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Warm Mix AsphaltCan Your Community Benefit from this
Green Technology?Green Technology?
John I. Duval, P.E., LEED APTechnical Marketing Manager, Evotherm
APWA International Public Works CongressSeptember 14 2009September 14, 2009
Columbus, Ohio
Outline
• What is Warm Mix Asphalt?• Why Warm Mix Asphalt?
– Pavement Performance– Environmental Benefits
• Case Study
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What is Warm Mix
• Reduce production temperatures 30°-100°F
• Many additives & processes• First developed in EU in mid-90’s• NAPA WMA EU Scan Tour 2002• First US sections paved in 2004
What is Warm Mix
• First US Evotherm projects paved in 2005
• NCAT lab/track studies in 2005• First DOT sponsored test sections in
2006• Projects in 40+ states by 2009
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States that have placed WMA
What is Warm Mix?
2005: There were three WMA technologies:Aspha-min – foam zeoliteSasobit – waxEvotherm – surfactant
2009: > 10 Warm mix technologiesWith many differences including
» WMA mechanism» Effective temperature range» Track record of performance
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WMA Additives / Foam Systems
• Advera • Astec Double B l G• Aspha-Min
• Evotherm• LEA-CO• Low Emission
Asphalti
Barrel Green• Gencor Green
Machine• Maxam
Aquablack• Stansteel Accu-• Rediset WMX
• Sasobit• WAM Foam
• Stansteel Accu-Shear Dual WMA
• Terex WMA System
What is Warm Mix?350ºF
Conventional Hot Mix º
250ºF
200ºF
Hot Mix 300ºF
Warm MixAsphalt
FoamedAsphalt
Cold MixAmbient
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Why Warm Mix?
• Lowest Temperatures– 70 - 100°F cooler than HMA– Large compaction window– Reduced thermal segregation – Extended hauls & paving season– Longer service lifeg– Major reductions in fuel & emissions– Increased usage of RAP
Why Warm Mix?
• Larger compaction window
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Texas DOT - San Antonio
LimestonePG76-223000 T 3000 Tons, T mix: 240°FΔT: 95°F
TxDOT DensitiesRoadway & Lab Densities @ 4.6% PG76-22
98.0 98.0
94.0
92 593.1
97.297.0
96.3
92 0
93.0
94.0
95.0
96.0
97.0
Rdw
y D
ensi
ties
96.0
96.5
97.0
97.5
ab M
olde
d D
ensi
ties
Rdwy Density
Lab Density
92.5
90.0
91.0
92.0
WMA HMA Control HMA Project95.0
95.5
La
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TxDOT Specification Bonus
Roadway Densities TxDOT Specification % Bonus
94 5
WM
A
ontr
ol
ect92.5
93.0
93.5
94.0
94.5
2.0% Bonus
3.2% Bonus
5% Bonus
Evot
herm
HM
A C
o
HM
A P
roje
91.5
92.0
Averages
E
Advantages of Warm Mix
• Larger compaction window• Reduced thermal segregation
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62 Deg Difference
24 Deg Difference
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Advantages of Warm Mix
• Larger compaction window• Reduced thermal segregation• Extended hauls & paving season
Extended HaulsDoubling Market Reach
70 miles
50 miles
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Double Haul Distance50 vs. 100 mi
4X4X
HMA at 50ºF
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Evotherm at 50ºF
Extended Season Paving
New York City, 8 Dec. 08, 40% RAP PG 64-22
Evotherm mix temperature behind the screed
Ground temperatureat 7 a.m. was < 15ºF
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Extended Season Paving
New York City, 8 Dec. 08,
40% RAP PG 64 2240% RAP PG 64-22
Paving
Compaction
Extended Season Paving
New York City, 8 Dec. 08,
40% RAP PG 64 22
Excellent joint compaction
40% RAP PG 64-22
Air voids of coresall > 92% of Gmm
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Cold Weather Paving
280 mile, 8 hour haul
10°F air temperat re10°F air temperature
Bridge resurfacing
350°F production
240°F delivery
Advantages of Warm Mix
• Larger compaction window• Reduced thermal segregation• Extended hauls & paving season• Longer service life
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Reduced Binder Aging
120
140Hot Mix
40
60
80
100
120Pe
nEvotherm
0
20
Virgin AC RecoveredAC
2 years
TxDOT Cores After 1 Year
Hot Mix Control
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TxDOT Overlay Tester
StressStress Crack
TTI Overlay Tester Results
841*
800
900 HMA GRANITEEVOTHERM GRANITE
108
593
321
597.3634**
200
300
400
500
600
700
CY
CL
ES
TO
FA
ILU
RE
2954
08
41 58.0
0
100
1 2 3 4 MEAN
SAMPLE * Test stopped at 841 cycles without failure** Test stopped at 634 cycles without failure
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TTI Overlay Tester Results
490500
600 HMA LIMESTONEEVOTHERM LIMESTONE
419
490
345 334
397.0
200
300
400
500C
YC
LE
S T
O F
AIL
UR
E
31 21 20 30 25.5
0
100
1 2 3 4 MEAN
SAMPLE
Advantages of Warm Mix
• Larger compaction window• Reduced thermal segregation• Extended hauls & paving season• Longer service life• Major reductions in fuel j
consumption and emissions
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Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
971 cities as of 9/14/09
www.usmayors.org
Stack Emissions
100%
120%HMA emission normalized to 100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Fuel CO2 CO SO2 NOx TPM
Hot Mix
Evotherm↓46%
↓63%
↓34%
↓58%
↓81%
↓55%
200 °F Evotherm, 310°F HMA control
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Reduced Emissions
Hot Mix
Reduced Emissions
Hot Mix
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Evotherm
Jobsite Emissions vs. HMA
0 4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2Evotherm
HMA
↓41%Below
DetectableLimits↓
0
0.4
Total Organics Benzene Solubles
Jobsite Emissions
HMA Control Lower ProductionTemperatures MeanSi ifi tl LSignificantly Lower
Fumes & Odors
Evotherm
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Mexico City – EcoPaving45% reduction in fuel consumption & CO2 emissions
City owned & City owned & operated mix plants
100% of HMA production converted to Evotherm
Advantages of Warm Mix
• Larger compaction window• Reduced thermal segregation• Extended hauls & paving season• Longer service life• Major reductions in fuel j
consumption and emissions• Increased usage of RAP
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Increased RAP
Source: D. Williams - MoDOT
High RAP Binder PropertiesProperty 40% RAP
HMAControl
40% RAPEvotherm
WMA
SuperpaveSpecification
Mix Production Temperature, °F 330 248 not applicable
Viscosity (Pa-s) 1.357 1.017 3 Pa-s max.G*/sinδ at 64°C, kPa 9.60 5.31 not applicable
to fieldbinder
samples
G*/sinδ at 70°C, kPa 4.54 2.59G*/sinδ at 76°C, kPa 2.18 1.27G*/sinδ at 82°C, kPa 1.08 0.642G*/sinδ at 88°C, kPa 0.56 -Penetration (dmm) 15 23 not applicablePenetration (dmm) 15 23 not applicable
BBR Stiffness (MPa) 222 158 300 MPa max
m-value 0.296 0.328 0.300 minPressure Aging Vessel G* x sinδ, kPa 5663 3218 5000 kPa max
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Case Study
• City of Portland, Oregon
• WMA Demonstration Project
Evotherm—What is it?
• Comprehensive additive packagep p g• Optimized to deliver
– Mixing– Coating– Workability– Compaction– Adhesion
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Evotherm—How does it work?
• Introduced into asphalt binder at terminal--0.3-0.7% by asphalt weight
• Effective temperature range– Mix temperature 250-170°F– Compaction temperature 235-150°F
Advantages of Evotherm
• Easy to use– Can be produced in any mix plant– Same production & lay down
equipment as conventional mix– Easy mix design evaluations
No plant modifications– No plant modifications– Zero capital investment – lab or plant
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Evotherm 3G
Advantages of Evotherm
• Proven track record of performance– Hundreds of projects– 9 independent studies– 15+ DOT Evaluations– 10+ million ESAL on NCAT Test Track
• < 2 mm of rutting• < 2 mm of rutting
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City of Portland WMA Demo
City of Portland WMA Demo
PG64-22, 30% RAP
Mix Temp 250F
ΔT ~ 85°F
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City of Portland WMA Demo
PG64-22, 30% RAP
Placement Temp p225F
City of Portland WMA Demo
Mat Densities
93-95% of TMD
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City of Portland WMA Demo
City of Portland WMA Demo
HMA Evotherm WMAAsphalt PG 70-22 PG 70-22Mix ½ NMAS ½ NMASMix Temp 335F 250FBreakdown 300F 215FFinish 180F 160FFinish 180F 160FDensity 92-93% TMD 93-95% TMDRAP 30% 30%
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Thank you!y