Warm-up

• BREAKING NEWS: PREPARE FOR AN EARTHQUAKE! • Imagine that you have just received news that

Charlotte is preparing for an earthquake. • What would you do to prepare your home,

family, and what resources would you need?•

Follow-up: Did you think of these things?• First aid kit and instruction booklet• Plastic tarp or a small tent• Emergency ("space") blankets and one sleeping bag for each family

member • At least one gallon of bottled water per person, per day. For a 3-day

supply, that adds up to three gallons of water per person • Enough canned or dried food for 3 days• Can opener• Flashlight (easily in reach)• Battery-powered radio• Spare batteries for everything (stored separately in waterproof

bags)• Toilet paper, soap, toothpaste and toothbrushes, and other

personal supplies• Multi-purpose dry chemical (Class ABC) fire extinguisher• Any important medicine and supplies for infants, elderly people, and

others with special needs

Earthquakes!• SWBAT describe the anatomy of an earthquake • SWBAT relate earthquakes to different types of plate

boundaries.

North CarolinaAs a resident of Charlotte, NC as a insurance agent would you

recommend a new homeowner to purchase Earthquake insurance? Explain your answer.

California• As a resident of

Charlotte, NC as a insurance agent would you recommend a new homeowner to purchase Earthquake insurance? Explain your answer.• What have we studied

in previous units would explain why California has more frequent and stronger Earthquakes.

Why does California see so many EQs?• The San Andreas Fault!

Phases of an Earthquake

• Foreshock: any of the usually minor tremors commonly preceding the principal shock of an earthquake

• Earthquake: An earthquake is the shaking of the ground due to the movements of tectonic plates

• Aftershock: smaller earthquakes which are generated by the continued movement of plates and other materials after the main shock

Focus - the point within the Earth where the earthquake starts. It is the place below the earth’s surface where the rocks tear, come apart, or collide.

Epicenter - location on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus. Surface waves move outward from the epicenter.

Fault - the break in thecrust where the earthquake occurs.

Parts of an Earthquake

Types of FaultsStrike-Slip, Reverse, NormalEach fault occurs at a different type of boundary!

Mini-Poster

1. Draw a picture of each type of fault. (312)2. Label the following information on each picture: Fault,

Hanging Wall, Footwall and make sure you included arrows indicating plate motion.

3. Describe the force that is causing the plate to move. (Compression, tension, or shearing)

4. Describe the type of plate boundary that is typically associated with each of these faults. (Convergent, Divergent, or Transform.)

White Board Question

1. What type of plate boundary would produce a normal fault?2. Name the different types of stress that occur during

Earthquakes.3. What type of faults should be most common at a spreading

ocean ridge? Explain4. Draw and label the following: Hanging wall, Footwall, and

Fault.

Instrument used by scientists to measure Earthquakes.

SEISMOGRAPH

What do we use to measure earthquakes?

Richter Scale – a scale from 1 – 10 that tells the magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake

Magnitudes and Energy of Earthquakes

Annual Numbers of EQs

What’s the message?

MOST of the energy is released by around 20 magnitude-7 and larger EQs every year.

Modified Mercalli Scale• Scale that measures

an Earthquakes intensity (damage).• Scale is in roman

numerals from 1 – 12 or I to XII.

Earthquake Comparison• Haiti 2010• Magnitude 7.0• 220,000 Deaths• 14 Billion in damage.

• Why were there more deaths in Haiti compared to Japan?

• Japan 2011• Magnitude 9• 15,891 Deaths• 300 Billion in

damage.• Caused a Tsunami

Elastic Rebound Theory

Why do earthquakes occur?

Along a fault, energy builds up in a rock until it breaks…This release of energy causes an earthquake.

Elastic Rebound Theory• Definition: the gradual buildup, and release of stress and

strain, between tectonic plates which leads to earthquakes

Earthquake and Volcano Puzzle

Exit Ticket!Any last minute questions?

Exit Ticket

1. What is an epicenter?

2. What is the elastic rebound theory?

3. Where is the focus in relation to the epicenter?

4. Draw a diagram of the three types of faults we discussed in class today.