & project development/company growth
Site identification/assessments
Physical infrastructure
Local authority/community
policies
Ports/rivers/roads/rail
Electricity grid connections/gas pipelines
Site licence/consentprocesses
Carbon trading/taxes
Business development/financial support
Supply chain development /construction competences
Skills availability
Education/skillspolicies
Traffic assessments Environmental
project-impact assessments
Regional strategic environmental assessments
CLIMATE CHANGE
Environmental databases
ron.loveland@ wales.gsi.gov.uk
Energy security
EconOpps.
Utilities involvement
Test/modelling facilities
Agriculture/forestry policies
FinancepoliciesMITIGATION
CO2 underground storage facilities/pipelines
Safety/security issues
International dimensions
Coal/oil/gas/biomass/etc resources
R&D/university support
Welsh Assembly Government energy-strategy frameworks
• Renewable energy route map• Green jobs strategy• Transport and waste strategies• Climate change/3% annual carbon reductions
plan• Bio-energy action plan• Marine energy strategic direction• National efficiency and savings plan• Overarching energy strategy-Autumn 2009
GLOBAL WARMING-THE FUTURE?
“We must, indeed, all hang-together or,
most assuredly, we shall all hang separately” Benjamin Franklin