Warm-Up Warm-Up 1. List 3 factors which allowed 1. List 3 factors which allowed for American Cities to grow. for American Cities to grow. 2. What impact did the cost 2. What impact did the cost effective mass production of Steel effective mass production of Steel have on the Cities? have on the Cities? 3. What was the outside of the 3. What was the outside of the Statue of Liberty plated with? Statue of Liberty plated with? 4. What country gave the US the 4. What country gave the US the Statue of Liberty and why? Statue of Liberty and why?
Transcript
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. List 3 factors which allowed for 1. List 3 factors which allowed for American Cities to grow.American Cities to grow.
2. What impact did the cost effective mass 2. What impact did the cost effective mass production of Steel have on the Cities?production of Steel have on the Cities?
3. What was the outside of the Statue of 3. What was the outside of the Statue of Liberty plated with?Liberty plated with?
4. What country gave the US the Statue of 4. What country gave the US the Statue of Liberty and why?Liberty and why?
The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age
The Second Industrial The Second Industrial RevolutionRevolution
Led to new sources of Led to new sources of power and advances in power and advances in transportation & transportation & communicationcommunication– Steel processing -> boom in Steel processing -> boom in
communicationcommunication– # of new inventions led to # of new inventions led to
higher standard of livinghigher standard of living
Technological AdvancesTechnological AdvancesBessemer processBessemer process– 1850’s 1850’s – Allowed steel to be produced quickly Allowed steel to be produced quickly
& cheaply & cheaply
KeroseneKerosene– To convert oil to fuelTo convert oil to fuel– Demand for oil beginsDemand for oil begins
TelephoneTelephone– Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell– 18761876
Model TModel T– Henry FordHenry Ford– Moving assembly line – making cars more affordableMoving assembly line – making cars more affordable
Development of ElectricityDevelopment of Electricity
Thomas Edison Thomas Edison – held more than 1,000 patentsheld more than 1,000 patents
– Edison & his team introduced Edison & his team introduced the first practical electric light the first practical electric light bulb in 1879bulb in 1879
– created a power company (GE) created a power company (GE) to distribute electricity, but could to distribute electricity, but could not send it over long distancesnot send it over long distances
– Menlo ParkMenlo Park11stst research & development facility research & development facility in USin US
Development of Electricity Development of Electricity
George Westinghouse George Westinghouse – power system that could send power system that could send
electricity many miles across the electricity many miles across the countrycountry
– Rival of Edison Rival of Edison
Warm-UpWarm-Up1. List 3 technological advances during 1. List 3 technological advances during
the Gilded Age.the Gilded Age.2. Who patented the telephone in 1876?2. Who patented the telephone in 1876?3. What was Menlo Park?3. What was Menlo Park?4. Who formed General Electric (GE), the 4. Who formed General Electric (GE), the
first major power company?first major power company?
Big BusinessBig Business
Growth of Big Growth of Big BusinessBusiness– Late 1800’s Late 1800’s – Led to monopolies/trustsLed to monopolies/trusts– Corporations dominates Corporations dominates
US economyUS economy– People & government People & government
question the methods of question the methods of big businessbig business
The Rise of CorporationsThe Rise of Corporations
CorporationsCorporations– Businesses that sell portions of Businesses that sell portions of
ownership called stock sharesownership called stock shares
– Most widely respected members Most widely respected members of American societyof American society
– Encouraged more investment Encouraged more investment because stockholders could sell because stockholders could sell stock whenever they wanted. stock whenever they wanted.
Gilded Age ConceptsGilded Age Concepts““Self-Made Man”Self-Made Man”– Embellished idea that hard work & determination could allow Embellished idea that hard work & determination could allow
for a person of poverty to ascend to wealth and powerfor a person of poverty to ascend to wealth and power
John D. Rockefeller - OilJohn D. Rockefeller - Oil–Standard Oil Company wasStandard Oil Company was country’s largest refinerycountry’s largest refinery–Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration
owning all businesses in a owning all businesses in a fieldfield
–Formed a Formed a trusttrustgrouping many companies grouping many companies
under a single boardunder a single board
Business LeadersBusiness Leaders
Horizontal MergersHorizontal Mergers
Business LeadersBusiness Leaders
Cornelius Vanderbilt – Cornelius Vanderbilt – RailroadsRailroads– Pioneer of the railroad industryPioneer of the railroad industry
– Purchased smaller rail lines and Purchased smaller rail lines and combined them to his rail linescombined them to his rail lines
– Provided more efficient Provided more efficient transportation transportation
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. Which business is John D. Rockefeller 1. Which business is John D. Rockefeller associated with?associated with?
2. Which business strategy is owning all 2. Which business strategy is owning all related businesses in one field?related businesses in one field?
3. Who provided more efficient 3. Who provided more efficient transportation on the rail lines?transportation on the rail lines?
4. K-Mart and Sears merger in an 4. K-Mart and Sears merger in an example of?example of?
Poor Working ConditionsPoor Working Conditions• Small, crowded rooms
• Specialization made workers tired, bored, and more likely to be injured.
• Managers paid less attention to working conditions
• Limited membership to skilled Limited membership to skilled workers workers
• Used Used collectivecollective bargainingbargaining, , in which all workers acted in which all workers acted together to negotiate with together to negotiate with management management
• Violence erupted Violence erupted between protesters between protesters and police and police
• Resulted in decline Resulted in decline of all labor unionsof all labor unions
Homestead StrikeHomestead Strike• 18921892
• US Steel Company-US Steel Company-Homestead, PennsylvaniaHomestead, Pennsylvania
• Workers locked out by Workers locked out by managementmanagement
• Resulting fight left Resulting fight left workers and Pinkerton workers and Pinkerton guards deadguards dead
• Permanently damaged Permanently damaged public opinion of Carnegiepublic opinion of Carnegie
Pullman StrikePullman Strike• 1894-Pullman IL1894-Pullman IL
• Company townCompany town• Company owned all Company owned all
housing & businesseshousing & businesses
• Began with workers who Began with workers who made Pullman train cars made Pullman train cars
• Spread to workers who Spread to workers who worked on trains pulling worked on trains pulling sleeping carssleeping cars
• Federal troops stopped Federal troops stopped strikestrike
Labor DayLabor Day
• 18941894• Labor Day established Labor Day established
as a Federal Holidayas a Federal Holiday• Pushed for by President Pushed for by President
Cleveland and Congress Cleveland and Congress for upset workersfor upset workers
• Celebrate all workers Celebrate all workers and their contributionsand their contributions
• First Monday in First Monday in SeptemberSeptember
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1.1. Which labor dispute turned workers against the Which labor dispute turned workers against the Chicago police?Chicago police?
2.2. Which labor dispute involved the railroads and Which labor dispute involved the railroads and eventually required federal troops to intervene?eventually required federal troops to intervene?
3.3. Why did President Cleveland want a national Why did President Cleveland want a national holiday for laborers to pass?holiday for laborers to pass?
4.4. When is Labor Day?When is Labor Day?
America Moves to the City:America Moves to the City:Urbanization & ImmigrationUrbanization & Immigration
The Rise of Urban AmericaThe Rise of Urban America • US Population 1900US Population 1900
• doubled to 80 million since the doubled to 80 million since the census of 1870 (105 million by census of 1870 (105 million by 1920) 1920)
• Cities Population tripledCities Population tripled• by 1900 40% of Americans lived in by 1900 40% of Americans lived in
citiescities
• 1900 New York1900 New York• 3.5 million people; 2nd largest in 3.5 million people; 2nd largest in
world (London 1st) world (London 1st)
• Chicago & Philadelphia had over Chicago & Philadelphia had over 1 million people1 million people• No American city had 1 million No American city had 1 million
people in 1860people in 1860
The Rise of Urban AmericaThe Rise of Urban America
teams and clubs teams and clubs • Adopted at the Adopted at the
collegiate levelcollegiate level
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. What did the population of the US do 1. What did the population of the US do between 1870-1900?between 1870-1900?
2. New laws requiring parents to send 2. New laws requiring parents to send children to school were called?children to school were called?
3. Sensational news reporting was called?3. Sensational news reporting was called?
4. What was the city Beautification 4. What was the city Beautification Movement?Movement?
Daily Life in the CitiesDaily Life in the Cities• TheaterTheater
• Vaudeville – “light play”Vaudeville – “light play”• Variety acts put together in Variety acts put together in
segments into 1 showsegments into 1 show
• RagtimeRagtime• New form of popular New form of popular
music-ragged, rhythmic, music-ragged, rhythmic, and dancingand dancing
• Originated in African-Originated in African-American communities in American communities in St. Louis and New OrleansSt. Louis and New Orleans
Nouveau RicheNouveau Riche
Class distinctionsClass distinctions
became most pronounced in America became most pronounced in America history by 1900 history by 1900 New class of New class of super-wealthy: the super-wealthy: the Nouveau richeNouveau riche – 1890: Wealthiest 1% of families owned 51% 1890: Wealthiest 1% of families owned 51%
of real and personal property of real and personal property – Meanwhile, 44% of families at the bottom Meanwhile, 44% of families at the bottom
owned 1.2% of all property. owned 1.2% of all property. – Made an effort to publicly display their wealthMade an effort to publicly display their wealth
Conspicuous consumptionConspicuous consumption
The Middle ClassThe Middle Class
Class DistinctionsClass Distinctions
Middle classMiddle class – Lower end: salesmen, clerks and government Lower end: salesmen, clerks and government
workers; teachers workers; teachers – Upper end: lawyers and doctors Upper end: lawyers and doctors
Usually lived in relatively large homes; Usually lived in relatively large homes; employed at least one domestic servant. employed at least one domestic servant.
““Respectable”Respectable”
The Working ClassThe Working Class
Class DistinctionsClass Distinctions
Working-classWorking-class – Usually Catholic (esp. Irish), foreign (esp. E & Usually Catholic (esp. Irish), foreign (esp. E &
S Europe), or black S Europe), or black
Lived in tenementsLived in tenements– Poorly built apartment buildings Poorly built apartment buildings
In 1900, nearly 20% of children under 15 In 1900, nearly 20% of children under 15 worked in non-agricultural work. worked in non-agricultural work. About 20% of women worked, most were About 20% of women worked, most were young—between school & marriage. young—between school & marriage.
Can we find examples of this class structure today?
Tough Life in the CityTough Life in the City
Cities had deplorable conditionsCities had deplorable conditions. . Rampant crime: prostitution, drug use, Rampant crime: prostitution, drug use, gambling, violent crimegambling, violent crime. . Unsanitary conditions persistedUnsanitary conditions persisted as as cities could not keep up with growth cities could not keep up with growth Perfection of "dumbell" tenement in 1879; Perfection of "dumbell" tenement in 1879; 7 or 8 stories high with little ventilation 7 or 8 stories high with little ventilation – while families were crammed into each floor while families were crammed into each floor
(50% of New York City housing) (50% of New York City housing)
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. What sport became America’s favorite 1. What sport became America’s favorite past time during the Gilded Age?past time during the Gilded Age?
2. Who developed what we think of as 2. Who developed what we think of as American Football?American Football?
3. Who were the Nouveau Riche?3. Who were the Nouveau Riche?
4. What percentage of the population 4. What percentage of the population owned the most private property?owned the most private property?
5. Which class was “respectable” and list 3 5. Which class was “respectable” and list 3 occupations?occupations?
Why Emigrate?Why Emigrate?
Why immigration from Eastern & Southern Why immigration from Eastern & Southern Europe? Europe? – Overpopulation in EuropeOverpopulation in Europe– Rapid industrialization left many with either no Rapid industrialization left many with either no
where to go or forced many to change their where to go or forced many to change their customary occupations. customary occupations.
– America seen as a land of opportunityAmerica seen as a land of opportunity (conditions in Europe dismal) (conditions in Europe dismal)
The Lure of AmericaThe Lure of America
Old ImmigrantsOld Immigrants
1800-18801800-1880
10 million10 million
Most were Protestants Most were Protestants from NW Europefrom NW Europe
Most were Catholic, Most were Catholic, Greek Orthodox or Greek Orthodox or JewishJewish
Southern or Eastern Southern or Eastern European European
(Czech, Greek, (Czech, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, and Slovak)Russian, and Slovak)
New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants
New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants
Most came through Ellis Island in New York Most came through Ellis Island in New York harbor from 1882-1954harbor from 1882-1954
Statue of Liberty erected in NY harbor, a gift Statue of Liberty erected in NY harbor, a gift from the Frenchfrom the French. . – "Give us your tired, your poor/ Your huddled "Give us your tired, your poor/ Your huddled
masses yearning to breath free/The wretched masses yearning to breath free/The wretched refuse of your teeming shore." -- Emma Lazarusrefuse of your teeming shore." -- Emma Lazarus
Came to live in enclaves in NY & ChicagoCame to live in enclaves in NY & Chicago– By 1900 60% lived in the nations 12 largest citiesBy 1900 60% lived in the nations 12 largest cities
US Culture?US Culture?
Struggle to maintain cultures in Struggle to maintain cultures in AmericaAmerica
Immigrants were often urged to join the Immigrants were often urged to join the American mainstreamAmerican mainstream– 1st generation Americans often rejected culture of 1st generation Americans often rejected culture of
parents and became mainstreamedparents and became mainstreamed
Many Catholic parochial schools & Jewish Many Catholic parochial schools & Jewish Hebrew schools established Hebrew schools established
Foreign-language newspapers, theaters, food Foreign-language newspapers, theaters, food stores, restaurants, parishes, social clubs. stores, restaurants, parishes, social clubs.
Nativist ReactionNativist Reaction
Native-born saw immigration as a threatNative-born saw immigration as a threatImmigrants too different to fit into American Immigrants too different to fit into American SocietySocietyOthers blamed immigrants for social problemsOthers blamed immigrants for social problems– Crime/violenceCrime/violence– PovertyPoverty– Radical political ideas (communism)Radical political ideas (communism)
Immigrants would work for cheaper wagesImmigrants would work for cheaper wagesChinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act– Denied citizenship to people born in ChinaDenied citizenship to people born in China– Prohibited immigration of Chinese laborersProhibited immigration of Chinese laborers
Political Reaction to ImmigrantsPolitical Reaction to Immigrants
Political machines catered to new immigrants Political machines catered to new immigrants – Bosses often traded jobs and services for votes Bosses often traded jobs and services for votes
creating powerful immigrant voting blocks for their creating powerful immigrant voting blocks for their own purposes. own purposes.
– Provided employment on city’s payroll, found housing Provided employment on city’s payroll, found housing for new arrivals, for new arrivals,
– gave gifts of food and clothing to the needy, helped gave gifts of food and clothing to the needy, helped with legal counseling, and helped get schools, parks, with legal counseling, and helped get schools, parks, and hospitals built in immigrant neighborhoods. and hospitals built in immigrant neighborhoods.
Tammany Hall in NYC most infamous political Tammany Hall in NYC most infamous political machine machine
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. Where did many immigrants enter the 1. Where did many immigrants enter the US on the east coast?US on the east coast?
2. What two cities did many immigrants 2. What two cities did many immigrants settle in?settle in?
3. What impact did immigrants have on 3. What impact did immigrants have on city neighborhoods?city neighborhoods?
4. Why did immigrants help politicians win 4. Why did immigrants help politicians win elections?elections?
Famous MuckrakersFamous Muckrakers
Lincoln Steffens – corruption in Lincoln Steffens – corruption in city governmentscity governments
Ida Tarbell – illegal tactics of Ida Tarbell – illegal tactics of Rockefeller (oil)Rockefeller (oil)
Jacob Riis – conditions of the Jacob Riis – conditions of the poor, tenement life and working poor, tenement life and working conditionsconditions
Gilded Age PoliticsGilded Age Politics
Republicans-aligned with big businessRepublicans-aligned with big business
Little governmentLittle government
Weak PresidentsWeak Presidents
President Arthur persuaded Congress to President Arthur persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Service Act-1883pass the Civil Service Act-1883– Government Jobs based on competitive Government Jobs based on competitive
exams rather than political favorsexams rather than political favors
• Critics-businesses earned Critics-businesses earned their fortunes through unfair their fortunes through unfair business practices.business practices.
• Used size and strength Used size and strength to drive smaller to drive smaller competitors out of competitors out of businessbusiness
• Powerful trusts sold Powerful trusts sold goods and services goods and services below market value below market value
• smaller competitors went smaller competitors went out of business, then out of business, then raised prices.raised prices.
Sherman Antitrust Act 1890Sherman Antitrust Act 1890 made it illegal to create made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that monopolies or trusts that restrained trade.restrained trade.
– The act did not clearly define a The act did not clearly define a trust in legal terms, so it was trust in legal terms, so it was hard to enforce.hard to enforce.
– Corporations and trusts Corporations and trusts continued to grow in size and continued to grow in size and power.power.
Farmers’ Demands:Farmers’ Demands:
Regulate the railroad companies! (stop them Regulate the railroad companies! (stop them from charging such high rates)from charging such high rates)
Make cash more available (back the dollar Make cash more available (back the dollar with silver, not gold, so dollar will be worth with silver, not gold, so dollar will be worth less)less)
Political demands: single term for President Political demands: single term for President and Vice-President; secret ballot; popular and Vice-President; secret ballot; popular election of Senatorselection of Senators
To get industrial workers to support them: 8-To get industrial workers to support them: 8-hour workday; restrict immigrationhour workday; restrict immigration
Different Groups Representing Different Groups Representing Farmers’ InterestsFarmers’ Interests
1867: Grange cooperative1867: Grange cooperative
1880s: Farmers’ Alliance and Colored 1880s: Farmers’ Alliance and Colored Farmers’ National AllianceFarmers’ National Alliance
1892: Birth of the Populist, or People’s 1892: Birth of the Populist, or People’s PartyParty
Populism vs. Big BusinessPopulism vs. Big Business
Election of 1896Election of 1896
• Bryan vs. William McKinleyBryan vs. William McKinley
• Main issue is gold vs. silver. Problem partly Main issue is gold vs. silver. Problem partly caused Panic of 1893. caused Panic of 1893.
• Populists didn’t focus on too many other issues. Populists didn’t focus on too many other issues.
• Lose election and end of populist partyLose election and end of populist party
• End of Populism?End of Populism?
Progressive MovementsProgressive Movements
ProgressivismProgressivism– Reform movement in the late 19Reform movement in the late 19 thth early 20 early 20thth
centurycentury– Focused on urban problemsFocused on urban problems– Exposed social problems in the U.S.Exposed social problems in the U.S.– Mainly native born middle and upper classMainly native born middle and upper class
Progressive IssuesProgressive Issues
Labor lawsLabor laws– Demand limits on the work dayDemand limits on the work day– Prohibit monopoliesProhibit monopolies– Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws
Greater control of the gov’tGreater control of the gov’t– 1717thth Amendment (gave voters the power to directly elect senators) Amendment (gave voters the power to directly elect senators)– ““if we wish to do good work for our country, we must be unselfish”—if we wish to do good work for our country, we must be unselfish”—
Teddy RooseveltTeddy RooseveltMuckrakingMuckraking– Expose the muck or filth of society Expose the muck or filth of society – ““The Jungle”- Upton Sinclair The Jungle”- Upton Sinclair
Moral ReformMoral Reform– 1818thth Amendment (Prohibition-barred the sale and consumption of Amendment (Prohibition-barred the sale and consumption of
alcohol)alcohol)Suffrage Suffrage – 1919thth Amendment (women's right to vote) Amendment (women's right to vote)
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. List the Progressive Presidents1. List the Progressive Presidents
2. How did Roosevelt resolve the 1902 2. How did Roosevelt resolve the 1902 coal strike?coal strike?
3. What was the purpose of the Hepburn 3. What was the purpose of the Hepburn Act?Act?
4. How old was Roosevelt when he 4. How old was Roosevelt when he became President?became President?
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1.List two Muckrakers and what they 1.List two Muckrakers and what they exposed.exposed.
2. Which amendment changed the 2. Which amendment changed the election of Senators to voters?election of Senators to voters?
3. Describe a Referendum.3. Describe a Referendum.
4. Which amendment banned the sale, 4. Which amendment banned the sale, manufacture, and consumption of alcohol?manufacture, and consumption of alcohol?
5. Which political reform could remove an 5. Which political reform could remove an elected official in a special election?elected official in a special election?
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. Who was the Progressive candidate in 1. Who was the Progressive candidate in the election of 1912?the election of 1912?
2. Why did Roosevelt and Taft have a 2. Why did Roosevelt and Taft have a falling out?falling out?
3. List 3 Conservation pieces established 3. List 3 Conservation pieces established by Roosevelt.by Roosevelt.
4. What were two major trusts broken up 4. What were two major trusts broken up by Roosevelt?by Roosevelt?
Progressive PresidentsProgressive Presidents
President Teddy Roosevelt- 1901-1909President Teddy Roosevelt- 1901-1909
President William Howard Taft- 1909-1913President William Howard Taft- 1909-1913
President Woodrow Wilson- 1913-1921President Woodrow Wilson- 1913-1921
Warm-UpWarm-Up
1. Which group of Americans made up the 1. Which group of Americans made up the Populist movement and who was their Populist movement and who was their candidate?candidate?
2. List 3 issues of Progressives.2. List 3 issues of Progressives.
3. What is a muckraker?3. What is a muckraker?
4. How did the Progressives assert more 4. How did the Progressives assert more control of the government during the control of the government during the Gilded Age? Gilded Age?
Political ReformsPolitical Reforms
Referendum – voters could get Referendum – voters could get a bill placed on ballot – vote on a bill placed on ballot – vote on an initiativean initiative
Recall – elected officials could Recall – elected officials could be removed by voters in a be removed by voters in a special electionspecial election
Political ReformsPolitical Reforms
Direct primary – special Direct primary – special elections to determine whom elections to determine whom party members want to party members want to represent themrepresent them
1717thth amendment – 1912 direct amendment – 1912 direct election of senatorselection of senators
Hero in the Spanish-American Hero in the Spanish-American War – led the Rough Riders to War – led the Rough Riders to famous victoriesfamous victoriesV.P. under McKinley – takes V.P. under McKinley – takes over after his assassination in over after his assassination in 1901 at 42 years old1901 at 42 years oldElected officially in 1904Elected officially in 1904
The Coal StrikeThe Coal Strike
19021902Coal mine owners refused to Coal mine owners refused to negotiate with workersnegotiate with workersSend army to take over the Send army to take over the minemineWon shorter hours and higher Won shorter hours and higher wageswages
Some were regulated while others Some were regulated while others were dissolvedwere dissolved
Broke up Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Broke up Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust (30 Companies)Trust (30 Companies)
Broke up J.P. Morgan’s Northern Broke up J.P. Morgan’s Northern Securities Company-RR’sSecurities Company-RR’s
Pure Food And Drug ActPure Food And Drug Act
1906 – FDA1906 – FDA
Banned use of harmful additions Banned use of harmful additions in foods and banned false in foods and banned false advertising for drugsadvertising for drugs
Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act
1906 – federal investigation of 1906 – federal investigation of industryindustry
set health and sanitary standards set health and sanitary standards for all phases of the meatpacking for all phases of the meatpacking industryindustry
ConservationConservation
New lands Reclamation Act – set $ aside New lands Reclamation Act – set $ aside from the sale of public land to build dams from the sale of public land to build dams and irrigation systems in the west-helped and irrigation systems in the west-helped small farmssmall farms
US Forest Service-150 National Forests US Forest Service-150 National Forests establishedestablished
Wanted to preserve/protect environment-Wanted to preserve/protect environment-National Parks Service establishedNational Parks Service established
William Howard Taft 1909-1913William Howard Taft 1909-1913
President TaftPresident Taft
Filed twice as many anti-trust suits than Filed twice as many anti-trust suits than RooseveltRoosevelt
Expanded the authority of ICC-regulated the Expanded the authority of ICC-regulated the telephone, telegraph, and cable companiestelephone, telegraph, and cable companies
Payne-Aldrich Tariff-highest tariff in history Payne-Aldrich Tariff-highest tariff in history passedpassed
Allowed the undoing of some of Roosevelt’s Allowed the undoing of some of Roosevelt’s conservation initiativesconservation initiatives
Election of 1912-Taft and Roosevelt split the Election of 1912-Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, Democrat Wilson wins electionRepublican vote, Democrat Wilson wins election
Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921Woodrow Wilson 1913 -1921
“ “ The New Freedom”The New Freedom”Strong president Strong president Tame big business, open up Tame big business, open up competitioncompetitionAttack tariffs, trusts and banksAttack tariffs, trusts and banks
Wilson Cont.Wilson Cont.
1616thth Amendment-Income Tax, wealthy taxed at a Amendment-Income Tax, wealthy taxed at a higher rate than poorhigher rate than poor
Underwood Tariff-Lowered tariff by 25%Underwood Tariff-Lowered tariff by 25%
Federal Reserve Act-Regulated the banking Federal Reserve Act-Regulated the banking industry and controlled currency circulationindustry and controlled currency circulation
