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WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN...

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WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn
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Page 1: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

WAN Technologies

Lecture 9

Paul Flynn

Page 2: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Objectives

• WAN Technologies Overview

• WAN Technologies

• WAN Design

Page 3: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

WAN Technology

Page 4: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

WAN Service Providers

Page 5: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Physical Layer: WANs

Page 6: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

WAN Line Types and Bandwidth

Page 7: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

WAN Devices

Page 8: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

CSU/DSU

Page 9: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Modem Transmission

Page 10: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

WAN Standards

Page 11: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

WAN Link Options

Page 12: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Analog Dialup

Page 13: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ISDN

Page 14: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Leased Line

• Leased lines are not only used to provide direct point-to-point connections between Enterprise LANS, they can also be used to connect individual branches to a packet switched network.

Page 15: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Frame Relay• Most Frame Relay connections are based on

PVCs rather than SVCs. It implements no error or flow control. Frame Relay provides permanent shared medium bandwidth connectivity that carries both voice and data traffic.

Page 16: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ATM

• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a technology capable of transferring voice, video, and data through private and public networks. It is built on a cell based architecture rather than on a frame-based architecture.

Page 17: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

DSL

Page 18: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Cable Modem

• Enhanced Cable Modems enable two-way. High speed data transmissions using the same coaxial lines that transmit cable television.

Page 19: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL Technology

Page 20: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

What does ADSL mean

• Asymmetric - The data can flow faster in one direction than the other. Data transmission has faster downstream to the subscriber than upstream

• Digital - No type of communication is transferred in an analog method. All data is purely digital, and only at the end, modulated to be carried over the line.

• Subscriber Line - The data is carried over a single twisted pair copper loop to the subscriber premises

Page 21: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL standards :ADSL standards :

Standard name Standard name Common name Common name Downstream Downstream rate  rate 

Upstream Upstream rate rate

ITU G.992.1 ITU G.992.1 ADSL (G.DMT) ADSL (G.DMT) 8 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.2 ITU G.992.2 ADSL Lite (G.Lite) ADSL Lite (G.Lite) 1.5 Mbit/s 1.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 ITU G.992.3/4 ADSL2 ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 12 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 Annex J ITU G.992.3/4 Annex J ADSL2 ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 12 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 Annex LITU G.992.3/4 Annex L RE-ADSL2 RE-ADSL2 5 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 0.8 Mbit/s 0.8 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.5 ITU G.992.5 ADSL2+ ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.5 Annex LITU G.992.5 Annex L RE-ADSL2+ RE-ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.5 Annex M ITU G.992.5 Annex M ADSL2+ ADSL2+ 28 Mbit/s 28 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s

Page 22: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ISDN

ADSL

FTTx, VDSL2,ADSL2plus

EnhancedCopper

Hybrid Fibre/Copper

Pure Fibre

ADSL Speed Comparison

Voice bandModem

FTTH

Page 23: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL Range• In general, the maximum range for DSL without a repeater

is 5.5 km • As distance decreases toward the telephone company

office, the data rate increases

• For larger distances, you may be able to have DSL if your phone company has extended the local loop with optical fiber cable

Data Rate Wire gauge Wire size Distance

1.5 or 2 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 5.5 km

1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 4.6 km

6.1 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 3.7 km

1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 2.7

Page 24: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL Speed Factors

• The distance from the local exchange

• The type and thickness of wires used

• The number and type of joins in the wire

• The proximity of the wire to other wires carrying ADSL, ISDN and other non-voice signals

• The proximity of the wires to radio transmitters.

Page 25: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL network components

• The ADSL modem at the customer premises(ATU-R)

• The modem of the central office (ATU-C)

• DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM)

• Broadband Access Server (BAS)

• Splitter - an electronic low pass filter that separates the analogue voice or ISDN signal from ADSL data frequencies DSLAM.

Page 26: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL Loop Architecture

ISP

Central Office Subscriber premises

Voice Switch

DSL

Page 27: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL Requirements

• Phone-line, activated by your phone company for ADSL

• Filter to separate the phone signal from the Internet signal

• ADSL modem

• Subscription with an ISP supporting ADSL

Page 28: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

How does ADSL work• ADSL exploits the ADSL exploits the unused analogue bandwidth unused analogue bandwidth

available in the wiresavailable in the wires

• ADSL works by using a frequency splitter device to split a ADSL works by using a frequency splitter device to split a traditional voice telephone line into two frequenciestraditional voice telephone line into two frequencies

4 25,875 138 1104 KHz

PSTNPSTN DownstreamDownstreamUpstreamUpstream

Page 29: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

ADSL Modulation

• Modulation is the overlaying of information (or the signal) onto an electronic or optical carrier waveform

• There are two competing and incompatible standards for modulating the ADSL signal:

– Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP)

– Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)

Page 30: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Carrierless Amplitude Phase• Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) is an encoding Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) is an encoding

method that divides the signals into two distinct bands:method that divides the signals into two distinct bands:

1.1. The upstream data channel (to the service provider), which is The upstream data channel (to the service provider), which is carried in the band between 25 and 160kHzcarried in the band between 25 and 160kHz

1.1. The downstream data channel (to the user), which is carried in The downstream data channel (to the user), which is carried in the band from 200kHz to 1.1MHz .the band from 200kHz to 1.1MHz .

• These channels are widely separated in order to These channels are widely separated in order to minimize the possibility of interference between the minimize the possibility of interference between the channels.channels.

Page 31: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Discrete Multi-tone (DMT)

• Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) separates the DSL signal so that the usable frequency range is separated into 256 channels of 4.3125kHz each.

• DMT has 224 downstream frequency bins (or carriers) and 32 upstream frequency bins.

• DMT constantly shifts signals between different channels to ensure that the best channels are used for transmission and reception.

Page 32: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

The DMT frequency bands• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

• Echo Cancellation

Page 33: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Max. Data Rate Down/Uplink (bps)

VDSL–Very High Bit Rate DSL

25M/1.6M or 8M/8M

Line Coding Technology

???

Analog Voice Support

Yes

Max. Reach (km-feet)

.9–3,000

DSL Service

ADSL–Asymmetric DSL 8M/1M CAP & DMT Yes 5.5–18,000

HDSL2–High Bit Rate DSL

1.5M–2.0M/1.5M–2.0M

Optis No 4.6–15,000

SDSL–Symmetric DSL 768K/768K 2B1Q / CAP No 6.9–22,000

IDSL–ISDN DSL 144K/144K 2B1Q No 5.5–18,000

Residential

SOHO

Business

DSL Modem Technology

• Trade-off is Reach vs. Bandwidth• Reach numbers imply “Clean Copper”• Different layer 1 transmission technologies, need a

common upper protocol layer to tie them together

Page 34: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Modern WAN

Page 35: WAN Technologies Lecture 9 Paul Flynn. Objectives WAN Technologies Overview WAN Technologies WAN Design.

Comparing WAN Traffic Types


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