Warm-Up 12/16/13

Teach the Teacher: Tell me about a time you felt out of place.

Review: Which group has full outer orbitals?

Groups of elements and why they bond.

Flash Card On the front

write:

Luster

On the back write:

Shininess

Flash Card On the front

write:

Malleable

On the back write:

Ability to be hammered and re-shaped

Metals: major part of the group

Most elements are metals. 88 elements found to the

LEFT of the Zigzag Line

Physical Properties Of Metals Luster (shininess)

Good conductors of heat and electricity High density (heavy for their size) High melting point Ductile (drawn out into thin wires) Malleable (hammered into thin sheets)

Chemical Properties of Metals Easily lose

electrons (become positive ions CATIONS) Corrode

easilyReact easily with

other elements

ALKALI METALS – GROUP 1, 1A & IA Soft metals – they can

be cut with a knifeMost reactive of all the

metals - React rapidly with oxygen and water

Do not occur in nature in their elemental form

Stored under oil Will form a +1 ion by

giving away their one valence electron

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 2A & IIA Do not occur in

nature in their elemental form

Will form a +2 ion by giving away their two valence electrons

UsesFireworksCa – Bones &

TeethBa - X-Rays

              

          

Transition Elements Group 3-12These elements are

most familiar to the public because they are found in nature in their elemental form

Often form colored compounds Chromium precious gems (emeralds and

rubies)Cadmium yellow Cobalt blue

INNER Transition Metals: Lanthanides and Actinides

LanthanidesElements 58 – 71Elements used in

motion pictures industry

Produce colors you see on the TV

ActinidesElements 90 – 103All actinides are

radioactive and unstable

Thorium and Uranium are found in the earth’s crust

Uranium – nuclear reactors

NONMETALSFound to the RIGHT of the zigzag line

Hydrogen is considered a nonmetalGroup 18 – Noble Gasses are the only

group that consists of all nonmetalsGroup 17 - Halogens

Non-metals cont. Properties

Nonmetals gain electrons to become stable – anions

Most are gasses at room tempNot malleableNot ductilePoor conductors of heat and electricityNo Luster – Dull

Important nonmetals in HumansCarbon Hydrogen Nitrogen & Oxygen

Metalloids & Synthetic ElementsMetalloids conduct electricity better

than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.

Synthetic elements do not occur naturally (they are man-made)

All elements with an atomic number higher than uranium (92) were made by scientists and most are radioactive.

Warm-up 12/17/13

Teach the Teacher: What are some magazines you like to read/check out?

Review: What kind of ion is positive?

Flash Cards

On the Front Write :

Subscript

On the Back Write:

Number below letters (submarine) tell you the number of atoms in a compound

Flash Card

On one side:

Superscript

On the other side:

Numbers written above the letters (superman)

Na2+

Mapping the PT

Outline with a different colored marker for each one:

Alkali metals-group 1Alkali earth metals-group 2Transition metals – group 3-12 Noble Gases- group 18Lanthanides- labeledActinides – labeled

Element Bonding Puzzle Card

1. Besides shape and color, what else do all the white pieces have in common?

2. Besides shape and color, what do all the yellow pieces have in common?

3. Build 2 rectangles using these rules: must use both white and yellow piecesNo more then two different elementsWrite down the name of what you build

4.What is the total charge of each rectangle (combine both charges)

Electron Dot Diagrams of Selected Elements

Electron Dot uses the symbol of the element and dots to illustrate the number of electrons in the outermost energy level

Elements of the same group (column) have the same number of valence electrons

The Story of Bending the Rules

Normal atom=# Protons= #

electronsThen it’s a neutral

atom*Remember that all

atoms want to have orbital shells be full Full shells=

1st orbital: 2 electrons2nd orbital: 8 electrons

Trying to Get Full Example: Sodium (Na) has

11 electrons (Draw lewis dot diagram

here)

Wants to get rid of 1

valence electron to be full Chlorine has 7 valence

electrons (Draw lewis dot diagram

here)

Not Your Normal Atom Na now has 10 electrons

So does Ne, but Ne has 10 protons and Na still has 11 protons

But not normal Na atomNow Na is Na+

An ionNow orbitals are full and atom is

electrically chargedAND ATTRACTIVE to other elements

like Cl

Ionsatom or molecule with missing or

extra electronsIons are charged particles (positive

or negative)charge = #protons - #electrons charge given as a trailing superscript positive ions are cations X+

negative ions are anions X–

Metals= + cations Non metals= - anions

Warm-up 12/18/13Teach the teacher questions: If you

could start a band what kind of band would you start, what would you call it, and what part would have in it (play guitar, sing, ect.).

Review: What are some characteristics of metals?

Warm-up 12/19/13

Teach the Sub: What are some holiday traditions you have during the holidays.

Review: The 2 in H2O is that a subscript or a superscript?

Warm-up 12/20/13

Teach the Teacher: Take a vote, would you rather be an elf or a reindeer? Why?

Review: Describe the Bohr Model.

Warm-up 1/2/14

Teach the Teacher: What was the best part about the break?

Review: Tell me as many things as you can about me (ms. Uhre)

Flash Card

On one side:

Ionic Bond

On the other side:

A bond formed by attraction of a cation (+) and an anion (-)

Chem Idol round 4

Alkaline Earth Metals by Dan Daly

Alkali Metals Parody by Zach and Company

The Bonding Song By Shigotawang

Dice It:

Anything in this room

Dice It

Element symbols that are non-metals

Dice It

The # number/mass of protons and neutrons

Dice It:

Element names that have 2,4,or

6 valence electrons

Dice It:

Elements that are anions

Dice It:

Elements that are cations

Dice It

Elements that have a ionic charge of +1, -1, 0

Dice It:

Elements that take in electrons

Warm-up 1/3/14

Teach the Teacher: What is the best New Year’s resolution you have/have heard of?

Review: An isotope is an atom with a different number of what? (Pull out PT and check this….)

Chemical BondsBONDING ISN’T JUST FOR PEOPLE.

Why do atoms form compounds? TO BECOME STABLE!! What does stable mean to an

atom? Full set of valence electrons Atoms want to have the electron

configuration of a noble gas Atoms will gain, lose or share

electrons in order to obtain a full set of valence electrons

Combining ElementsThe chemical & physical properties of the

elements are different than the properties of the compound they make up

Na + Cl2 → NaCl

Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine & Hydrogen with Oxygen

→

Types of BondsIonic Bonds

Contain a metal & a nonmetal (at least 1 of each)

Electrons are gained or lostEx. Salt, NaCl

Covalent BondsContain 2 or more nonmetals or hydrogenElectrons are sharedEx. Water, H2O

Ionic BondingIn an ionic bond, one atoms gives

electrons to another atom.When atoms combine this way, it is

called a formula unit.Ex. NaCl is a formula unit

The charge of a formula unit is always 0.

The positive and negative charges must always balance each other.

Warm-up 12/13/12

Teach the Teacher: What is the best school lunch?

Review: Finish this sentence: All ________ are cations.

FormulasChemical Formula—tells what elements

a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element.Ex. NaCl has 1 atom of sodium & 1 atom of

chlorineEx. H2O has 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom

of oxygen.A subscript (small # written below) is

written after a symbol to tell how many atoms of that element are in the compound.

Rules for FormulasWrite the cation (metal) first. Write

the anion (nonmetal) second.The net ionic charge is zero.Use subscripts to indicate multiple

ions.Write the formula unit in the lowest

whole number ratio.

A trick for formula unitsWrite both ions with their charges

as superscripts. Cu3+ & O2-

Crisscross the charges to make the subscripts in the formulaDo not put + or – in the formula

Cu3+ & O2-

Cu2O3

Silver Chloride

AgCl

Ag+1 Cl-1

Zinc Phosphide

Zn3P2

Zn+2 P-3

Aluminum Oxide

Al2O3

Al+3 O-2

Types of Bonds IONIC BONDS

between metals & nonmetals Electrons form a give take

relationshipmetals give e- (cation)

nonmetal take e- (anion)

Held together by attraction of opposite charges

IONIC ANIMATION

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic Ions=molecule with more then one element that has a charge

The prefix poly- means many in Greek.

Polyatomic Ions

Ion consisting of a molecule with many covalently bonded atoms

Act as a single unit

Polyatomic ions is also referred as a radical ion

Name ends in –ate & -ite-ide usually indicates binary

Multiple Oxidation NumbersSome metals (other metals &

transition metals) can have more than 1 oxidation number.

If an element can have more than 1 oxidation number, the charge of the ion is written as a roman numeral in parentheses.Ex. Copper (I) ion is Cu1+

Copper (II) ion is Cu2+

Mistakes to Avoid Roman numerals are

not written in the formula

Charges are not written in the formula

Don’t drop polyatomic subscripts

Hydroxide, OH, needs parentheses to indicate multiples.

Cu(II)O CuO

K+1Br-1 KBr

CaNO2 Ca(NO3)2

CaOH2 Ca(OH)2

Warm up-12/17/12

Teach the Sub: What is the hardest job you have ever had to do (chores, at school, at an actual job, etc.)?

Review: Impress the sub with a fact about the periodic table.

Rules for NamingBinary Ionic Compounds with Group A

ElementsWrite the cation name 1st

Cation name is the same as the element name

Write the anion name 2nd Change the ending of the

element name to –ide.

Covalent BondsCovalent bonds share electronsComposed of 2 or more nonmetals (and

H)Covalent compounds are called moleculesMolecules can be polar or nonpolarPolar molecule—slightly positive and

negative at parts—but overall neutrale- are unevenly shared

Nonpolar molecule—electrons are shared equally—completely neutral

Naming Covalent Compounds Use prefixes to tell how many of each

element you have.This is done because you can have

different covalent compounds containing the same elements.

Change the ending of the 2nd element to -ideEx. N2O is dinitrogen monoxide.

You can leave off the prefix mono- on the first element.Ex. NO2 is nitrogen dioxide

Not mononitrogen dioxide

Mono—1Di—2Tri—3Tetra—4Penta—5Hexa—6Hepta—7Octa—8Nona—9Deca—10

Formulas for Covalent Compounds

Use the prefixes as the subscript in the formula.

Ex. Phosphorus TrichloridePCl3

Dinitrogen TetrafluorideN2F4

Warm-up 1/3/13

Teach the Teacher: What was the best thing done over the break?

Review: List as many people as you can in the class.