Name: _______________________________ Freshwater Astronomy: The Earth’s Role in (Outer) Space 1. Draw the hierarchy of the universe. 2. Describe three ways that the Sun makes life possible on Earth. a. b. c. 3. The Earth is not stationary (it does not “stand still” in space. Explain the four major motions of Earth in space). a. Rotation b. Revolution c. Precession d. Nutation Multiple-Choice Review: 1. True or False: All of the planets, including Earth, spin in the same direction and go around the Sun in the same direction due to the Sun’s gravity. (1.1.1-1) Use this word bank for questions 2,3, and 4. Galaxies Moons Stars Elliptical Time Planets Areas North Carolina 2. The hierarchy of organization in the universe is that the universe is made up of _________________, which are made up of _______________ and some of these have _________________. (1.1.1-2) Use the following diagram to help you answer questions 3 and 4 about Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion. 2. Kepler’s First Law states that all planets and orbiting objects follow a/an _________________ orbit path. (1.1.1-3) 3. Kepler’s Second Law states that a line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal __________ in equal ____________. (1.1.1-3)
Transcript
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater
Astronomy: The Earth’s Role in (Outer) Space
1. Draw the hierarchy of the universe.
2. Describe three ways that the Sun makes life possible on Earth.a.b.c.
3. The Earth is not stationary (it does not “stand still” in space. Explain the four major motions of Earth in space).a. Rotationb. Revolutionc. Precessiond. Nutation
Multiple-Choice Review:
1. True or False: All of the planets, including Earth, spin in the same direction and go around the Sun in the same direction due to the Sun’s gravity. (1.1.1-1)
Use this word bank for questions 2,3, and 4. Galaxies Moons Stars Elliptical Time Planets Areas North Carolina2. The hierarchy of organization in the universe is that the universe is made up of _________________, which are made up of _______________ and some of these have _________________. (1.1.1-2)Use the following diagram to help you answer questions 3 and 4 about Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion.
2. Kepler’s First Law states that all planets and orbiting objects follow a/an _________________ orbit path. (1.1.1-3)
3. Kepler’s Second Law states that a line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal __________ in equal ____________. (1.1.1-3)
4. The Big Bang Theory states that_____ a. The universe has always been the same but is expanding outward in all directionsb. The universe will collapse back onto itself into a single pointc. The universe began as a single point and expanded outward in all directions with continued expansion todayd. The world was created in a huge explosion similar to a bomb
5. The main piece of evidence is for an expanding universe is the ____________. (1.1.1-4)a. One Shift in light coming from other galaxiesb. Two Shift in light coming from other galaxiesc. Red Shift in light coming from other galaxiesd. Blue Shift in light coming from other galaxies
6. The tilt of Earth’s axis is_____ (1.1.1-4)
Name: _______________________________ Freshwatera. 32.5 degrees c. 52.5 degreesb. 23.5 degrees d. There is no tilt of Earth’s axis
7. In the diagram below, circle the position in which the northern hemisphere is experiencing summer. (1.1.2-1)
8. Fusion is so important for life on Earth because__________. (1.1.3-1)a. It is how we get nuclear energy from power plantsb. It happens in volcanoes creating light and heat for life on Earthc. It happens in stars like the Sun sending radiant energy to support life on Earthd. Fission is actually the important one.
9. Define precession. What does precession mean for our north star? A diagram can be used to support your explanation. (1.1.1-5)
10. The wobbling of Earth’s tilted rotational axis between 23 degrees and 24 degrees is called __________________. (1.1.1-6)
11. Earth’s magnetic field protects us from ______________. (1.1.4-4)a. Spinning or rotating too fast c. Solar energyb. Moon winds d. Solar winds
12. Create a flow chart of energy through space starting with fusion in the Sun and ending with food for humans. (1.1.3-3)
13. Even though the Sun emits many kinds of energy, why do we not feel or experience all the different kinds of energy it emits? (1.1.3-2) a. The atmosphere absorbs most of it, including much of the dangerous ones.b. They are all different names of the same thing.c. The magnetic field protects us.d. Photosynthesis captures it all.
CHALLENGE QUESTION:
Lithosphere: The Rock Cycle
1. Draw the rock cycle below. Include the following forces that transform rock from one form to another: extreme heat, pressure, compaction, cementation, gravity, etc.
2. Define the lithosphere (what two layers comprise or make up the lithosphere?)
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater
3. Label the four layers of the earth.
4. In the table below, fill in each layer of the earth and write one characteristic of each (besides where it is located).
Name of Layer One characteristic (fact)
5. Create an analogy to describe the Earth and its layers. For example:The earth is like an appleThe crust is like the skin because it is thin and on the outsideThe mantle is like the flesh because it is the largest layer and is a soft solidThe outer core is like the outside of the seeds because it is towards the inside The inner core is like the inside of the seeds because it is the solid, innermost part
Now, create your own!The earth is like a _______________________The crust is like the ____________________ because ________________________________________The mantle is like the ___________________ because _______________________________________The outer core is like the ________________ because ________________________________________The inner core is like the ________________ because ________________________________________
6. Use the words PANGAEA, CONTINENTAL DRIFT, and MOVEMENT to describe the theory of continental drift (textbook):
7. Why didn’t people believe Alfred Wegener when he proposed continental drift (the answer is NOT that he did not have enough evidence) (textbook):
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater
8. Draw a picture illustrating how convection currents work in the mantle.
9. How do convection currents contribute to plate movement?
10. Explain plate tectonics theory. What is the main difference between continental drift and plate tectonics theory?
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11. Complete the following table :
Boundary Type How do the plates move? What does it cause? Picture
Convergent
Divergent
Transform fault
Multiple-Choice Review:
1. Which of the following is not a major type of rock. (2.1.1-1)a. Metamorphic c. Igneousb. Mesozoic d. Sedimentary
2. ______ Deposition (2.1.1-1) a. The layering of rocks or sediment
______ Bedding (2.1.1-1) b. An even amount of pressure causing a layered or banded appearance. ______ Foliation (2.1.1-1) c. The piling of eroded sediments
3. Lava is located ____________ the Earth while magma is located _____________ the Earth. (2.1.1-
4. True or False: Volcanic Ash contains gases and affects atmospheric composition with pollutants such as dust, rock particles, and ash (2.1.1-4)
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater5. Waves that push and pull (like a slinky) are called _____________ waves and the waves that move up and down
are called ___________ waves. (2.1.1-5)a. S and Pb. P and Sc. Body waves and surface wavesd. Surface waves and body waves
6. Which theory explains why the earth vibrates in an earthquake? a. Elastic rebound theoryb. Strike slip theoryc. Seismatic theoryd. Theory of relativity
7. Which of the following is not a fault type involved in earthquakes? (2.1.1-5)a. Normal faultb. Strike slip faultc. Hanging wall faultd. Reverse fault
8. In the case of an earthquake, in the diagram below A represents the __________________ and B represents the ____________________. (2.1.1-5)
9. The two main causes of sea level rise are_________ and ________. Pick two! (2.1.1-7)a. Warmer water expanding c. It is raining too muchb. People drinking too much water d. Land based ice is melting
10. Which of the following does NOT affect the rate of weathering. (2.1.3-2)a. Topography c. Rock compositionb. Climate d. How much sun there is
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater11. On the map below, predict where earthquakes, volcanoes, and mid-ocean ridges will be. Also indicate where at
least one of each of the three types of plate boundaries is located. (2.1.2-1)
CHALLENGE QUESTION:
Atmosphere: Layers of the Atmosphere1. List the layers of the atmosphere, in order and include the composition of each. (ex) The troposphere is the layer
of the atmosphere closest to Earth’s surface where weather occurs.
a. What types of winds are responsible for our weather here in North Carolina?b. In the tropics/Equator?c. At the Poles?
Multiple-Choice Review:1. As you move away from the earth (altitude is increasing) the temperature of in the troposphere
___________________.
2. Denver, CO is 5100 ft. above sea level while Roanoke Rapids is 154 ft. above sea level. Which would you expect to have higher average temperature?
3. What is the most abundant (highest percentage) gas in the atmosphere? (2.5.1-1)a. Argon c. Water vaporb. Nitrogen d. Oxygen
4. Oxygen makes up about ______ percent of the atmosphere. (2.5.1-1)a. 79 c. 99b. 1 d. 20
5. Water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), Argon, and other gases make up _______ percent of the atmosphere. (2.5.1-1)a. 79 c. 99b. 1 d. 20
6. Water can be found in three states in the atmosphere: ______________, _____________, and _____________. (2.5.4-3)
7. When water changes states in the atmosphere it either ______________ or _____________ heat. (2.5.4-3)
8. True or False: The motion of air over water and land redistributing heat creates weather in an attempt to find a heat balance in the atmosphere.
9. What are the two solid particles in the atmosphere? Circle two. (2.5.4-3)a. Dust c. Salt b. CO2 d. Argon
10. The ozone layer protects living things on Earth from: a. Visible light c. UV radiationb. Infrared radiation d. carbon dioxide
11. The ozone layer is in the _____________. a. Thermosphere c. Mesosphereb. Stratosphere d. Troposphere
12. Humans produce harmful chemicals that harm the environment, such as CFCs that deteriorate the ozone layer. Describe what could happen if we continue to emit CFCs and how that could affect human life. (2.5.5-2)
13. Meteorology is the study of__________a. Meteors c. Space and planetsb. Weather and the atmosphere d. alternative energy sources
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater14. Below, please draw arrows and label the Trade Winds, Polar Easterlies, and Prevailing Westerlies on the globe. Locations don’t have to be exact. Make sure the order is right and the directions are right.
15. Because of the coriolis effect, _____________a. The air in the northern hemisphere is deflected to the right and the air in the southern hemisphere is deflected to
the left.b. The air in the northern hemisphere is deflected to the left and the air in the southern hemisphere is deflected to the
right.c. The atmosphere spins at the same rate as the surface of the earthd. The equator spins the fastest
16. Below is a May 2013 weather map. Identify the fronts on the map and predict the weather in Texas, Kansas, and Florida. (2.5.4-1, 2.5.4-2)
17. High-pressure systems are typically associated with __________________ weather and low-pressure systems are associated with ________________ weather.
18. High pressure air systems are more dense so they _____________ while low pressure systems are less dense and ______________. (2.5.3-1)
19. Air masses move from ________ pressure to ________ pressure, creating wind. (2.5.3-1)
20. What is the ultimate source of all energy in the atmosphere? a. Heat c. The sunb. The moon d. Temperature
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater
Hydrosphere: The Water Cycle1. Label the following steps of the water cycle on the diagram below (runoff, evaporation, condensation,
precipitation, transpiration) – each can be used more than once.
2. What is the difference between saltwater and freshwater?
5. Does the amount of water on Earth ever change? Why or why not?
6. Classify each of the following as either evaporation (E), condensation (C), precipitation (P), infiltration (I), transpiration (T), runoff (R) (each may be used more than once)______ water changing from liquid to gas______ water changing from gas to liquid______ formation of clouds______ evaporation from plants______ when precipitation seeps into the ground through cracks______ carries non-point source pollution
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater______ cause of steam from boiling water______ rain, snow, sleet, hail______ cause of water droplets on the outside of a cold water bottle______ water flowing down slopes, leads to formation of streams
7. What are 3 things water can do when it reaches Earth’s surface?
8. Explain how streams are formed. Use the words erosion and runoff in your answer.
9. How is weathering different from erosion?
10. What are the two types of weathering and how are they different?
11. Classify the following as examples of weathering (W) or erosion (E)______ frost wedging______ stream formation______ tree roots breaking up rock______ rust______ uploading______ sediments carried by runoff
12. Classify the following as examples of mechanical weathering (M) or chemical weathering (C)______ pothole formation due to frozen water expanding______ rust______ damaged surface of rock due to acid rain______ uploading and exfoliation______ copper reacting with oxygen in the air and turning green______ humans digging up rock at a construction site
13. Why is point source pollution different than non point source pollution?a. Because I say sob. Because point source reaches a point under earth’s surfacec. Because point source has a known point of origind. Because non point source has nothing to do with runoff.
14. Which of the following is NOT a source of freshwater?a. Lakeb. Oceanc. Riverd. Stream
Name: _______________________________ FreshwaterMineral Resources and Energy
1. What is a renewable resource? A nonrenewable resource?
Classify the terms below as either RENEWABLE or NON-RENEWABLE. You only need to write the letter of each term. Renewable Non-renewable
A. Coal E. ReusableB. Solar energy F. Millions of years to replenishC. Natural gas G. PetroleumD. Wind energy H. Fossil fuelsE. Wood I. Gasoline
2. Why are the earth’s resources being depleted?3. Why is it important to use alternative energy resources?
4. What are some examples of fossil fuels?
5. Coal and petroleum are formed when plant and animal remains are buried and placed under very high ____________________ and _______________________. How long does this take?
6. What is the definition of sustainable (it has 2 parts)?
7. Classify the terms below as either SUSTAINABLE or NON-SUSTAINABLE. You only need to write the letter of each term.
Sustainable Non-sustainable
A. Fossil Fuels E. Using gasoline to power a carB. Solar energy (sunlight) F. Recycling paperC. Geothermal energy G. Wind energyD. Hydroelectric power H. Clear-cutting E. Nuclear power I. Coal
Name: _______________________________ FreshwaterAir, Water, and Land Resources
1. Why are oceans important? What about freshwater?
2. How much of the Earth’s surface is water?
3. What is runoff and what does it have to do with pollution?
4. What are some ways that we pollute the water?
5. What is point source pollution? Nonpoint source pollution? Give an example of each.
6. What is the layer that protects the earth from UV radiation?
7. How do we damage this layer?
8. What are some ways that we pollute the air?
9. Match each of the following types of air pollution with its definition _____ sulfur oxides a. soot, ash, dust in the air_____ nitrogen oxides b. primary component of smog_____ carbon monoxide c. colorless, odorless poisonous gas_____ particulate matter d. found in gasoline, batteries, paint_____ ground-level ozone e. primary cause of acid rain_____ lead f. forms ozone, produced by industrial plants
Human Impacts1. What is one of the things you can do to protect our resources?
2. State one policy (or law) that the government passed to protect the air, water, or land resources. Who in the government enforces these laws?
3. What can loggers do to prevent deforestation? http://www.rainforestconcern.org/education_resources/what_can_we_do_to_stop_deforestation/
4. What are invasive (non-native) species, where do they come from, and what problems do they cause?
Greenhouse Effect1. According to the graph, what is happening to
CO2 levels and how does this affect temperature?
2. What is the greenhouse effect?
3. What are some greenhouse gases? What do they do? Where do they come from?
1. Fossil fuels are seen by some scientists as a temporary energy source. Which aspect of fossil fuels encourages scientists to find other sources of energy production?
a. It takes a very long time for fossil fuels to form. b. The burning of fossil fuels results in decreased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. c. Fossil fuels store energy for a short period of time. d. Fossil fuels are too expensive to produce.
2. Minerals that are deposited when magma hardens are formed by _________ processes.a. Igneousa. Point sourceb. Placerc. Erosion
3. Resources that can be replenished over a relatively short time span are called ____. a. fossil fuelsb. nonrenewable resourcesc. renewable resourcesd. mineral resources
4. Which of the following is NOT required to form coal? a. Heatb. Magmac. High pressured. Buried plant remains
5. Pollution carried to a water source by runoff is an example of ____ a. Point source pollutionb. Nonpoint source pollutionc. Thermal pollutiond. Groundwater pollution
6. The earth is considered the “water planet” because the surface is about _____% water. a. 60b. 70c. 10d. 3
7. Even though most of the Earth’s surface is water, why do we still need to make sure to use it carefully? a. Most of the water is pollutedb. Most of the water is not freshwaterc. Most people live far from a water sourced. Most of the water is underground
8. Which of the following is NOT a function of the atmosphere? a. Protects us from UV raysb. Traps heatc. Provides oxygend. Protects us from CFC’s
9. What in the atmosphere protects people from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation? a. Oxygenb. Nitrogen
10. Which of the following is NOT a main cause of air pollution? a. Power plantsb. Transportationc. Burning fossil fuelsd. Coal mining
11. Which of the following is NOT a main effect of air pollution? a. Destruction of habitatsb. Acid rainc. Reduced visibility and hazed. Respiratory illness
12. Which of the following is largely responsible for the growing hole in the Ozone layer? a. Carbon dioxideb. Methanec. CFCsd. Carbon monoxide
13. Which of the following is NOT a major resource we get from the land? a. Cropsb. Mineralsc. CO2
d. Wood
MAP SKILLS
1. Label the 5 major oceans on the map below.
2. What is the definition of an ecosystem?
3. In the absence of sunlight, where do organisms in the deep ocean get their energy? [deep-sea thermal vents: bacteria tap the energy from hydrogen sulfide]
4. What is coral reef bleaching? Describe what causes it and what happens to the coral as a result?
[think back to article on coral reefs in South Florida]
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater
5. Density currents can be caused by differences in temperature or salinity. For each, explain which type of water rises and which sinks.
6. How are density currents similar to convection currents in the mantle?
Upwelling generally occurs where two or more ocean currents diverge, or flow away from one another. 7. Use the map below to circle a location where you think upwelling could occur.
8. How does upwelling affect the marine life (fish, etc.) in the area?
9. What is downwelling and what does it bring?
10. How might global climate change and the greenhouse effect affect ocean currents? What will this do to weather in different regions?
11. What are 3 things that determine the height of a wave?
12. Under what conditions would you expect to find the highest waves?
13. In the diagram below, label the crest, trough, wavelength, and wave height.
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater
Multiple Choice Review:1. What causes ocean currents?
a. The sun, onlyb. The sun, density, and windc. The moon, onlyd. The sun and moon
2. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between polyps and algae in coral reefs? a. polyps provide oxygen for algae and algae clean the polypsb. algae provide a place for polyps to grow and polyps scare off predators of algaec. polyps and algae compete for nutrientsd. polyps provide nutrients for algae and algae provide sugar for polyps
3. Which of the following does NOT affect the height of a wave? a. Wind speed b. Salinity
c.Wind duration d. Fetch (space over which wind travels)
4. Which of the following will lead to the tallest wave? a. High wind speed and long wind durationb. Low wind speed and long wind durationc. High wind speed and short wind durationd. Low wind speed and short wind duration
1. Draw an elliptical orbit.
2. What does Global Positioning Systems (GPS) show you?
3. What is a satellite?
4. What is the purpose of latitude and longitude?
5. On a globe, in which direction do latitude and longitude run?
6. What is the name for 0 degrees latitude? What about 0 degrees longitude?
7. What do the lines on a topographic map show?
8. Fill in the latitude and/or longitude coordinates of the following locations using the map below.
Name: _______________________________ Freshwater Use the topographic map below for questions #9-10
9. What is the size of the contour interval?
10. What is the
elevation of the smiley face on the topographic map above?
11. Using the map below, which side is steeper? A. East sideB. West sideC. Neither
