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War for War for IndependenceIndependence
11stst Continental Congress Continental Congress 17741774
Meets in PhiladelphiaMeets in PhiladelphiaWhy Philadelphia?Why Philadelphia?
Purpose of the Continental Purpose of the Continental CongressCongressTo protect Colonial Rights To protect Colonial Rights
against tyrannical Britainagainst tyrannical Britain
First ShotsFirst Shots
British troops are sent to British troops are sent to confiscate Colonial guns and confiscate Colonial guns and ammunition at Concord Mass.ammunition at Concord Mass.
Capture key members of the Sons Capture key members of the Sons of Liberty. Samuel Adams & John of Liberty. Samuel Adams & John Hancock.Hancock.
Paul Revere and William Dawes Paul Revere and William Dawes ride out to warn the minutemen.ride out to warn the minutemen.
““THE BRITISH ARE COMING!”THE BRITISH ARE COMING!”
Battle of LexingtonBattle of Lexington
4/19/1775, 14/19/1775, 1st st Shots of the Shots of the American Revolution.American Revolution.
““Shot Heard Round the Shot Heard Round the World”World”
Who fired first?Who fired first? Who won? Who won?
Results of LexingtonResults of Lexington
700 British “Redcoats” vs 70 700 British “Redcoats” vs 70 Minutemen.Minutemen.
8 Colonial men are killed8 Colonial men are killed 0 British losses0 British losses Easy British victoryEasy British victory Redcoats press on toward ConcordRedcoats press on toward Concord Minutemen from local areas come to Minutemen from local areas come to
fight the British.fight the British.
Battle of ConcordBattle of Concord
Minutemen use Guerrilla Tactics Minutemen use Guerrilla Tactics Defeat the British at the North Defeat the British at the North
Bridge near ConcordBridge near Concord British retreat back toward British retreat back toward
BostonBoston Approx 4000 Minutemen line the Approx 4000 Minutemen line the
route back to Boston.route back to Boston.
Results of the Battle of Results of the Battle of ConcordConcord
Casualties:Casualties:British 273British 273Colonists 87Colonists 87
Smashing Colonial VictorySmashing Colonial Victory Increases Colonial moral, Increases Colonial moral,
increases confidence in the increases confidence in the Rebellion.Rebellion.
Infuriates King George IIIInfuriates King George III
22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress
May 1775 in PhiladelphiaMay 1775 in Philadelphia John Hancock is 2John Hancock is 2ndnd CC President CC President George Washington chosen as George Washington chosen as
commanding general of commanding general of Continental Army.Continental Army.
Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition One last hope to restore harmony One last hope to restore harmony
between Britain and the Colonies.between Britain and the Colonies.• King George III rejects the Olive Branch PetitionKing George III rejects the Olive Branch Petition
Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
Bloodiest Battle of the American Bloodiest Battle of the American Revolution.Revolution. 1000 British losses1000 British losses 400 Colonial losses400 Colonial losses
3 British frontal assaults are 3 British frontal assaults are repulsed.repulsed. Colonists “Don’t fire until you see the Colonists “Don’t fire until you see the
whites of their eyes.”whites of their eyes.” Battle is actually fought on Breeds Battle is actually fought on Breeds
Hill.Hill.
Results of Bunker HillResults of Bunker Hill
Proof Colonists Proof Colonists can fight.can fight.
Confidence for Confidence for Colonial troops.Colonial troops.
Revenge of King Revenge of King George III.George III.
British StrengthsBritish Strengths
Best Army & Best Army & Navy in the Navy in the WorldWorld
Strong Central Strong Central GovernmentGovernment
Lots of MoneyLots of Money
Colonial StrengthsColonial Strengths
The Cause of The Cause of IndependenceIndependence
Leadership Leadership (later) of (later) of George George WashingtonWashington
Common SenseCommon Sense
Written by Thomas PaineWritten by Thomas Paine Explains in simple terms why Explains in simple terms why
the colonies should declare the colonies should declare independence.independence.
Very influentialVery influentialUncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s CabinThe JungleThe JungleSilent SpringSilent Spring
Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
6/7/1776 Richard Henry Lee, 6/7/1776 Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia introduces the of Virginia introduces the idea to dissolve all political idea to dissolve all political bands with Great Britain.bands with Great Britain.
John Adams of Mass is the John Adams of Mass is the driving engine behind driving engine behind independence.independence.
Declaration CommitteeDeclaration Committee
Ben Franklin, John Adams, Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Robert LivingstonSherman, Robert Livingston
Author of DeclarationAuthor of Declaration
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson 22ndnd Youngest Youngest
member of CCmember of CC VirginiaVirginia Slave ownerSlave owner Outlawed Outlawed
Slavery in Slavery in original original Declaration.Declaration.
Adoption of DeclarationAdoption of Declaration
All 13 Colonies must adopt.All 13 Colonies must adopt. Slavery Clause must be Slavery Clause must be
removed.removed.To insure Southern supportTo insure Southern support
Adopted 7/4/1776Adopted 7/4/1776
British StrategyBritish Strategy
Abandon BostonAbandon Boston Attack New York CityAttack New York City
Advance up the Hudson RiverAdvance up the Hudson RiverCut off New England from the Cut off New England from the
rest of the coloniesrest of the coloniesWhy?Why?
Battle of New YorkBattle of New York
British VictoryBritish Victory New York City Abandoned by Colonial New York City Abandoned by Colonial
ArmyArmy Devastating Defeat for Colonial ArmyDevastating Defeat for Colonial Army Question the Leadership of George Question the Leadership of George
WashingtonWashington Washington retreats across New Washington retreats across New
Jersey & into PennsylvaniaJersey & into Pennsylvania
German MercenariesGerman Mercenaries
MercenaryMercenaryPaid soldiers from a different Paid soldiers from a different
countrycountryBritish hire German British hire German
MercenariesMercenaries• HessiansHessians
Battle Of TrentonBattle Of Trenton
Washington’s Crossing of the Washington’s Crossing of the Delaware RiverDelaware River
Attack Hessians at TrentonAttack Hessians at Trenton River crossing begins at nightfall River crossing begins at nightfall
12/25/1776, Christmas Night12/25/1776, Christmas Night Counting on the Element of Counting on the Element of
Surprise. Hope for drunkenness.Surprise. Hope for drunkenness.
Results Of TrentonResults Of Trenton Morale for the Continental ArmyMorale for the Continental Army Recruitment goes up!Recruitment goes up! Confidence in General Confidence in General
WashingtonWashington Hessian LossesHessian Losses
23 Dead23 Dead 92 Wounded92 Wounded 913 Captured913 Captured
Colonial Losses 0Colonial Losses 0