Warm Up 9/16 Warm Up 9/16 1. 1. Earth’s major spheres are the Earth’s major spheres are the ______. ______. Hydrosphere, atmosphere, Hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere geosphere, and biosphere 2. 2. Which of Earth’s spheres includes Which of Earth’s spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, lakes, the oceans, groundwater, lakes, and glaciers? and glaciers? The hydrosphere The hydrosphere 3. 3. What theory provides a model to What theory provides a model to explain how earthquakes and explain how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur? volcanic eruptions occur? Plate tectonics Plate tectonics
Transcript
Warm Up 9/16Warm Up 9/161.1. Earth’s major spheres are the ______.Earth’s major spheres are the ______. Hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, Hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere,
and biosphereand biosphere2.2. Which of Earth’s spheres includes the Which of Earth’s spheres includes the
oceans, groundwater, lakes, and oceans, groundwater, lakes, and glaciers?glaciers?
The hydrosphereThe hydrosphere3.3. What theory provides a model to What theory provides a model to
explain how earthquakes and volcanic explain how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur?eruptions occur?
Determining LocationDetermining Location LatitudeLatitude – the distance north or south of the – the distance north or south of the
equator, measured in degreesequator, measured in degrees LongitudeLongitude – the distance east or west of the – the distance east or west of the
prime meridian, measured in degreesprime meridian, measured in degrees Lines of latitude and longitude form a global Lines of latitude and longitude form a global
grid; allowing us to state the absolute grid; allowing us to state the absolute location of any place on Earthlocation of any place on Earth
The equator divides Earth in two; each half is The equator divides Earth in two; each half is called a hemisphere (northern and southern)called a hemisphere (northern and southern)
The prime meridian and the 180º meridian The prime meridian and the 180º meridian divide Earth into eastern and western divide Earth into eastern and western hemisphereshemispheres
Global GridGlobal Grid
Locating Places Using the GridLocating Places Using the Grid
Concept CheckConcept Check
How does the global grid divide How does the global grid divide Earth?Earth?
Into hemispheresInto hemispheres
Maps and MappingMaps and Mapping No matter what kind of map is made, No matter what kind of map is made,
some portion of the surface will always some portion of the surface will always look either too small, too big, or out of look either too small, too big, or out of place; mapmakers have, however, found place; mapmakers have, however, found ways to limit the distortion of shape, size, ways to limit the distortion of shape, size, and distanceand distance
The Mercator projection is used by many The Mercator projection is used by many seagoing navigators, as it uses lines of seagoing navigators, as it uses lines of longitude that are parallel, making the longitude that are parallel, making the map rectangularmap rectangular
The Robinson projection shows most The Robinson projection shows most distances, sizes, and shapes accurately, distances, sizes, and shapes accurately, but is distorted around the edgesbut is distorted around the edges
Conic projections are used to make a map Conic projections are used to make a map of a smaller areaof a smaller area
Gnomonic projections are used by sailors Gnomonic projections are used by sailors and navigators for short distancesand navigators for short distances
ProjectionsProjections
Concept CheckConcept Check
What major problem must What major problem must mapmakers overcome?mapmakers overcome?
Representing round Earth on a flat Representing round Earth on a flat paper causes distortion in shape, paper causes distortion in shape, size, and distancesize, and distance
Topographic MapsTopographic Maps Topographic MapTopographic Map – a map that represents Earth’s – a map that represents Earth’s
surface in three dimensions; it shows elevation, surface in three dimensions; it shows elevation, distance, directions, and slope anglesdistance, directions, and slope angles
Topographic maps differ from other maps discussed Topographic maps differ from other maps discussed so far because topographic maps show elevation of so far because topographic maps show elevation of Earth’s surface by means of contour linesEarth’s surface by means of contour lines
Contour LineContour Line – line on a topographic map that – line on a topographic map that indicates an elevation; every point along a contour indicates an elevation; every point along a contour line has the same elevationline has the same elevation
Contour IntervalContour Interval – on a topographic map, tells the – on a topographic map, tells the distance in elevation between adjacent contour linesdistance in elevation between adjacent contour lines
A map is drawn to scale, where a certain distance on A map is drawn to scale, where a certain distance on the map is equal to a certain distance on the surfacethe map is equal to a certain distance on the surface
A map that shows the type and age of the rocks that A map that shows the type and age of the rocks that are exposed, or crop out, at the surface is called a are exposed, or crop out, at the surface is called a geologic mapgeologic map
Contour LinesContour Lines
Geologic MapGeologic Map
Concept CheckConcept Check
How do topographic maps indicate How do topographic maps indicate changes in elevation?changes in elevation?
Contour lines, lines close together Contour lines, lines close together indicate a steeper slopeindicate a steeper slope
Advanced TechnologyAdvanced Technology Today’s technology provides us with the Today’s technology provides us with the
ability to more precisely analyze Earth’s ability to more precisely analyze Earth’s physical propertiesphysical properties
Scientists now use satellites and Scientists now use satellites and computers to send and receive data, computers to send and receive data, which are then converted into usable which are then converted into usable forms such as pictures and numerical forms such as pictures and numerical summariessummaries
The process of collecting data about Earth The process of collecting data about Earth from a distance, such as from orbiting from a distance, such as from orbiting satellites, is called remote sensingsatellites, is called remote sensing
We can use this technology in our daily We can use this technology in our daily lives too; many newer cars use the Global lives too; many newer cars use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to provide maps Positioning System (GPS) to provide maps to different destinationsto different destinations
Concept CheckConcept Check
What types of advanced technology What types of advanced technology are used in mapmaking today?are used in mapmaking today?
