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Warm-Up DNA Mutations
Lesson Question
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WK2 Words to Know
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.
a change in the DNA sequence caused by the loss of one or more base pairs
the building blocks of proteins
a change in the DNA sequence caused by the replacement of one or more base pairs
a substance that slows or stops the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms
a change in the DNA sequence caused by the addition of one or more base pairs
a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene
Lesson Goals
Explore the types and effects of DNA mutations.
Distinguish common types of DNA mutations.
Analyze the effects of DNA mutations
on the of an organism.
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Warm-Up DNA Mutations
Protein Production
• A strand of RNA is formed in the .
• RNA stands for “ acid.”
• The sugar in RNA is ribose.
• The strand of RNA leaves the nucleus and moves to the ribosome.
• In the ribosome, the information that RNA copies from is used to produce a protein with a specific function.
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DNA MutationsInstruction
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Amino Acids and Proteins
• In the , the information that copies from DNA is
used to make proteins.
• Amino acids join together to make proteins.
Type of Mutation: Substitution
• A substitution mutation occurs when a in the DNA sequence is replaced by a different base.
• Substitution may change the type of acid.
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Protein Change
• A permanent in the DNA
of a gene is called a
mutation.
• Mutations can change the of a protein.
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DNA MutationsInstruction
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Type of Mutation: Insertion
An insertion mutation occurs when one or more bases is added to the
sequence.
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Insertions may extra amino
acids in a .
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Insertions may change all the amino
acids that follow the .
Type of Mutation: Deletion
A deletion mutation is caused by the of one or more bases.
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Deletion may amino
acids in a protein.
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THE DOA TET HEH AT
Deletion may all the
amino acids that follow the mutation.
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DNA MutationsInstruction
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Effect of Gene Mutation on Traits
• Mutations may or may not change the way a trait is observed in an organism.
• Changes may be , harmful, or neutral to the organism.
Beneficial Effects of Gene Mutations
• Mutations may help organisms and survive.
• Bacteria mutate to fight off , which slow or stop the
of bacteria.
Beneficial Effects of Gene Mutations
• Mutations may help organisms live and .
• tolerance helps humans break down the sugar in milk
into molecules that can be used as a source of .
Harmful Effects of Mutations
Mutations may cause .
A defect in
decreases a person’s ability to carry oxygen.
Rapid reproduction and division of abnormal cells may lead to
.
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Harmful Effects of Mutations
• Mutations may affect an organism’s .
• The frog’s white color does not protect it from other organisms that want to eat it.
Neutral Effects of Mutations
Mutations that do not benefit or harm an organism have a effect on the organism.
The color of this
flower does not affect how the flower
.
The difference in this cat’s eye color
does not affect the cat’s to see.
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Summary DNA Mutations
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Answer
Review: Key Concepts
• A is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
• Types of mutations include substitution, insertion, and .
• Substitution occurs when one or more base pairs take the place of other base pairs in the gene sequence.
• Insertion occurs when one or more base pairs are added to the gene sequence.
• Deletion occurs when one or more base pairs are removed from the gene sequence.
• The effects of mutations may be , , or neutral.
Lesson Question What are the types of DNA mutations and their effects?
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Summary DNA Mutations
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