Warm-up 6/2

• During the video

1) List 3 major events that occurred

• Truman;• Ike;• JFK;

2) Pick one president to do a Bubble Map on (describe)

President

Warm-up 5/28• Read “Creating the United Nations” on p. 616 of your

text

1) Create a Tree Map like the one below and complete the structure of the United Nations

United Nations

(Branch) (Branch)

(Members) (Members) (Responsibilities)(Responsibilities)

Warm-up 4/25

• Study the “Causes and Effects of the Cold War” chart on p.636 of your text

1) What do you think was the most important cause of the Cold War? Why?

2) Which of the effects was likely the result of the development of the atomic bomb?

The Cold WarThe Cold War

Vocabulary Ch. 13 “Cold War”

• insubordination- refusing to obey orders or submit to authority

• nuclear fallout- radiation leftover from a nuclear blast

I. Origins of Cold War

A. Soviets concerned w/ security & spreading communism in Europe & abroad (feared capitalist nations)

B. U.S. concerned w/ world economy after WWII (wanted to increase trade)

A. FDR & Churchill agreed to let Stalin keep control in Poland as long as free elections would be held soon

II. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)

B. Issued Declaration of Liberated Europe, people’s right to choose govt.

C. Germany & Berlin divided into 4 zones

A. Truman stood firm that Stalin keep promises made at Yalta

III. Truman Takes Control (April 1945)

Harry S. Truman

B. July 1945, Truman & Stalin met at Potsdam; Soviets were told to take reparations only from their German zone

C. Truman told Stalin about A-bomb; Stalin thought it was a threat

III. Truman Takes Control

D. Issues at Potsdam led to pro-Soviet Communist govt.s in East Europe

III. Truman Takes Control

E. Winston Churchill’s term, the iron curtain, was used to describe Europe’s division

A. George Kennan’s Long Telegram, led to Truman’s policy of containment—keeping communism within its present territory

IV.Containing Communism

B. March 12, 1947, Truman asked Congress for $400 million to fight Soviets in Greece & Turkey; Truman Doctrine

IV.Containing Communism

C. June 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed European Recovery Program called Marshall Plan giving billions of dollars worth of supplies, machinery, & food to West Europe

IV.Containing Communism

A. End of WWII, U.S. & Soviet forces divided Korea at 38th parallel of latitude; Soviets set up a Communist govt. in north

B. June 25, 1950, North Korean troops invaded South Korea

V. The Korean War

C. General MacArthur led United Nations (UN) & South Korean troops pushed back advancing North Koreans

D. China began a massive attack driving UN forces back across 38th parallel

V. The Korean War

E. MacArthur demanded approval to expand the war against China, but Truman wanted a limited war & fired MacArthur for insubordination

V. The Korean War

F. By 1951 UN forces had pushed Chinese & North Koreans back across 38th parallel; an armistice was signed July 1953

VII. The Korean War

Nearly 5 million people died in the war; mostly civilians from bombings

A. 1950s, rumors & accusations of Communists in the U.S. led to fears that Communists were attempting to take over

VI. A New Red Scare

Book produced during the Red Scare of the 1950s.

B. 1947, Truman established the loyalty review program to screen all federal employees for their loyalty

C. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover went to House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) to urge them to hold public hearings on Communist spies

VI.A New Red Scare

D. In 1948 Time magazine editor Whittaker Chambers testified before HUAC that several govt. officials were former Communists or spies including Alger Hiss

VI.A New Red Scare

E. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for leading a Soviet spy ring trading atomic secrets & were executed in June 1953

VI.A New Red Scare

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

VI.A New Red Scare

In 1946 U.S. cryptographers cracked the

Soviet spy code; this did not become public until

1995 when the govt. revealed Project Venona’s

existence

A. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy became a leader of communist fear mongering

VII. “McCarthyism”

Joseph R. McCarthy

B. 1952, McCarthy became chairman of Senate subcommittee on investigations (based on flimsy evidence he ruined reputations by accusing people of being communists) but was later censured

VII. “McCarthyism”

The McCarthy Witch HuntsThe McCarthy Witch Hunts

• Sen. Joseph McCarthySen. Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin

• 1950 he led a witch witch hunthunt accusing over 200 people in the gov't and army of being communists

• Mostly false accusations• Many lives were ruined

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

• Name calling: “Commie” and “Pinko”

• Hearings were unfair, speedy, and devastating

• Many found guilty by accusation and no evidence

• Senator was eventually proved wrong but the damage was already done

• 1954: Censured by the Senate• He lost credibility and power• 1957: Died ruined and humiliated

VIII. Life During Cold War

A. Threat of atomic attack forced U.S. to prepare; families built fallout shelters & stocked them w/ canned food

Inside the ShelterInside the Shelter

Home bomb shelter, Garden City Long Island

VIII. Life During Cold War

During the Cold War, the media often gave survival tips for the anticipated nuclear holocaust (left). A California resident works on his fallout shelter (right).

Warm-up 6/1

• Reread “McCarthy’s Downfall” on p.647-648 of your text

1) Who finally stood up to McCarthy and what was his famous question to McCarthy?

2) What happened to McCarthy at the end of his career?

A. 1952, Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, won the presidency by a landslide

XI. Ike

B. Eisenhower wanted to prevent war through massive retaliation & brinkmanship

C. Oct. 4, 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth

D. 1958, Congress created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) & passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

XI. Ike

E. Eisenhower used covert, or hidden, operations conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

XI. Ike

F. CIA operations often took place in developing nations such as Iran & Guatemala

G. In his farewell address, Eisenhower warned against the influence of a military-industrial complex in a democracy; new relationship between the military & defense industry

XI. Ike

A. Televised debates strongly influenced the election; Catholic John F. Kennedy won one of the closest elections in U.S. history

XII. Election of 1960

John F. Kennedy (left) and Richard Nixon (right) in the 1960 debate

A. 1961, President Kennedy approved a secret plan for Cuban exiles to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs & revolt against the Soviet-supported Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro

B. Most exiles were killed or captured by Castro’s army

XIII. Cold War Crisis

C. Kennedy refused to recognize East Germany or withdraw from Berlin; Soviets retaliated by constructing the Berlin Wall

XIII. Cold War Crisis

D. 1962, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev began to place nuclear missiles in Cuba in response to US missiles in Turkey; Kennedy blockaded Cuba bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war

XIII. Cold War Crisis

E. Cuban Missile Crisis ended when Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba & Soviets agreed to remove missiles from Cuba

XIII. Cold War Crisis

A. Nov. 22, 1963, Kennedy was shot twice while riding in a presidential motorcade; Lee Harvey Oswald, a Marxist, was accused of killing Kennedy

XIV. Death of a President

John F. Kennedy, Jr. (right) salutes his father’s coffin during the state funeral.

Chapter Summary

A. 1948, Soviets opposed reuniting Germany & set up a blockade of West Berlin; U.S. & Britain set up the Berlin Airlift

V. The Berlin Airlift

B. For 11 months, cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, & coal; Stalin finally lifted the blockade in May 1949

V. The Berlin Airlift

The Berlin airlift became a symbol of American determination.

C. April 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a defense alliance, was created by U.S. & initially 11 other nations

D. Soviet leaders later formed the Warsaw Pact in response

V. The Berlin Airlift

NATO still exists today & includes many more members.

VI. Cold War Spreads to Asia

A. Oct. 1949, Communists set up the People’s Republic of China

B. 1954, U.S. formed Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) to stop Soviet expansion in Southeast Asia