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Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
From brain to neuron to molecule and back again: circular causality in the organization of embodied
cognition
Walter J FreemanUniversity of California
at Berkeleyhttp://sulcus.berkeley.edu
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Information Technology was repudiated almost immediately by the key designer of the serial digital computer:
“Whatever the language of the brain is, it cannot fail to differ considerably from what we consciously and
explicitly consider as mathematics.”
John von Neumann (1958)
“The Computer and the Brain”
John von Neumann
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
“Brains lack the arithmetic and
logical depth that characterize our computations… .”
“We require exquisite numerical precision over many logical steps to
achieve what brains accomplish in very few short steps.”
The Computer and the
Brain, 1958, p. 63.
John von Neumann, 1900-1958
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Claude Shannon
“The fundamental problem of
communication is to reproduce a message. … Frequently the messages have meaning. …
These semantic aspects
are irrelevant to the engineering
problem.”
Claude Shannon (1948)
“A mathematical theory of
communication.” Bell System Technical
Journal 27: 379.
Likewise by Shannon:
Claude Shannon 1916-2001
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
The use of imaging to localize brain modules:
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
PET, SPECT, BOLD, fMRI, DTA, EEG, MEG, etc. support contemporary forms of
19th century phrenology. Neumann & Nichols, Nature, 1999. Imaging data assembled by C. J. Doane.
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Requirement for a new model
OUTLINE
Why is the information/representation
model so tenacious?
What can be done to open the way to new models?
What are von Neumann’s “few short steps”?
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Haken Prigogine
Brains are open thermodynamic systems far from equilibrium.
Ilya Prigogine, 1917-2003 Hermann Haken, 1927 - “dissipative structures” “circular causality”
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
EEG, Cat hungry, then satiated
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
PG PSTH
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Periglomerular (PG) root loci
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
PG Threshold, non-zero point attractor
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Pole at the origin of the complex plane
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Root loci: Sigmoid curve
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Root loci: Sigmoid curve, KIe
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
St. Thomas Aquinas, Intentionality
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
An example of intentionality
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Root loci: PG PSTH and AEP
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Root loci: 64 AEP OB from PON
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Root loci: Mode 1e
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Root loci Mode 2:
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Root loci: Sigmoid curve, KIIob
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
A state transition is induced in the olfactory system
by each inhalation that brings new sensory input.
Freeman, 1972
Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley
Electrode arrays on rabbit brain
Left hemisphere of the rabbit brain with size and location of 8x8
electrode arraysThe circles show typical activity
domains.