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WAN Optimization Controller Technologies Version 5.0 Network and Deployment Topologies Storage and Replication FCIP Configuration WAN Optimization Controller Appliances Chuan Liu Eric Pun Donald Robertson Tom Zhao
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Page 1: WAN Optimization Controller Technologies TechBook · 2020. 8. 21. · Title: WAN Optimization Controller Technologies TechBook Author: EMC E-Lab Subject: WAN Optimization Controller

WAN Optimization Controller Technologies

Version 5.0

• Network and Deployment Topologies

• Storage and Replication

• FCIP Configuration

• WAN Optimization Controller Appliances

Chuan LiuEric PunDonald RobertsonTom Zhao

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WAN Optimization Controller Technologies TechBook2

Copyright © 2012- 2015 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information issubject to change without notice.

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” EMC CORPORATION MAKES NOREPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION IN THISPUBLICATION, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicablesoftware license.

EMC2, EMC, and the EMC logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of EMC Corporation in the UnitedState and other countries. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.

For the most up-to-date regulator document for your product line, go to EMC Online Support(https://support.emc.com).

Part number H8076.7

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Contents

Preface.............................................................................................................................. 5

Chapter 1 Network and Deployment Topologies andImplementationsOverview............................................................................................ 12Network topologies and implementations ................................... 13Deployment topologies.................................................................... 15Storage and replication application................................................ 17

Configuration settings............................................................... 17Network topologies and implementations ............................ 18Network topology for SRDF with GigE ................................. 18Notes............................................................................................ 22

Chapter 2 FCIP ConfigurationsBrocade FCIP ..................................................................................... 24

Configuration settings............................................................... 24Brocade FCIP Tunnel settings.................................................. 24Rules and restrictions................................................................ 25References ................................................................................... 26

Cisco FCIP.......................................................................................... 27Configuration settings............................................................... 27Notes............................................................................................ 28Basic guidelines.......................................................................... 29Rules and restrictions................................................................ 30References ................................................................................... 30

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Contents

Chapter 3 WAN Optimization ControllersRiverbed Steelhead appliances ....................................................... 32

Overview .................................................................................... 32Terminology ............................................................................... 33Notes............................................................................................ 38Features ....................................................................................... 38Deployment topologies............................................................. 38Failure modes supported ......................................................... 39FCIP environment ..................................................................... 39GigE environment ..................................................................... 42References ................................................................................... 44

Riverbed SteelFusion solution ........................................................ 45Overview .................................................................................... 45Features ....................................................................................... 47Configuring SteelFusion Core High Availability ................. 49Deployment topologies............................................................. 52Configuring iSCSI settings on EMC storage.......................... 53Configuring iSCSI initiator on SteelFusion Core .................. 54Configuring iSCSI portal .......................................................... 55Configuring LUNs..................................................................... 58Configuring local LUNs ........................................................... 60Adding SteelFusion Edge appliances ..................................... 61Configuring CHAP users ......................................................... 62Confirming connection to the SteelFusion Edgeappliance................................................................................... 63

References ................................................................................... 64Silver Peak appliances...................................................................... 65

Overview .................................................................................... 65Terminology ............................................................................... 66Features ....................................................................................... 68Deployment topologies............................................................. 69Failure modes supported ......................................................... 69FCIP environment ..................................................................... 69GigE environment ..................................................................... 70References ................................................................................... 71

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Preface

This EMC Engineering TechBook provides a high-level overview of theWAN Optimization Controller (WOC) appliance, including network anddeployment topologies, storage and replication application, FCIPconfigurations, and WAN Optimization Controller appliances.

E-Lab would like to thank all the contributors to this document, includingEMC engineers, EMC field personnel, and partners. Your contributions areinvaluable.

As part of an effort to improve and enhance the performance and capabilitiesof its product lines, EMC periodically releases revisions of its hardware andsoftware. Therefore, some functions described in this document may not besupported by all versions of the software or hardware currently in use. Forthe most up-to-date information on product features, refer to your productrelease notes. If a product does not function properly or does not function asdescribed in this document, please contact your EMC representative.

Audience This TechBook is intended for EMC field personnel, includingtechnology consultants, and for the storage architect, administrator,and operator involved in acquiring, managing, operating, ordesigning a networked storage environment that contains EMC andhost devices.

EMC Support Matrixand E-Lab

InteroperabilityNavigator

For the most up-to-date information, always consult the EMC SupportMatrix (ESM), available through E-Lab Interoperability Navigator(ELN) at http://elabnavigator.EMC.com.

Consult the Internet Protocol pdf under the "Miscellaneous" headingfor EMC's policies and requirements for the EMC Support Matrix.

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6

Preface

Relateddocumentation

The following documents, including this one, are available throughthe E-Lab Interoperability Navigator athttp://elabnavigator.EMC.com.

These documents are also available at the following location:

http://www.emc.com/products/interoperability/topology-resource-center.htm

• Backup and Recovery in a SAN TechBook• Building Secure SANs TechBook• Extended Distance Technologies TechBook• Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Data Center Bridging (DCB)

Concepts and Protocols TechBook• Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Data Center Bridging (DCB)

Case Studies TechBook• Fibre Channel SAN Topologies TechBook• iSCSI SAN Topologies TechBook• Networked Storage Concepts and Protocols TechBook• Networking for Storage Virtualization and RecoverPoint TechBook• EMC Connectrix SAN Products Data Reference Manual• Legacy SAN Technologies Reference Manual• Non-EMC SAN Products Data Reference Manual

◆ EMC Symmetrix Remote Data Facility (SRDF) Connectivity Guide,located on the E-Lab Interoperability Navigator athttp://elabnavigator.EMC.com.

◆ EMC Support Matrix, available through E-Lab InteroperabilityNavigator at http://elabnavigator.EMC.com.

◆ RSA security solutions documentation, which can be found athttp://RSA.com > Content Library

EMC documentation and release notes can be found at EMC OnlineSupport (https://support.emc.com).

For vendor documentation, refer to the vendor’s website.

Authors of thisTechBook

This TechBook was authored by Vinay Jonnakuti and Eric Pun, alongwith other EMC engineers, EMC field personnel, and partners.

Chuan Liu is a Senior Systems Integration Engineer with more than 6years of experience in the telecommunication industry. After joiningEMC, he worked in E-Lab qualifying IBM/HP/Cisco blade switchesand WAN Optimization products. Currently, Chuan focuses onqualifying SRDF with FCIP/GigE technologies used in the setup ofdifferent WAN Optimization products.

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Preface

Eric Pun is a Senior Systems Integration Engineer and has been withEMC for over 13 years. For the past several years, Eric has worked inE-lab qualifying interoperability between Fibre Channel switchedhardware and distance extension products. The distance extensiontechnology includes DWDM, CWDM, OTN, FC-SONET, FC-GbE,FC-SCTP, and WAN Optimization products. Eric has been acontributor to various E-Lab documentation, including the SRDFConnectivity Guide.

Donald Robertson is a Senior Systems Integration Engineer and hasheld various engineering positions in the storage industry for over 18years. As part of the EMC E-Lab team, Don leads the qualificationand architecting of solutions with WAN-Optimization appliancesfrom various partners using various replication technologies,including SRDF (GigE/FCIP), VPLEX, RecoverPoint.

Tom Zhao is a Systems Engineer Team Lead with over 6 years ofexperience in the IT industry, including over one year in storage atEMC. Tom works in E-lab qualifying Symmetrix, RecoverPoint, WANOptimization, and cache- based products and solutions. Prior toEMC, Tom focused on developing management and maintenancetools for x86 servers and platforms.

Conventions used inthis document

EMC uses the following conventions for special notices:

Note: A note presents information that is important, but not hazard-related.

Typographical conventionsEMC uses the following type style conventions in this document.

Bold Use for names of interface elements, such as names of windows, dialog boxes, buttons, fields, tab names, key names, and menu paths (what the user specifically selects or clicks)

Italic Use for full titles of publications referenced in text

Monospace Use for:• System output, such as an error message or script• System code• Pathnames, filenames, prompts, and syntax• Commands and options

Monospace italic Use for variables.

Monospace bold Use for user input.

[ ] Square brackets enclose optional values

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8

Preface

Where to get help EMC support, product, and licensing information can be obtained asfollows:

Note: To open a service request through the EMC Online Support site, youmust have a valid support agreement. Contact your EMC sales representativefor details about obtaining a valid support agreement or to answer anyquestions about your account.

Product informationFor documentation, release notes, software updates, or forinformation about EMC products, licensing, and service, go to theEMC Online Support site (registration required) at:

https://support.EMC.com

Technical supportEMC offers a variety of support options.

Support by Product — EMC offers consolidated, product-specificinformation on the Web at:

https://support.EMC.com/products

The Support by Product web pages offer quick links toDocumentation, White Papers, Advisories (such as frequently usedKnowledgebase articles), and Downloads, as well as more dynamiccontent, such as presentations, discussion, relevant CustomerSupport Forum entries, and a link to EMC Live Chat.

EMC Live Chat — Open a Chat or instant message session with anEMC Support Engineer.

eLicensing supportTo activate your entitlements and obtain your Symmetrix license files,visit the Service Center on https://support.EMC.com, as directed onyour License Authorization Code (LAC) letter e-mailed to you.

| Vertical bar indicates alternate selections — the bar means “or”

{ } Braces enclose content that the user must specify, such as x or y or z

... Ellipses indicate nonessential information omitted from the example

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Preface

For help with missing or incorrect entitlements after activation (thatis, expected functionality remains unavailable because it is notlicensed), contact your EMC Account Representative or AuthorizedReseller.

For help with any errors applying license files through SolutionsEnabler, contact the EMC Customer Support Center.

If you are missing a LAC letter, or require further instructions onactivating your licenses through the Online Support site, contactEMC's worldwide Licensing team at [email protected] or call:

◆ North America, Latin America, APJK, Australia, New Zealand:SVC4EMC (800-782-4362) and follow the voice prompts.

◆ EMEA: +353 (0) 21 4879862 and follow the voice prompts.

We'd like to hear from you!Your suggestions will help us continue to improve the accuracy,organization, and overall quality of the user publications. Send youropinions of this document to:

[email protected]

Your feedback on our TechBooks is important to us! We want ourbooks to be as helpful and relevant as possible. Send us yourcomments, opinions, and thoughts on this or any other TechBook to:

[email protected]

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Preface

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1

This chapter provides the following information for the WANOptimization Controller (WOC) appliance:

◆ Overview............................................................................................. 12◆ Network topologies and implementations..................................... 13◆ Deployment topologies ..................................................................... 15◆ Storage and replication application................................................. 17

Network andDeployment

Topologies andImplementations

Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations 11

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

OverviewA WAN Optimization Controller (WOC) is an appliance that can beplaced In-line or Out-of-Path to reduce and optimize the data that isto be transmitted over the LAN/MAN/WAN. These devices aredesigned to help mitigate the effects of packet loss, networkcongestion, and latency while reducing the overall amount of data tobe transmitted over the network.

In general, the technologies utilized in accomplishing this areTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) acceleration,data-deduplication, and compression. Additionally, features such asQoS, Forward Error Correction (FEC), and Encryption may also beavailable.

Network links and WAN circuits can have high latency and/orpacket loss as well as limited capacity. WAN OptimizationControllers can be used to maximize the amount of data that can betransmitted over a link. In some cases, these appliances may be anecessity, depending on performance requirements.

WAN and data optimization can occur at varying layers of the OSIstack, whether it be at the network and transport layer, the session,presentation, and application layers, or just to the data (payload)itself.

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

Network topologies and implementationsTCP was developed as a local area network (LAN) protocol.However, with the advancement of the Internet it was expanded to beused over the WAN. Over time TCP has been enhanced, but evenwith these enhancements TCP is still not well-suited for WAN use formany applications.

The primary factors that directly impact TCP's ability to be optimizedover the WAN are latency, packet loss, and the amount of bandwidthto be utilized. It is these factors on which the layer 3/4 optimizationproducts focus. Many of these optimization products willre-encapsulate the packets into UDP or their proprietary protocol,while others may still use TCP, but optimize the connections betweena set of WAN Optimization Controllers at each end of the WAN.While some products create tunnels to perform their peer-to-peerconnection between appliances for the optimized data, others mayjust modify, or tag other aspects within the packet to ensure that thefar-end WOC captures the optimized traffic.

Optimization of the payload (data) within the packet focuses on thereduction of actual payload as it passes over the network through theuse of data compression and/or data de-duplication engines (DDEs).Compression is performed through the use of data compressionalgorithms, while DDE uses large data pattern tables and associatedpointers (fingerprints). Large amounts of memory and/or hard-drivestorage can be used to store these pattern tables and pointers.Identical tables are built in the optimization appliances on both sidesof the WAN, and as new traffic passes through the WOC patterns arematched, and only the associated pointers are sent over the network(versus resending data.) While typical LZ compression ratio is about2:1, DDE ratios can range greatly, depending on many factors. Ingeneral the combination of both of these technologies, DDE andcompression, will achieve around a 5:1 (and sometimes much higherratios) reduction level.

Layer 4/7 optimization is what is called the "application" layer ofoptimization. This area of optimization can take many approachesthat can vary widely, but are generally done through the use ofapplication-aware optimization engines. The actions taken by theseengines can result in benefits, including reductions in the number oftransactions that occur over the network or more efficient use ofbandwidth. It is also at this layer the TCP optimization occurs.

Network topologies and implementations 13

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

Overall, WAN optimizers can be aligned with customer networkingbest practices, and it should be made clear to the customer thatapplications using these devices can, and should, be prioritized basedon their WAN bandwidth/throughput requirements.

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

Deployment topologiesThere are two basic topologies for deployment:

◆ In-path/in-line/bridge

◆ Out-of-path/routed

An in-path/in-line/bridge deployment, as shown in Figure 1, meansthat the WAN Optimization Controller (WOC) is directly in the pathbetween the source and destination end points where all inboundand outbound flows will pass through the WAN OptimizationControllers. The placement of the WOC devices at each site istypically placed as close as possible to the WAN circuit.

Figure 1 In-path/in-line/bridge topology

An out-of-path/routed deployment, as shown in Figure 2, means thatthe WOC is not in the direct path between the source and destinationend points. The traffic must be routed/redirected to the WOC devicesusing routing features such as WCCP, PBR, VRRP, etc.

Figure 2 Out-of-path/routed topology

Deployment topologies 15

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

◆ WCCPv2 (Web Cache Communication Protocol) is a contentrouting protocol that provides a mechanism to redirect traffic inreal-time. WCCP also has built-in mechanisms to support loadbalancing, fault tolerance, and scalability.

◆ PBR (Policy Based Routing) is a technique used to make routingdecisions based on policies or a combination of policies such aspacket size, protocol of the payload, source, destination, or othernetwork characteristics.

◆ VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is a redundancyprotocol designed to increase the availability of a default gateway.

In the event of a power failure or WOC hardware or software failure,it is necessary for the WOC to provide some level of action. The WOCcan either continue to allow data to pass through, unoptimized, or itcan block all traffic from flowing through it. The failure modestypically offered by WAN optimizers are commonly referred to as:

◆ Fails-to-Wire

The appliance will behave as a crossover cable connecting theEthernet LAN switch directly to the WAN router and traffic willcontinue to flow uninterrupted and unoptimized.

◆ Fails-Open / Fails-to-Block

The appliance will behave as an open port to the WAN router.The WAN router will recognize that the link is down and willbegin forwarding traffic according to its routing tables.

Depending upon your deployment topology, you may determine thatone method may be better suited for your environment than theother.

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

Storage and replication applicationThis section provides storage and replication application details forEMC® products:

◆ Symmetrix®/VMAX™ SRDF®

◆ RecoverPoint

◆ SAN Copy™

◆ Celerra Replicator™

◆ MirrorView™

Configuration settingsConfigurations settings are as follows:

◆ Compression on GigE (RE) port = Enabled

Note: On VMAX platforms, enabling HW compression requires bothenabling HW compression in BIN file and enabling by SRDF Group viasoftware (SE, HC, etc.) or Inlines, for all applicable SRDF director ports.

Note: For Riverbed Steelhead RiOS v6.1.1a or later and Silver PeakNX-OS 4.4 or later, the compression setting should be Enabled on theSymmetrix storage system. The WAN optimization appliancesautomatically detect and disable compression on the Symmetrix system.In the event the WAN optimization appliances go down or are removed,the Symmetric REs will re-enable compression and provide some level ofbandwidth reduction, although likely not to the level provided by theWAN optimization appliances.

◆ SRDF Flow Control = Enabled

Note: In a GigE WAN optimization environment, use the following:

For Riverbed, use legacy flow control for 5876.229.145 and older ucode.Use dynamic flow control for 5876.251.161 and later. Dynamic flowcontrol is only supported with Riverbed using RiOS 8.0.2 and later. Referto the WAN Optimization Controller table in the EMC Support Matrix forsupport RiOS revisions. In some instances when there is packet loss,legacy flow control may increase performance if customer requirementsare not being met.

Storage and replication application 17

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

For Silver Peak, dynamic flow control is the recommended flow controlsetting.

Note: In a GigE WAN optimization environment: If Legacy flow controlis used, set the JFC Windows buffer size to 2048(0x800).

In a FCIP WAN optimization environment, if Legacy flow control isused, set the JFC Windows buffer size to 49K (0xC400).

When upgrading from 5876.229.145 and older ucode (where legacy flowcontrol should be set) to 5876.251.161 and later, it is recommended toremain at legacy flow control.

◆ Disable the speed limit for transmit rate on GigE(RE) ports.

◆ GigE connection number

More connections bring more LAN throughput and a higherWAN compression ratio for Riverbed Steelhead deployments.Increasing the number of TCP connections through the number ofphysical ports is the recommended approach. This approach isbeneficial because it is commonly configured in the field and alsoadds CPU processing power. If additional TCP connections arerequired, increase the number of TCP connections per DID.However, be aware that too many TCP connections are notdesirable for a number of reasons. EMC recommends no morethan 32 TCP connections per group of meshed GigE links.

Refer to “Network topology for SRDF with GigE” on page 18, forfurther recommendations on managing TCP connections toprevent link instability.

Network topologies and implementationsIn general, it has been observed that optimization ratios are higherwith SRDF/A than SRDF Adaptive Copy. There are many factors thatimpact how much optimization will occur, therefore results will vary.

Network topology for SRDF with GigEIn general, there are three types of network topology for SRDFconnection with GigE:

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

◆ Full-mesh

◆ Partial-mesh

◆ Point-to-point

As shown in Figure 3, four pairs of RE ports form a 4x4 full-meshtopology. Sixteen (16) SRDF TCP links are available in this topology.

Figure 3 Full-mesh topology example

Full-mesh topology provides more TCP connections, which canimprove SRDF throughput and error recovery (i.e., from packet loss)over longer distances. However, it may also bring pressure to theswitch ports that connect to the target RE ports (especially for 1GbE),since the four source RE ports may send traffic to the same target REport simultaneously, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 Traffic to the same target RE port example

Storage and replication application 19

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

In the 1 GbE SRDF setup shown in Figure 4, the combined data flowsfrom the four source RE ports towards the target RE port will all gothrough the 1GbE switch port at R2 side, which may exceed 1 Gbpsfrom time to time, exhausting the switch port buffer causing discardof packets.

10 GbE SRDF setup is less likely to see packet discards, but for 1 GbESRDF, the potential for significant packet discards exists, dependenton the model of the network switch and its port buffering capacity.

If encountering replication I/O errors, timeouts and link bounces,due to high packet discards, it is recommended that you decrease thenumber of TCP sessions by reducing full mesh to smallersub-meshes, as shown in Figure 5. For example, if there are 4 REs to 4REs, split them into two 2 x 2 meshes, and so on.

Figure 5 Partial-mesh example

If you still encounter link bounces and I/O timeouts, you canminimize TCP connections by using point-to-point (p2p) topology,

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

instead of a mesh, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 Point-to-Point topology example

Note: The trade-off between reducing link errors by reducing TCPconnections is the possible impact on throughput over distance. Each 1GbEand 10GbE RE has a maximum throughput of ('n' TCP connections X (2 MB XCompression Rate)/ RTT round trip time in ms), so in a true point-to-pointconfiguration, each RE link is limited to '1' X (2 MB x Compression Rate)/RTT. Therefore, any distance beyond 40ms @ 2:1 compression, or ~60ms @3:1compression, for example, will cause each 1GbE and 10GbE RE to fall below100 MB/s maximum link rate. If required, a preferred option is addingadditional point-to-point RE pairs to increase performance over distance.Otherwise, the only remaining option is to add TCP connections per RE viaInlines (up to 4).

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Network and Deployment Topologies and Implementations

NotesNote the following.

Symmetrix configuration settings

Compression Compression should always be enabled on the Symmetrix GigE portsif the WAN optimization controller performs dedupe and has thecapability of dynamically disabling compression for the SymmetrixGigE port. Riverbed Steelhead and Silver Peak WAN optimizationcontrollers support this feature. This ensures that dedup can alwaysbe applied to uncompressed data when a WAN optimizationcontroller is present, yet compression is also applied if WANoptimization is bypassed.

Note: On VMAX platforms, enabling HW compression requires bothenabling HW compression in BIN file and enabling by SRDF Group viasoftware (SE, HC, etc) or Inlines, for all applicable SRDF director ports.

SRDF Flow Control SRDF Flow Control is enabled by default for increased stability of theSRDF links. In some cases, further tuning of SRDF flow control andrelated settings can be made to improve performance. For moreinformation, refer to “Storage and replication application” on page 17or contact your EMC Customer Service representative.

Data reduction considerationsIn general, it has been observed that optimization ratios are higherwith GigE ports on the GigE director as opposed to FCIP. There aremany factors that impact how much optimization will occur, (forexample, SRDF mode or repeatability of data patterns); therefore,results will vary.

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2

This chapter provides FCIP configuration information for:

◆ Brocade FCIP ...................................................................................... 24◆ Cisco FCIP ........................................................................................... 27

FCIP Configurations

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FCIP Configurations

Brocade FCIPThis section provides configuration information for Brocade FCIP.

Note: Support for Brocade FCIP with WAN Optimization Controllers islimited. Please check the WAN Optimization Controller table in the EMCSupport Matrix for supported configurations. The EMC Support Matrix isavailable at https://elabnavigator.emc.com.

Configuration settingsConfiguration settings are as follows:

◆ FCIP Fastwrite = Enabled

◆ Compression = Disabled

◆ TCP Byte Streaming = Enabled

◆ Commit Rate or Max/Min settings = in Kb/s (Environmentdependent)

◆ Tape Pipelining = Disabled

◆ SACK = Enabled

◆ Min Retransmit Time = 100

◆ Keep-Alive Timeout = 10

◆ Max Re-Transmissions = 8

Brocade FCIP Tunnel settingsConsider the following:

◆ FCIP Fastwrite

This setting accelerates SCSI Write I/Os over the FCIP tunnel.This cannot be combined with FC Fastwrites. FCIP Fastwriteshould be enabled and FC Fastwrite should be disabled whenusing WAN Optimization Controller (WOC) devices.

There are two different FastWrites: FC-FastWrite and FCIPFastWrite. FC FastWrite applies to FC ISLs, while FCIP FastWrite(same FC protocol) applies to FCIP tunnels.

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FCIP Configurations

◆ Compression

This simply compresses the data that flows over the FCIP tunnel.This should be disabled when using with WAN OptimizationController (WOC) devices, thus allowing the WOC device toperform the compression and data de-duplication.

◆ Commit Rate

This setting is environment dependent. This should be set inaccordance with the WAN Optimization vendor. Considerationssuch as data-to-be-optimized, available WAN circuit size anddata-reduction ratio need to be taken into account.

◆ Adaptive Rate Limit (ARL)

Commit Rate is replaced by Minimum and Maximum rates sincenewer installations have the ARL feature. When used with WANOptimization, the maximum is always set to port link speed.Refer to the Brocade or WAN optimization vendordocumentation for more information.

◆ TCP Byte Streaming

This is a Brocade feature which allows a Brocade FCIP switch tocommunicate with a third-party WAN Optimization Controller.This feature supports an FCIP frame which has been split into amaximum of 8 separate TCP segments. If the frame is split intomore than eight segments, it results in prematurely sending aframe to the FCIP layer with an incorrect size and the FCIP tunnelbounces.

Rules and restrictionsConsider the following rules and restrictions when using TCP bytestreaming:

◆ Only one FCIP tunnel is allowed to be configured for a GigE portthat has TCP Byte Streaming configured.

◆ FCIP tunnel cannot have compression enabled.

◆ FCIP tunnel cannot have FC Fastwrite enabled.

◆ FCIP tunnel must have a committed rate set.

◆ Both sides of the FCIP tunnel must be identically configured.

◆ TCP byte streaming is not compatible with older FOS revisions,which do not have the option available.

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ReferencesFor further information, refer to https://support.emc.com andhttp://www.brocade.com.

◆ EMC Connectrix B Series Fabric OS Administrator's Guide

◆ Brocade Fabric OS Administrator’s Guide

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Cisco FCIPThis section provides configuration information for Cisco FCIP.

Configuration settingsConfiguration settings are as follows:

◆ Max-Bandwidth = Environment dependent (Default = 1000 Kb)

◆ Min-Available-Bandwidth = Normally set to WAN bandwidth /number of GigE links using that bandwidth.

For example, if WAN = 1 Gb and using 2 GigE ports, then the Min= 480 Mb; if using 4 GigE, then Min = 240 Mb.

◆ Estimated roundtrip time = Set to measured latency (round-triptime - RTT) between MDS switches

◆ IP Compression = Disabled

◆ FCIP Write Acceleration = Enabled

◆ Tape Accelerator = Disabled

◆ Encryption = Disabled

◆ Min Re-Transmit Timer = 200 ms

◆ Max Re-Transmissions = 8

◆ Keep-Alive = 60

◆ SACK = Enabled

◆ Timestamp = Disabled

◆ PMTU = Enabled

◆ CWM = Enabled

◆ CWM Burst Size = 50 KB

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NotesConsider the following information for Cisco FCIP tunnel settings:

◆ Max-Bandwidth

The max-bandwidth-mbps parameter and the measured RTTtogether determine the maximum window size. This should beconfigured to match the worst-case bandwidth available on thephysical link.

◆ Min-Available-Bandwidth

The min-available-bandwidth parameter and the measured RTTtogether determine the threshold below which TCP aggressivelymaintains a window size sufficient to transmit at minimumavailable bandwidth. It is recommend that you adjust this to50-80% of the Max-Bandwidth.

◆ Estimated Roundtrip-Time

This is the measured latency between the 2 MDS GigE interfaces.The following MDS command can be used to measure the RTT:

FCIPMDS2(config)# do ips measure-rtt 10.20.5.71interface GigabitEthernet1/1Roundtrip time is 106 micro seconds (0.11 milliseconds)

Only configure the measured latency when there is no WANoptimization appliance. When the MDS switch is connected to aWAN optimization appliance, leave the roundtrip setting at itsdefault (1000 msec in the Management Console, 1 ms in the CLI).

◆ FCIP Write Acceleration

Write Acceleration is used to help alleviate the effects of networklatency. It can work with Port-Channels only when thePort-Channel is managed by Port-Channel protocol (PCP). FCIPwrite acceleration can be enabled for multiple FCIP tunnels if thetunnels are part of a dynamic Port-Channel configured withchannel mode active. FCIP write acceleration does not work ifmultiple non-Port -Channel ISLs exist with equal weight betweenthe initiator and the target port.

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◆ Min Re-Transmit Timer

This is the amount of time that TCP waits before retransmitting.In environments where there may be high packet loss /congestion, this number may need to be adjusted to 4x themeasured roundtrip-time. Ping may be used to measure theround trip latency between the two MDS switches.

◆ Max Re-Transmissions

The maximum number of times that a packet is retransmittedbefore the TCP connection is closed.

Basic guidelinesConsider the following guidelines when creating/utilizing multipleFCIP interfaces /profiles:

◆ Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces support a single IP address.

◆ Every FCIP profile must be uniquely addressable by an IPaddress and TCP port pair. Where FCIP profiles share a GigabitEthernet interface, the FCIP profiles must use different TCP portnumbers.

◆ FCIP Interface defines the physical FCIP link (local GigE port). Ifyou add an FCIP Profile for TCP parameters and a local GigE IPaddress plus peer (remote) IP address to the FCIP Interface, itforms an FCIP Link or Tunnel. There are always two TCPconnections (control plus data) and you can add one additionaldata TCP connection per FCIP link.

◆ EMC recommends three FCIP interfaces per GigE port for bestperformance. More FCIP interfaces help improve SRDF linkstability when there is high latency and/or packet loss(>100ms/0.5%, regardless of whether latency and packet dropconditions exist together or only one exists). A dedicated FCIPprofile per FCIP link is recommended.

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Rules and restrictionsConsider the following rules and restrictions when enabling FCIPWrite Acceleration:

◆ It can work with Port-Channels only when the Port-Channel ismanaged by Port-Channel Protocol (PCP).

◆ FCIP write acceleration can be enabled for multiple FCIP tunnelsif the tunnels are part of a dynamic Port-Channel configured withchannel mode active.

◆ FCIP write acceleration does not work if multiplenon-Port-Channel ISLs exist with equal weight between theinitiator and the target port.

◆ Do not enable time stamp control on an FCIP interface with writeacceleration configured.

◆ Write acceleration can not be used across FSPF equal cost paths inFCIP deployments. Also, FCIP write acceleration can be used inPort-Channels configured with channel mode active orconstructed with Port-Channel Protocol (PCP).

ReferencesFor further information, refer to the following documentation onCisco's website at http://www.cisco.com.

◆ Wide Area Application Services Configuration Guide

◆ Replication Acceleration Deployment Guide

◆ Q&A for WAAS Replication Accelerator Mode

◆ MDS 9000 Family CLI Configuration Guide

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This chapter provides information on the following WANOptimization Controller (WOC) appliances, along with RiverbedSteelFusion, which is used in conjunction with Steelhead:

◆ Riverbed Steelhead appliances ........................................................ 32◆ Riverbed SteelFusion solution.......................................................... 45◆ Silver Peak appliances ....................................................................... 65

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Riverbed Steelhead appliancesThis section provides information on the Riverbed Steelhead WANOptimization Controller and the Riverbed system. The followingtopics are discussed:

◆ “Overview” on page 32

◆ “Terminology” on page 33

◆ “Notes” on page 38

◆ “Features” on page 38

◆ “Deployment topologies” on page 38

◆ “Failure modes supported” on page 39

◆ “FCIP environment” on page 39

◆ “GigE environment” on page 42

◆ “References” on page 44

OverviewRiOS is the software that powers the Riverbed's Steelhead WANOptimization Controller. The optimization techniques RiOS utilizesare:

◆ Data Streamlining◆ Transport Streamlining◆ Application Streamlining, and◆ Management Streamlining

RiOS uses a Riverbed proprietary algorithm called Scalable DataReferencing (SDR) along with data compression when optimizingdata across the WAN. SDR breaks up TCP data streams into uniquedata chunks that are stored in the hard disk (data store) of the devicerunning RiOS. Each data chunk is assigned a unique integer label(reference) before it is sent to a peer RiOS device across the WAN.When the same byte sequence is seen again in future transmissionsfrom clients or servers, the reference is sent across the WAN insteadof the raw data chunk. The peer RiOS device uses this reference tofind the original data chunk on its data store, and reconstruct theoriginal TCP data stream.

After a data pattern is stored on the disk of a Steelhead appliance, itcan be leveraged for transfers to any other Steelhead appliance across

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all applications being accelerated by Data Streamlining. DataStreamlining also includes optional QoS enforcement. QoSenforcement can be applied to both optimized and unoptimizedtraffic, both TCP and UDP.

Steelhead appliances also use a generic latency optimizationtechnique called Transport Streamlining. Transport Streamlining usesa set of standards and proprietary techniques to optimize TCP trafficbetween Steelhead appliances. These techniques ensure efficientretransmission methods, such as TCP selective acknowledgements,are used, optimal TCP window sizes are used to minimize the impactof latency on throughput to maximize throughput across WAN links.

Transport Streamlining ensures that there is always a one-to-one ratiofor active TCP connections between Steelhead appliances, and theTCP connections to clients and servers. That is, Steelhead appliancesdo not tunnel or perform multiplexing and de-multiplexing of dataacross connections. This is true regardless of the WAN visibility modein use.

TerminologyConsider the following terminology when using Riverbedconfiguration settings:

◆ Adaptive Compression — Detects LZ data compressionperformance for a connection dynamically and turns it off (setsthe compression level to 0) momentarily if it is not achievingoptimal results. Improves end-to-end throughput over the LANby maximizing the WAN throughput. By default, this setting isdisabled.

◆ Adaptive Data Streamlining Mode SDR-M — RiOS uses aRiverbed proprietary algorithm called Scalable Data Referencing(SDR). SDR breaks up TCP data streams into unique data chunksthat are stored in the hard disk (data store) of the device runningRiOS. Each data chunk is assigned a unique integer label(reference) before it is sent to a peer RiOS device across the WAN.When the same byte sequence is seen again in futuretransmissions from clients or servers, the reference is sent acrossthe WAN instead of the raw data chunk. The peer RiOS deviceuses this reference to find the original data chunk on its datastore, and reconstruct the original TCP data stream. SDR-Mperforms data reduction entirely in memory, which prevents theSteelhead appliance from reading and writing to and from the

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disk. Enabling this option can yield high LAN-side throughputbecause it eliminates all disk latency. SDR-M is most efficientwhen used between two identical high-end Steelhead appliancemodels; for example, 6050 - 6050. When used between twodifferent Steelhead appliance models, the smaller model limitsthe performance.

IMPORTANT

You cannot use peer data store synchronization with SDR-M. Incode stream 5.0.x, this must be set from the CLI by running:"datastore anchor-select 1033" and then "restart clean."

◆ Compression Level — Specifies the relative trade-off of datacompression for LAN throughput speed. Generally, a lowernumber provides faster throughput and slightly less datareduction. Select a data store compression value of 1 (minimumcompression, uses less CPU) through 9 (maximum compression,uses more CPU) from the drop-down list. The default value is 1.Riverbed recommends setting the compression level to 1 inhigh-throughput environments such as data center to data centerreplication.

◆ Correct Addressing — Turns WAN visibility off. Correctaddressing uses Steelhead appliance IP addresses and portnumbers in the TCP/IP packet header fields for optimized trafficin both directions across the WAN. This is the default setting.Also see "WAN Visibility Mode" on page 37.

◆ Data Store Segment Replacement Policy — Specifies areplacement algorithm that replaces the least recently used datain the data store, which improves hit rates when the data in thedata store are not equally used. The default and recommendedsetting is Riverbed LRU.

◆ Guaranteed Bandwidth % — Specify the minimum amount ofbandwidth (as a percentage) to guarantee to a traffic class whenthere is bandwidth contention. All of the classes combined cannotexceed 100%. During contention for bandwidth the class isguaranteed the amount of bandwidth specified. The class receivesmore bandwidth if there is unused bandwidth remaining.

◆ In-Path Rule Type/Auto-Discover — Uses the auto-discoveryprocess to determine if a remote Steelhead appliance is able tooptimize the connection attempting to be created by this SYN

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packet. By default, auto-discover is applied to all IP addressesand ports that are not secure, interactive, or default Riverbedports. Defining in-path rules modifies this default setting.

◆ Multi-Core Balancing — Enables multi-core balancing whichensures better distribution of workload across all CPUs, therebymaximizing throughput by keeping all CPUs busy. Corebalancing is useful when handling a small number ofhigh-throughput connections (approximately 25 or less). Bydefault, this setting is disabled. In the 5.0.x code stream, thisneeds to be performed from the CLI by running: "datastoretraffic-load rule scraddr all scrport 0 dstaddr all dstport "1748"encode "med".

◆ Neural Framing Mode — Neural framing enables the system toselect the optimal packet framing boundaries for SDR. Neuralframing creates a set of heuristics to intelligently determine theoptimal moment to flush TCP buffers. The system continuouslyevaluates these heuristics and uses the optimal heuristic tomaximize the amount of buffered data transmitted in each flush,while minimizing the amount of idle time that the data sits in thebuffer.

For different types of traffic, one algorithm might be better thanothers. The considerations include: latency added to theconnection, compression, and SDR performance.

You can specify the following neural framing settings:

• Never — Never use the Nagle algorithm. All the data isimmediately encoded without waiting for timers to fire orapplication buffers to fill past a specified threshold. Neuralheuristics are computed in this mode but are not used.

• Always — Always use the Nagle algorithm. All data is passedto the codec which attempts to coalesce consume calls (ifneeded) to achieve better fingerprinting. A timer (6 ms) backsup the codec and causes leftover data to be consumed. Neuralheuristics are computed in this mode but are not used.

• TCP Hints — This is the default setting which is based on theTCP hints. If data is received from a partial frame packet or apacket with the TCP PUSH flag set, the encoder encodes thedata instead of immediately coalescing it. Neural heuristicsare computed in this mode but are not used.

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• Dynamic — Dynamically adjust the Nagle parameters. In thisoption, the system discerns the optimum algorithm for aparticular type of traffic and switches to the best algorithmbased on traffic characteristic changes.

◆ Optimization Policy — When configuring In-path Rules you havethe option of configuring the optimization policy. There aremultiple options that can be selected and it is recommended to setthis option to "Normal" for EMC replication protocols, such asSRDF/A. The configurable options are as follows:

• Normal — Perform LZ compression and SDR

• SDR-Only — Perform SDR; do not perform LZ compression

• Compression-Only — Perform LZ compression; do notperform SDR

• None — Do not perform SDR or LZ compression

◆ Queue - MXTCP — When creating QoS Classes you will need tospecify a queuing method. MXTCP has very different use casesthan the other queue parameters.

MXTCP also has secondary effects that you need to understandbefore configuring, including:

• When optimized traffic is mapped into a QoS class with theMXTCP queuing parameter, the TCP congestion controlmechanism for that traffic is altered on the Steelheadappliance. The normal TCP behavior of reducing theoutbound sending rate when detecting congestion or packetloss is disabled, and the outbound rate is made to match theminimum guaranteed bandwidth configured on the QoS class.

• You can use MXTCP to achieve high-throughput rates evenwhen the physical medium carrying the traffic has high lossrates. For example, MXTCP is commonly used for ensuringhigh throughput on satellite connections where alower-layer-loss recovery technique is not in use.

• Another usage of MXTCP is to achieve high throughput overhigh bandwidth, high-latency links, especially whenintermediate routers do not have properly tuned interfacebuffers. Improperly tuned router buffers cause TCP toperceive congestion in the network, resulting in unnecessarilydropped packets, even when the network can support highthroughput rates.

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IMPORTANT

Use caution when specifying MXTCP. The outbound rate forthe optimized traffic in the configured QoS class immediatelyincreases to the specified bandwidth, and does not decrease inthe presence of network congestion. The Steelhead appliancealways tries to transmit traffic at the specified rate.

If no QoS mechanism (either parent classes on the Steelheadappliance, or another QoS mechanism in the WAN or WANinfrastructure) is in use to protect other traffic, that other trafficmight be impacted by MXTCP not backing off to fairly sharebandwidth. When MXTCP is configured as the queueparameter for a QoS class, the following parameters for thatclass are also affected:

Link share weight — Prior to RiOS 8.0.x, the link share weightparameter has no effect on a QoS class configured withMXTCP. With RiOS 8.0.x and later, Adaptive MXTCP will allowthe link share weight settings to function for MXTCP QoSclasses.

Upper limit —Prior to RiOS 8.0.x, the upper limit parameterhas no effect on a QoS class configured with MXTCP. WithRiOS 8.0.x and later, Adaptive MXTCP will allow the upperlimit settings to function for MXTCP QoS classes.

◆ Reset Existing Client Connections on Start-Up — Enables kickoff.If you enable kickoff, connections that exist when the Steelheadservice is started and restarted are disconnected. When theconnections are retried they are optimized. If kickoff is enabled,all connections that existed before the Steelhead appliance startedare reset.

◆ WAN Visibility Mode/CA — Enables WAN visibility, whichpertains to how packets traversing the WAN are addressed. RiOSv5.0 or later offers three types of WAN visibility modes: correctaddressing, port transparency, and full address transparency. Youconfigure WAN visibility on the client-side Steelhead appliance(where the connection is initiated). The server-side Steelheadappliance must also support WAN visibility (RiOS v5.0 or later).Also, see Correct Addressing on page 34.

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NotesConsider the following when using Riverbed configuration settings:

◆ LAN Send and Receive Buffer Size should be configured to 2 MB

◆ WAN Send and Receive Buffer Size is environment dependentand should be configured with the result utilizing the followingformula:

WAN BW * RTT * 2 / 8 = xxxxxxx bytes

FeaturesFeatures include:

◆ SDR (Scalable Data Referencing)

◆ Compression

◆ QoS (Quality of Service)

◆ Data / Transport / Application / Management Streamlining

◆ Encryption - IPsec

Deployment topologiesDeployment topologies include:

◆ In-Path

• Physical In-Path

◆ Virtual In-Path

• WCCPv2 (Web Cache Coordination Protocol)

• PBR (Policy-Based-Routing)

◆ Out-of-Path

• Proxy

◆ Steelhead DX 8000, Steelhead CX 7055/5055/1555 and Steelhead7050/6050/5050 appliances also support 10 GbE Fibre ports

◆ The virtual steelheads are supported when deployed onVMWARE ESX or ESXi servers. The virtual appliances can onlybe deployed in out-of-path configurations.

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Failure modes supportedThe following failure modes are supported:

◆ Fail-to-wire

◆ Fail-to-block

FCIP environmentThe following Riverbed configuration settings are recommended in aFCIP environment:

◆ Configure > Networking > QoS Classification:

• QoS Classification and Enforcement = Enabled

• QoS Mode = Flat

• QoS Network Interface with WAN throughput = Enabled forappropriate WAN interface and set available WAN Bandwidth

• QoS Class Latency Priority = Real Time

• QoS Class Guaranteed Bandwidth % = Environmentdependent

• QoS Class Link Share Weight = Environment dependent

• QoS Class Upper Bandwidth % = Environment dependent

• Queue = MXTCP

• QoS Rule Protocol = All

• QoS Rule Traffic Type = Optimized

• DSCP = All

• VLAN = All

◆ Configure > Optimization > General Service Settings:

• In-Path Support = Enabled

• Reset Existing Client Connections on Start-Up = Enabled

• Enable In-Path Optimizations on Interface In-Path_X_X forappropriate In-Path interface

• In RiOS v5.5.3 CLI or later: “datastore codec multi-codecencoder max-ackqlen 30"

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "datastore codec multi-codec encoderglobal-txn-max 128"

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "datastore sdr-policy sdr-m"

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• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: " datastore codec multi-core-bal"

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "datastore codec compression level 1"

◆ Configure > Optimization > In-Path Rules:

• Type = Auto Discovery

• Preoptimization Policy = None

• Optimization Policy = Normal

• Latency Optimization Policy = Normal

• Neural Framing Mode = Never

• WAN Visibility = Correct Addressing

• In RiOS v5.5.3 CLI or later for FCIP: “in-path always-probeenable”

• In RiOS v5.5.3 CLI or later for FCIP: “in-path always-probeport 3225”

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "in-path always-probe port 0"

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "tcp adv-win-scale -1"

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "in-path kickoff-resume"

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "protocol FCIP enable" for FCIP

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "protocol srdf enable " for SymmetrixDMX and VMAX

Or, in RiOS v 6.1.1.a or later, you can use the GUI as follows:

– Configure > Optimization > FCIP

- FCIP Settings- Enable FCIP- FCIP Ports: 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "protocol fcip rule scr-ip 0.0.0.0 dst-ip0.0.0.0 dif enable" for EMC Symmetrix VMAX™

Or, in RiOS v 6.1.1.a or later, you can use the GUI as follows:

– Rules > Add a New Rule

- Enable DIF if R1 and R2 are VMAX and hosts are OpenSystems or IBM iSeries (AS/400)

- DIF Data Block Size: 512 bytes (Open Systems) and 520Bytes (IBM iSeries, AS/400)

- No DIF setting is required if mainframe hosts are in use

• In RiOS v6.0.1i or later: "sport splice-policy outer-rst-port port3226" for Brocade FCIP only

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◆ Configure > Optimization > Performance:

• High Speed TCP = Enabled

• LAN Send Buffer Size = 2097152

• LAN Receive Buffer Size = 2097152

• WAN Default Send Buffer Size = 2*BDP (BW * RTT * 2 / 8 =xxxxxxx bytes)

Note: BDP = Bandwidth delay product.

• WAN Default Rcv Buffer Size = 2*BDP (BW * RTT * 2 / 8 =xxxxxxx bytes)

• Data Store Segment Replacement Policy = Riverbed LRU

• Adaptive Data Streamlining Modes = SDR-Default

Note: Latest appliances that use SSD-based data store will achievehigh throughput with standard SDR(SDR-Default). For legacy-baseddata store appliances, use SDR-M.

• Compression Level = 1

• Adaptive Compression = Disabled

• Multi-Core Balancing = Enabled

Note: Multi-Core Balancing should be disabled if there are 16 orgreater data-bearing connections (i.e., exclusive of controlconnections, such as those commonly established by FCIP gateways).

Note: Maximum latency (round-trip time) and packet drop supported onCisco FCIP links are 100 ms round trip and 0.5% packet drop. The limit is thesame regardless whether latency and packet drop conditions exist together oronly one of them exists. This limitation only applies to the baseline (withoutWAN OPT appliances). With WAN OPT appliances and properconfigurations, RTT and packet loss can be extended beyond that limitation.Up to 200 ms round trip and 1% packet drop were qualified by EMC E-Lab.

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GigE environmentThe following are Riverbed configuration settings recommended in aGigE environment:

In RiOS v6.1.1a or later, Steelheads will be able to automaticallydetect and disable the Symmetrix VMAX and DMX compression bydefault. Use show log from the Steelhead to verify that compressionon the VMAX/DMX has been disabled. The "Native Symmetrix REport compression detected: auto-disabling" message will display onlyon the Steelhead adjacent to the Symmetrix (either the local or remoteside) that initiates the connection.

With Riverbed firmware v6.1.3a and above, the SRDF SelectiveOptimization feature is supported for SRDF group level optimizationfor end-to-end GigE environments with VMAX which have EMCEnginuity v5875 and later. Refer to the Riverbed Steelhead Deploymentand CLI Guide for further instructions.

◆ Configure > Networking > Outbound QoS (Advanced):

• QoS Classification and Enforcement = Enabled• QoS Mode = Flat or hierarchical

QoS classes are configured in one of two different modes: flator hierarchical. The difference between the two modesprimarily consists of how QoS classes are created. In RiOS v8.0or later, the Hierarchical mode is recommended.

• QoS Network Interface with WAN throughput = Enabled forappropriate WAN interfaces and set to available WANBandwidth

• QoS Class Latency Priority = Real Time• QoS Class Guaranteed Bandwidth % = Environment

dependent• QoS Class Link Share Weight = Environment dependent• QoS Class Upper Bandwidth % = Environment dependent• Queue = MXTCP• QoS Rule Protocol = All• QoS Rule Traffic Type = Optimized• DSCP = Reflect

◆ Configure > Optimization > General Service Settings:

• In-Path Support = Enabled• Reset Existing Client Connections on Start-Up = Enabled• Enable In-Path Optimizations on Interface In-Path_X_X

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• In RiOS v5.5.3 CLI and later: “datastore codec multi-codecencoder max-ackqlen 30

• In RiOS v6.0.1a CLI or later: "datastore codec multi-codecencoder global-txn-max 128"

◆ Configure > Optimization > In-Path Rules:

• Type = Auto Discovery• Preoptimization Policy = None• Optimization Policy = Normal• Latency Optimization Policy = Normal• Cloud Acceleration = Auto• Neural Framing Mode = Never• WAN Visibility =Correct Addressing• Auto Kickoff = Enabled• In RiOS v5.5.3 CLI or later for GigE: “in-path always-probe

enable”• In RiOS v5.5.3 CLI or later for GigE: “in-path always-probe

port 1748”• In RiOS v5.0.5-DR CLI or later for GigE: “in-path asyn-srdf

always-probe enable”• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "in-path always-probe port 0"• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "tcp adv-win-scale -1"• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "protocol srdf enable " for Symmetrix

DMX and VMAXOr, in RiOS v 6.1.1.a or later, you can use the GUI as follows:– Configure > Optimization > SRDF

– SRDF Settings– Enable SRDF– SRDF Ports: 1748

• In RiOS v6.0.1a or later: "protocol srdf rule src-ip 0.0.0.0 dst-ip0.0.0.0 dif enable” for Symmetrix VMAXOr, in RiOS v6.1.1.a or later, you can use the GUI as follows:– Rules > Add a New Rule

– Enable DIF if R1 and R2 are VMAX and hosts are OpenSystems or IBM iSeries (AS/400)

– DIF Data Block Size: 512 bytes (Open Systems) and 520Bytes (IBM iSeries, AS/400)

◆ Configure > Optimization > Transport Settings:

• Transport Optimization = Standard TCP• LAN Send Buffer Size = 2097152• WAN Default Send Buffer Size = 2*BDP (BW * RTT * 2 / 8 =

xxxxxxx bytes)

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◆ Configure > Optimization > Performance

• WAN Default Rcv Buffer Size = 2*BDP (BW * RTT * 2 / 8 =xxxxxxx bytes)

• Data Store Segment Replacement Policy = Riverbed LRU• Adaptive Data Streamlining Modes = SDR-Default

Note: Latest appliances that use SSD-based data store will achievehigh throughput with standard SDR(SDR-Default). For legacy-baseddata store appliances, use SDR-M.

• Compression Level = 1• Adaptive Compression = Disabled• Multi-Core Balancing = Enabled

Note: Multi-Core Balancing should be disabled if there are 16 orgreater data-bearing connections (i.e., exclusive of controlconnections, such as those commonly established by FCIP gateways).

ReferencesFor more information about the Riverbed Steelhead WANOptimization Controller and the Riverbed system, refer to Riverbed'swebsite at http://www.riverbed.com.

◆ Steelhead Appliance Deployment Guide

◆ Steelhead Appliance Installation and Configuration Guide

◆ Riverbed Command-Line Interface Reference Manual

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Riverbed SteelFusion solutionThis section provides the following information on the RiverbedSteelFusion solution.

◆ “Overview” on page 45

◆ “Features” on page 47

◆ “Configuring SteelFusion Core High Availability” on page 49

◆ “Deployment topologies” on page 52

◆ “Configuring iSCSI settings on EMC storage” on page 53

◆ “Configuring iSCSI initiator on SteelFusion Core” on page 54

◆ “Configuring iSCSI portal” on page 55

◆ “Configuring LUNs” on page 58

◆ “Configuring local LUNs” on page 60

◆ “Adding SteelFusion Edge appliances” on page 61

◆ “Configuring CHAP users” on page 62

◆ “Confirming connection to the SteelFusion Edge appliance” onpage 63

◆ “References” on page 64

OverviewRiverbed SteelFusion is a block storage optimization andconsolidation system. It consolidates all storage at the data center andcreates diskless branches. SteelFusion is designed to enable edgeserver systems to efficiently access storage arrays over the WAN as ifthey were locally attached.

The SteelFusion solution is deployed in conjunction with Steelheadappliances and consists of two components:

◆ SteelFusion Core — A physical or virtual appliance in the datacenter, and it mounts all the LUNs that need to be made availableto applications and servers at a remote location from the back-endstorage array. SteelFusion Core appliances makes those LUNsavailable across the WAN in the branch via the SteelFusion Edgemodule on a Steelhead EX or standalone SteelFusion Edgeappliance.

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◆ SteelFusion Edge — A module that runs on a Steelhead EXappliance in the branch office, it presents storage LUNs projectedfrom the data center as local LUNs to applications and servers onthe local branch network and operates as a block cache to ensurelocal performance.

The SteelFusion Edge appliance also connects to the blockstore, apersistent local cache of storage blocks. When the edge serverrequests blocks, those blocks are served locally from theblockstore (unless they are not present, in which case they arerequested from the data center LUN). Similarly, newly writtenblocks are spooled to the local cache, acknowledged to the edgeserver, and then asynchronously propagated to the data center.Because each SteelFusion Edge appliance implementation islinked to a dedicated LUN at the data center, the blockstore isauthoritative for both reads and writes, and can tolerate WANoutages without worrying about cache coherency.

Blocks are communicated between SteelFusion Edge appliance andSteelFusion Core and the data center LUN via an internal protocol.(Optionally, this traffic can be further optimized by Steelheads forimproved performance.)

◆ For SCSI writes — SteelFusion Edge acknowledges all writeslocally to ensure high-speed ("local") write performance.SteelFusion maintains a write block journal and preservesblock-write order to keep data consistent in case of a powerfailure or WAN outages.

◆ For SCSI reads — The SteelFusion Edge cache is warmed withactive data blocks delivered by SteelFusion Core in the datacenter, which performs predictive prefetch to ensure requireddata is quickly delivered. Alternatively, a LUN can be "pinned" tothe edge cache and prepopulated with all data from a data centerLUN.

SteelFusion initially populates the blockstore in several possibleways:

◆ Reactive prefetch — The system observes block requests, appliesheuristics based on these observations to intelligently predict theblocks most likely to be requested in the near future, and thenrequests those blocks from the data center LUN in advance.

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◆ Policy-based prefetch — Configured policies identify the set ofblocks that are likely to be requested at a given edge site inadvance, and then requests those blocks from the data centerLUN in advance.

◆ First request — Blocks are added to the blockstore when firstrequested. Because the first request is cold, it is subject tostandard WAN latency.

Figure 7 shows an example of a multi-site SteelFusion deployment.

Figure 7 Riverbed SteelFusion example

FeaturesThis section briefly describes Riverbed SteelFusion features.

SteelFusion Predictionand Prefetch

To deliver high-performance when accessing block-storage over theWAN, SteelFusion brings file system awareness to the block layer.File system awareness enables intelligent block prefetch that

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addresses both high latency and the inherently random nature of I/Oat the block layer, accelerating block storage access across distance.SteelFusion Core performs block-level prefetch from the back endstorage array and actively pushes blocks to the SteelFusion Edge tokeep its cache warm with a working set of data. To accomplish thisprefetch, SteelFusion first establishes file system context at the blocklayer. For Windows servers (physical or virtual) for instance,SteelFusion Core traverses the NTFS Master File Table (MFT) to builda two-way map of the file system - blocks to files, and files to blocks.This map is used to determine what to prefetch. By intelligentlyinspecting block access requests from the application/host filesystem iSCSI initiator, SteelFusion algorithms predict the next logicalfile system block or a cluster of blocks to prefetch. This processprovides seamless access to data center LUNs and ensures thatoperations like file access and large directory browsing areaccelerated across a WAN.

SteelFusion EdgeBlockstore cache

To eliminate latency introduced by the WAN, the SteelFusionappliance in the branch presents a write-back block cache, called theblockstore. Block writes by applications and hosts at the edge areacknowledged locally by the blockstore and then asynchronouslyflushed back to the data center. This enables application and filesystem initiator hosts in the branch to make forward progresswithout being impacted by WAN latency. As blocks are received,written to disk and acknowledged, the written blocks are alsojournaled in write order to a log. This log file is used to maintain theblock-write order to ensure data consistency in case of a crash orWAN outage. When the connection is restored, SteelFusion Edgeplays the blocks in logged write-order to SteelFusion Core, whichcommits the blocks to the physical LUN on the back-end storagearray. The combination of block journaling and write-orderpreservation enables SteelFusion Edge to continue serving writefunctions in the branch during a WAN disconnection.

LUN pinning A storage LUN provisioned via SteelFusion can be deployed in twodifferent modes, pinned and unpinned. Pinned mode caches 100% ofthe data blocks on the Steelhead EX appliance at the branch. Thisensures that the contents of specified storage LUNs are maintained atthe edge to support business operations in the event of a WANoutage. Unpinned mode maintains only a working set of the mostfrequently accessed blocks at the branch.

Disconnectedoperations

In some cases, the WAN connection may suffer an outage or may beunpredictable. That means that branch-resident applications might

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behave unpredictably in the case of a block cache miss which cannotbe serviced from the data center LUN due to the WAN outage. Forsuch cases, SteelFusion LUN pinning is recommended. This willensure that the contents of an entire LUN are prefetched from thedata center and prepopulated at the edge to ensure a 100% hit rate onSteelFusion Edge. In LUN-pinning mode, no reads are sent across thewire to the data center, although dirty blocks(changed/newly-written blocks) are preserved in a persistent log andflushed to the data center when WAN connectivity is restored,ensuring consolidation and protection of newly created data. Theresult is high performance for applications during a WAN outage,while extending continuous data protection for the edge.

Boot over the WAN VMware vSphere virtual server technology combined withSteelFusion now makes it possible to boot over the WAN to provideinstant provisioning and fast recovery capabilities for edge locations.A bootable LUN in the data center is mapped to a host in a branchoffice. The host can either be a separate ESXi server or the SteelheadEX embedded VSP. SteelFusion Core detects the LUN as a VMFS filesystem with an embedded NTFS file system virtual machineworkload and upon further inspection learns the block sequence ofboth.

Once the boot process on the branch host starts, blocks for theWindows file server virtual machine are requested from across theWAN. SteelFusion Core recognizes these requests and prefetches allof the required block clusters from the data center provisioned LUNand pushes them to the SteelFusion Edge appliance at the branch,ensuring local performance for the boot operation.

Configuring SteelFusion Core High AvailabilityYou can configure high availability between two SteelFusion Coreappliances using the Management Console of either appliance.

When in a failover relationship, both appliances operateindependently, rather than either one being in standby mode. Wheneither appliance fails, the failover peer manages the traffic of bothappliances.

If you configure the current SteelFusion Core appliance for failoverwith another appliance, all storage configuration and storage reportpages include an additional feature that enables you to access andmodify settings for both the current appliance and the failover peer.

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This feature appears below the page title and includes the text"Device failover is enabled. You are currently viewing configurationand reports for...." You can then select either Self (the currentappliance) or Peer from the drop-down list.

Figure 8 shows a sample storage configuration page with the featureenabled.

Figure 8 Sample storage configuration pages

You can configure two appliances for failover in the FailoverConfiguration page.

Note: For failover, Riverbed recommends connecting both failover peersdirectly with cables via two interfaces. If direct connection is not an option,Riverbed recommends that each failover connection use a different localinterface and reach its peer IP address via a completely separate route.

To configure a peer appliance, complete the following steps:

1. Log in to the Management Console of one of the appliances to beconfigured for high availability.

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2. Choose Configure > Failover Configuration to display theFailover Configuration page.

3. Enter the peer IP address in the Peer IP field.

4. Specify the failover peer using the controls described in thefollowing table.

After failover has been configured, you can access configurationsettings for both appliances from either appliance.

Component Description

Peer IP Address Specify the IP address of the peer appliance.

Local Interface Optionally, specify a local interface over which theheartbeat is monitored.

Second Peer IP Address Specify a second IP address of the peer appliance.

Second Local Interface Optionally, specify a second local interface over whichthe heartbeat is monitored.

Enable Failover Enables the new failover configuration.

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Deployment topologiesFigure 9 illustrates a generic SteelFusion deployment.

Figure 9 SteelFusion deployment example

The basic system components are:

◆ Microsoft Windows Branch Server — The branch-side server thataccesses data from the SteelFusion system instead of a localstorage device.

◆ Blockstore — The blockstore is a persistent local cache of storageblocks. Because each SteelFusion Edge appliance is linked to adedicated LUN at the data center, the blockstore is generallyauthoritative for both reads and writes.

In the above diagram, the blockstore on the branch side issynchronized with LUN1 at the data center.

◆ iSCSI Initiator — The iSCSI initiator is the branch-side client thatsends SCSI commands to the iSCSI target at the data center.

◆ SteelFusion-enabled Steelhead EX appliance — Also referred to asa SteelFusion Edge appliance, the branchside component of theSteelFusion system links the edge server to the blockstore andlinks the blockstore to the iSCSI target and LUN at the data center.The Steelhead provides general optimization services.

◆ Data Center Steelhead appliance — The data center-sideSteelhead peer for general optimization.

◆ SteelFusion Core — The data center component of the SteelFusionsystem. SteelFusion Core manages block transfers between theLUN and the SteelFusion Edge appliance.

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◆ iSCSI Target — The data center-side server that communicateswith the branch-side iSCSI initiator.

◆ LUNs — Each SteelFusion Edge appliance requires a dedicatedLUN in the data center storage configuration.

Configuring iSCSI settings on EMC storageFor instructions on how to configure iSCSI, refer to the iSCSI SANTopologies TechBook, available on the E-Lab Interoperability Navigator,Topology Resource Center tab, at http://elabnavigator.EMC.com.The Use Case Scenarios chapter describes the steps to configure iSCSIstorage on the EMC VNX and VMAX arrays. Follow the steps for aLinux iSCSI host.

After the arrays are configured, the SteelFusion Cores are configuredusing the steps described next in “Configuring iSCSI initiator onSteelFusion Core” on page 54.

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Configuring iSCSI initiator on SteelFusion CoreTo configure the iSCSI initiator, complete the following steps:

1. Choose Configure > Storage > iSCSI Configuration to displaythe iSCSI Configuration page.

2. Under iSCSI Initiator Configuration, configure authenticationusing the controls described in the following table.

Control Description

Initiator Name Specify the name of the initiator to be configured.

Enable Header Digest Includes the header digest data in the iSCSI PDU.

Enable Data Digest Includes the data digest data in the iSCSI PDU.

Enable Mutual CHAPAuthentication

Enables CHAP (Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol)authentication.If you select this option, an additional setting appears for specifyingthe mutual CHAP user. You can either select an existing user fromthe drop-down list or create a new CHAP user definition dynamically.Note: CHAP authenticates a user or network host to anauthenticating entity. CHAP provides protection against playbackattack by the peer through the use of an incrementally changingidentifier and a variable challenge value.

Apply Applies the changes to the running configuration.

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Configuring iSCSI portalTo configure an iSCSI portal, complete the following steps:

1. Choose Configure > Storage > iSCSI Configuration to displaythe iSCSI Configuration page.

2. Under iSCSI Portal Configuration, add or modify iSCSI portalconfigurations using the controls described in the following table.

Control Description

Add an iSCSI Portal Displays controls for configuring and adding a newiSCSI portal.

IP Address Specify the IP address of the iSCSI portal.

Port Specify the port number of the iSCSI portal. Thedefault is 3260.

Authentication Select an authentication method (None or CHAP) fromthe drop-down list.Note: If you select CHAP, an additional field displays inwhich you can specify (or create) the CHAP username.

Add iSCSI Portal Adds the defined iSCSI portal to the runningconfiguration.

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3. To view or modify portal settings, click the portal IP address inthe list to access the following set of controls.

4. To add a target to the newly configured portal:

a. Click the portal IP address in the list to expand the set ofcontrols.

Control Description

Portal Settings Specify the following:• Port - The port setting for the selected iSCSI portal.• Authentication - Specify either None or CHAP from the

drop-down list.• Update iSCSI Portals - Updates the portal settings

configuration.

Offline LUNs Click Offline LUNs to take offline all LUNs serviced bythis selected iSCSI portal.

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b. Under Targets, add a target for the portal using the controlsdescribed in the following table.

5. To modify an existing target configuration:

a. Click the portal IP address in the list to expand the set ofcontrols.

Control Description

Add a Target Displays controls for adding a target.

Target Name Enter the target name or choose from available targets.Note: This field also enables you to rescan for availabletargets.

Port Specify the port number of the target.

Snapshot Configuration From the drop-down list, select an existing snapshotconfiguration.If the desired snapshot configuration does not appear onthe list, you can add a new one by clicking Add NewSnapshot Configuration. You will be prompted tospecify the following:• Host Name or IP Address - Specify the IP address or

hostname of the storage array.• Type - Select the type from the drop-down list.• Username - Specify the username.• Password/Confirm Password - Specify a password.

Retype the password in the Password Confirm textfield.

• Protocol - Specify either HTTP or HTTPS.• Port - Specify the HTTP or HTTPS port number.

Note: Note: The Protocol and Port fields are onlyactivated if NetApp is selected as Type.

Add Target Adds the newly defined target to the current iSCSI portalconfiguration.

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b. Under Targets, click the target name in the Targets table toexpand the target settings using the controls described in thefollowing table.

Configuring LUNsTo configure an iSCSI LUN, complete the following steps.

1. Choose Configure > Storage > LUNs to display the LUNs page.

Control Description

Target Settings Open this tab to modify the port and snapshotconfiguration settings.Optionally, you can add a new snapshot configurationdynamically by clicking the Add New SnapshotConfiguration link adjacent to the setting field.

Offline LUNs Open this tab to access the Offline LUNs button.Clicking this button takes offline all configured LUNsserviced by the current target.

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2. Configure the LUN using the controls described in the followingtable.

3. To modify an existing iSCSI LUN configuration, click the name inthe LUN list to display additional controls.

Control Description

Add an iSCSI LUN Displays controls for adding an iSCSI LUN to the currentconfiguration.

LUN Serial Number Select from the drop-down list of discovered LUNs.The LUNs listed are shown using the following format: serialnumber (portal/target).Note: If the desired LUN does not appear, scroll to the bottomof the list and select Rescan background storage for new LUNs.

LUN Alias Specify an alias for the LUN.

Add iSCSI LUN Adds the new LUN to the running configuration.

Control Description

Details Displays online or offline status.• Click Offline to take the LUN offline.• Click Online to bring the LUN online.Additionally, displays the following information aboutthe LUN:• Connection status• Locally Assigned LUN Serial• Origin LUN Serial• Origin Portal• Origin Target• Size (in MB)

Alias Displays the LUN alias. Optionally, you can modifythe value and click Update Alias.

Edge Mapping Displays the SteelFusion Edge appliance to whichthe LUN is mapped.To unmap, click Unmap.

Failover Displays whether the LUN is configured for failover:To enable or disable, click Disable or Enable.

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Configuring local LUNsTo configure an iSCSI LUN, complete the following steps.

1. Choose Configure > Storage > LUNs to display the LUNs page.

2. Configure the LUN using the controls described in the followingtable.

MPIO Displays multipath information for the LUN.Additionally, the MPIO policy can be changed fromround-robin (default) to fixed-path.

Snapshots Displays the snapshot configurations for the selectediSCSI LUN.Additionally, controls link to the settings for modifyingand updating snapshots.

Pin/Prepop Displays the pin status (Pinned or Unpinned) andprovides controls for changing the status.When a LUN is pinned, the data is reserved and notsubject to the normal blockstore eviction policies.This tab also contains controls for enabling ordisabling the prepopulation service and forconfiguring a prepopulation schedule.Note: You can create a prepopulation schedule onlywhen the pin status is set and updated to pinned.

Control Description

Control Description

Add a Local LUN Displays controls for adding a local LUN to the currentconfiguration. Local LUNs consist of storage on theSteelFusion Edge only, there is no corresponding LUN onthe SteelFusion Core.

SteelFusion Edge Select a LUN from the drop-down list. This list displaysconfigured SteelFusion Edge appliance.

Size Specify the LUN size, in MB.

Alias Specify the alias for the LUN.

Add a Local LUN Adds the new LUN to the running configuration.

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3. To modify an existing local LUN configuration, click the name inthe LUN list to display additional controls.

Adding SteelFusion Edge appliancesTo add or modify SteelFusion Edge appliances

1. Choose Configure > Storage > SteelFusion Edges to display theSteelFusion Edges page.

Control Description

LUN Status Displays online or offline status.• Click Offline to take the LUN offline.• Click Online to bring the LUN online.

LUN Details Displays the following information about the LUN:• VE assigned serial number• SteelFusion Edge appliance• Target

LUN Alias Displays the LUN alias, if applicable. Optionally, modify thevalue and click Update Alias.

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2. Configure the SteelFusion Edge using the controls described inthe following table.

3. To remove an existing SteelFusion Edge configuration, click thetrash icon in the Remove column.

Configuring CHAP usersYou can configure CHAP users in the CHAP Users page.

Note: You can also configure CHAP users dynamically in the iSCSIConfiguration page.

To configure CHAP users, complete the following steps.

1. Choose Configure > Storage > CHAP Users to display the CHAPUsers page.

Control Description

Add a SteelFusionEdge

Displays controls for adding a SteelFusion Edge applianceto the current configuration.

SteelFusion EdgeIdentifier

Specify the identifier for the SteelFusion Edge appliance.This value must match the same value configured on theSteelFusion Edge appliance.Note: SteelFusion Edge identifiers is case-sensitive.

Blockstore encryption Changes the encryption used when writing data to theblockstore.

Add SteelFusion Edge Adds the new SteelFusion Edge appliance to the runningconfiguration. The newly added appliance appears in the list.

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2. Add new CHAP users using the controls described in thefollowing table.

3. To modify an existing CHAP user configuration, click theusername in the User table to expand a set of additional controls.

New CHAP users are enabled by default.

4. To disable a CHAP user:

a. Click the username to expand the set of additional controls.

b. Clear the Enable check box.

c. Click Update CHAP User.

5. To change the user password, enter and confirm the newpassword and click Update CHAP user.

6. To remove an existing CHAP user configuration, click the trashicon in the Delete column.

7. Click Save to save your settings permanently.

Confirming connection to the SteelFusion Edge applianceThis section describes how to confirm that the SteelFusion Edgeappliance is communicating with the newly configured SteelFusionCore appliance.

To confirm connection, complete the following steps:

1. Log in to the Management Console of the SteelFusion Edgeappliance.

2. Choose Configure > SteelFusion > SteelFusion Storage to go tothe SteelFusion Storage page.

Control Description

Add a CHAP User Displays controls for adding a new CHAP user to the runningconfiguration.

Username Specify a CHAP username.

Password/ConfirmPassword

Specify and confirm a password for the new CHAP user.

Add CHAP User Adds the new CHAP user to the running configuration.

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If the connection was successful, the page displays connection detailsincluding the iSCSI target configuration and LUN information.

ReferencesFor more information, refer to Riverbed's website athttp://www.riverbed.com.

◆ SteelFusion Core Deployment Guide

◆ SteelFusion Core Installation and Configuration Guide

◆ Riverbed Branch Office Infrastructure for EMC Storage Systems(Reference Architecture)

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Silver Peak appliancesThis section provides information on the Silver Peak appliancesoptimization controller. The following topics are discussed:

◆ “Overview” on page 65

◆ “Terminology” on page 66

◆ “Features” on page 68

◆ “Deployment topologies” on page 69

◆ “Failure modes supported” on page 69

◆ “FCIP environment” on page 69

◆ “GigE environment” on page 70

◆ “References” on page 71

OverviewSilver Peak appliances are interconnected by tunnels, which transportoptimized traffic flows. Policies control how the appliance filtersLAN side packets into flows and whether:

◆ an individual flow is directed to a tunnel, shaped, and optimized;

◆ processed as shaped, pass-through (unoptimized) traffic;

◆ processed as unshaped, pass-through (unoptimized) traffic;

◆ continued to the next applicable Route Policy entry if a tunnelgoes down; or

◆ dropped.

The appliance manager has separate policies for routing,optimization, and QoS functions. These policies prescribe how theappliance handles the LAN packets it receives.

The optimization policy uses optimization techniques to improve theperformance of applications across the WAN. Optimization policyactions include network memory, payload compression, and TCPacceleration.

Silver Peak ensures network integrity by using QoS management,Forward Error Correction, and Packet Order Correction. WhenAdaptive Forward Error Correction (FEC) is enabled, the applianceintroduces a parity packet, which helps detect and correct

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single-packet loss within a stream of packets, reducing the need forretransmissions. Silver Peak can dynamically adjust how often thisparity packet is introduced in response to changing link conditions.This can help maximize error correction while minimizing overhead.

To avoid retransmissions that occur when packets arrive out of order,Silver Peak appliances use Packet Order Correction (POC) toresequence packets on the far end of a WAN link, as needed.

TerminologyConsider the following terminology when using Silver Peakconfiguration settings:

◆ Coalescing ON — Enables/disables packet coalescing. Packetcoalescing transmits smaller packets in groups of larger packets,thereby increasing performance and helping to overcome theeffects of latency.

◆ Coalesce Wait — Timer (in milliseconds) used to determine theamount of time to wait before transmitting coalesced packets.

◆ Compression — Reduces the bandwidth consumed by traffictraversing the WAN. Payload compression is used in conjunctionwith network memory to provide compression on "first pass"data.

◆ Congestion Control — Techniques used by Silver Peak to managecongestion scenarios across a WAN. Configuration options arestandard, optimized, and auto. Standard uses standard TCPcongestion control. Optimized congestion control is the mostaggressive mode of congestion control and should only be used inenvironments with point-to-point connections for a dedicated tosingle application. Auto congestion control aims to improvethroughput over standard congestion control, but may not besuitable for all environments.

◆ FEC / FEC Ratio — Technique used by Silver Peak to recoverfrom packet loss without the need for packet retransmissions.Hence, loss is corrected on the Silver Peak appliance resulting inhigher throughout during the data transmission.

◆ IP Header Compression — Enables/disables compression of theIP header in order to reduce the packet size. Header compressioncan provide additional bandwidth gains by reducing packetheader information using specialized compression algorithms.

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◆ Mode — Refers to the Silver Peak tunnel configuration. Thedefault setting is GRE. Alternative option is UDP.

◆ MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) — The size, in bytes, of thelargest PDU that a given layer of a communications protocol canpass onwards.

◆ Network Memory — Silver Peak's implementation of real-timedata reduction of network traffic. This de-duplication technologyis used to inspect all inbound and outbound WAN traffic, storinga local instance of data on each appliance. The NX Seriesappliance compares real-time traffic streams with to patternsstored using Network Memory. If a match exists, a short referencepointer is sent to the remote Silver Peak appliance, instructing itto deliver the traffic pattern from its local instance. Repetitivedata is never sent across the WAN. If the content is modified, theSilver Peak appliance detects the change at the byte level andupdates the network's memory. Only the modifications are sentacross the WAN. These are combined with original content by NXSeries appliances at the destination location.

Currently, it is recommended to enable network memory and setthe network memory mode to 1. Mode 1 is referred to as "lowlatency mode" and enables network memory to better balancedata reduction versus high throughput. While network memorycan be enabled from the GUI, configuring it for mode 1 must beperformed through the CLI.

◆ Payload Compression — Uses algorithms to identify relativelyshort byte sequences that are repeated frequently over time.These sequences are then replaced with shorter segments of codeto reduce the size of transmitted data. Simple algorithms can findrepeated bytes within a single packet; more sophisticatedalgorithms can find duplication across packets and even acrossflows.

◆ Reorder Wait — Time (in milliseconds) that the Silver Peakappliances will wait to reorder packets. This is a dynamic valuethat will change based on line conditions. Recommendation is toleave this as the default for SRDF traffic.

◆ RTP Header Compression — Used to compress the size of theRTP protocol packet header used in Voice over IPcommunications. Header compression can provide additionalbandwidth gains by reducing packet header information usingspecialized compression algorithms.

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◆ TCP Acceleration — References several techniques used by SilverPeak to accelerate the TCP protocol. TCP acceleration usestechniques such as selective acknowledgement, window scaling,and transaction size adjustment to compensate for poorperformance on high latency links.

◆ Tunnel Auto Max BW — Allows the Silver Peak to automaticallydetermine the maximum bandwidth available. Recommendationis to disable this in SRDF environments.

◆ Tunnel Max BW — For manually configuring the maximumbandwidth accessible to the Silver Peak. This is recommended inSRDF environments where bandwidth values are known. This isa static configuration.

◆ Tunnel Min BW — For manually configuring the maximumbandwidth accessible to the Silver Peak. This does not need to beset for proper operation. This is a static configuration. A value of32kbps is recommended, which is the default.

◆ WAN Bandwidth — Applies to the WAN side of the applianceand should be set to the amount of bandwidth to be madeavailable to the appliance on the WAN side. Inputting a valuealso configures the tunnel max bandwidth configuration variable.

◆ Windows Scaling — Used to overcome the effects of latency onsingle-flow throughput in a TCP network. The window-scalefactor multiplies the standard TCP window of 64 KB by 2 to thepower of the window-scale. Default window-scale is 6.

FeaturesFeatures include:

◆ Compression (payload and header)

◆ Network memory (data-deduplication)

◆ TCP acceleration

◆ QoS (Quality of Service)

◆ FEC (Forward Error Correction)

◆ POC (Packet Order Correction)

◆ Encryption - IPsec

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Page 69: WAN Optimization Controller Technologies TechBook · 2020. 8. 21. · Title: WAN Optimization Controller Technologies TechBook Author: EMC E-Lab Subject: WAN Optimization Controller

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Deployment topologiesDeployment topologies include:

◆ In-line (bridge mode)

• In-line

◆ Out-of-path (router)

• Out-of-path with Policy-Based-Routing (PBR) redirection

• Out-of-path with Web Cache Coordination Protocol(WCCPv2)

• Out-of-path with VRRP peering to WAN router

• Out-of-path with Policy-Based-Routing (PBR) and VRRPredundant Silver Peak appliances

• Out-of-path with Web Cache Coordination Protocol (WCCP)redundant Silver Peak appliances

◆ The Silver Peak appliances can only be deployed in out-of-path(Router) mode when using 10 Gb Ethernet Fibre data ports asoptical interfaces to do not fail to wire

◆ The Silver Peak NX-8700, NX-9700, and NX-10000 appliancessupport 10 Gb Ethernet Fibre data ports

◆ The SilverPeak VX (virtual appliances) and the Silver Peak VRX(virtual appliances) are supported when deployed on theVMWARE ESX or ESXi servers. The virtual appliances can onlybe deployed in out-of-path configurations.

Failure modes supportedThe following failure modes are supported:

• Fail-to-wire

• Fail-open

FCIP environmentThe following Silver Peak configuration settings are recommended inan FCIP environment:

◆ WAN Bandwidth = (Environment dependent)

◆ Tunnel Auto Max BW = Disabled (Unchecked)

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◆ Tunnel Max BW = in Kb/s (Environment dependent)

◆ Tunnel Min BW = 32 Kb/s

◆ Reorder Wait = 100 ms

◆ MTU = 1500 (For 3.1 code and higher, maximum MTU = 2500)

◆ Mode = GRE

◆ Network Memory = Enabled

◆ Compression = Enabled

◆ TCP Acceleration = Enabled

◆ CIFS Acceleration = Disabled

◆ FEC = Enabled

◆ FEC Ratio = 1:5 (Recommended)

◆ Windows Scale Factor = 8

◆ Congestion Control = Optimized

◆ IP Header Compression = Enabled

◆ RTP Header Compression = Enabled

◆ Coalescing On = Yes

◆ Coalesce Wait = 0 ms

◆ From the CLI run: "system network-memory mode 1"

Note: Maximum latency (round-trip time) and packet drop supported onCisco FCIP links are 100 ms round trip and 0.5% packet drop. The limit is thesame regardless whether latency and packet drop conditions exist together oronly one of them exists. This limitation only applies to the baseline (withoutWAN OPT appliances). With WAN OPT appliances and properconfigurations, RTT and packet loss can be extended beyond that limitation.Up to 200 ms round trip and 1% packet drop were qualified by EMC E-Lab.

GigE environmentThe following Silver Peak configuration settings are recommended ina GigE environment:

◆ WAN Bandwidth = (Environment dependent)

◆ Tunnel Auto Max BW = Disabled (Unchecked)

◆ Tunnel Max BW = in Kbps (Environment dependent)

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◆ Tunnel Min BW = 32 Kb/s

◆ Reorder Wait = 100 ms

◆ MTU = 1500

◆ Mode = GRE

◆ Network Memory = Enabled

◆ Compression = Enabled

◆ TCP Acceleration = Enabled

◆ CIFS Acceleration = Disabled

◆ FEC = Enabled

◆ FEC Ratio = 1:5 (Recommended)

◆ Windows Scale Factor = 8

◆ Congestion Control = Optimized

◆ IP Header Compression = Enabled

◆ RTP Header Compression = Enabled

◆ Coalescing On = Yes

◆ Coalesce Wait = 0 ms

◆ From the CLI run: "system network-memory mode 1"

ReferencesFor more information about Silver Peak appliances, refer to the SilverPeak website at http://www.silver-peak.com.

◆ Silver Peak Command Line Interface Reference Guide

◆ Silver Peak Network Deployment Guide

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