Warm Up • Figure out each Rebus puzzle below. Based on the clues in each box, come up with a name, work or phrase for that box. • Example: = Head over Heels
Transcript
Slide 1
Slide 2
Warm Up Figure out each Rebus puzzle below. Based on the clues
in each box, come up with a name, work or phrase for that box.
Example: = Head over Heels
Slide 3
Warm Up Answers History repeats itself Youre under arrest
Update Point blank range Walk in the park
Slide 4
Similes, Metaphors and Symbols in The Scarlet Ibis Definitions,
examples and practice
Slide 5
Objectives Define the concept of theme and identify the
theme(s) in a story. Identify and explain the use of figurative
language in short stories. Identify and explain the use of
symbols/symbolism in short stories.
Slide 6
Similes and Metaphors In this lesson, you'll discover two ways
authors use specific words to add interest to their writing.
SIMILES AND METAPHORS are two more kinds of figurative language
that authors use to add interest to their writing.
Slide 7
Similes A simile compares two things by using the words like or
as. Example 1 I was so embarrassed; my face was as red as a beet!
How can the author compare a person's face to a vegetable? They're
so different! True, but they are alike in one way: Both are red.
Picturing this can help you visualize the character and understand
his or her motives in a story.
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Similes Here are few more similes. What do they help you
visualize? You and I are as alike as two peas in a pod! She is as
quiet as a mouse. His sadness was as unending as the waves crashing
on shore. I know I can trust him; he's as honest as the day is
long. I can't get her to do anything; she's as stubborn as a
mule!
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Metaphors A metaphor compares two things without using like or
as. The text states that one thing is, or has the characteristics
of, another. Example 2 The dog's eyes were searchlights, looking
for any sign of kindness. Is the author tying to get you to picture
a dog with huge searchlights for eyes? No, the author wants you to
visualize a poor dog staring intently, looking for kindness from a
stranger.
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Metaphor Here are a few more metaphors. What do you visualize
with each? Night is a curtain that eventually falls. The
quarterback is a well-maintained machine. She is a beacon of light,
guiding us home. Strength and honor are his uniform. Silence is an
invited guest, allowing me time to think. Practice exercises for
this study guide can be found at:
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Simile and Metaphor Practice. Practice 1: Word Rhymes: Here are
three very short four-line rhymes that contain similes and
metaphors. Read each, and then answer the questions that follow.
The breeze is a messenger, As sweet as roses in bloom, That fills
all the corners Of my lonely room. The sky is a blanket Bejeweled
with diamonds so bright That twinkle and sparkle Like fireflies at
night. The street is a river On which traffic can flow Where cars
scurry like fish And swish to and fro.
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Simile and Metaphor Practice. 1. In the first rhyme, the author
uses a simile to compare a a. fish to the scent of a rose. b.
breeze to the sweet smell of roses. c. messenger to a lonely room.
d. lonely room to a windstorm. 2. Which of these is NOT a metaphor?
a. The breeze is a messenger. b. The sky is a blanket. c. like
fireflies at night d. he street is a river. 3. How does the author
use a simile in the last rhyme? a. to compare the street to a river
b. to compare cars to fish c. to compare stars to fireflies d. to
compare roses to traffic
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Simile and Metaphor Practice. Answers: 1.B 2.C 3.d
Slide 14
Simile and Metaphor Practice. On your own piece of paper,
answer the questions based on the two examples on the handouts
provided. There are 10 multiple choice questions total.
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Simile and Metaphor Practice. Answers: 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. d 8. b
9. c 10. d 11. b 12. d 13. c
Slide 16
Symbols and Symbolism A symbol is something that represents
something else, either by association or by resemblance. It can be
a material object or a written sign used to represent something
invisible. Language itself is a system of spoken or written symbols
by which we communicate. Every word is a symbol; the five letters
that form the word 'chair' represent a sound as well as a physical
object. In writing, symbolism is the use of a word, a phrase, or a
description, which represents a deeper meaning than the words
themselves. This kind of extension of meaning can transform the
written word into a very powerful instrument. On the following
pagse we'll first describe some common types of symbols that
illustrate how symbols can be used, and then we'll show you how
symbolism is used in writing with some familiar examples.
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Symbols Religious Symbolism Religious symbolism is the use of
text, images, procedures, or actual physical objects to represent
an idea or belief. The most common example is the use of objects to
symbolize the faith itself, as in the use of a cross to represent
Christianity, or the Star of David to represent Judaism. There are
many more symbols used in religion. For example, in Christianity
the sacraments (holy communion, baptism, ordination and marriage)
are symbols of spiritual change in the participants. In communion,
the bread and wine are symbolic of the body and shed blood of
Jesus, which are themselves also symbolic of the salvation of the
recipient. Other Christian symbols include the dove (symbolic of
the Holy Spirit), and the sacrificial lamb (symbolic of Christ's
sacrifice).
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Symbols Political Symbolism Political symbolism is often used
to represent a political standpoint. It can take the form of
banners, acronyms, pictures, flags, mottos, and many other things.
For example, the Canadian flag contains a maple leaf, which has
long been a symbol of things Canadian. The two bars represent both
the Pacific and Atlantic oceans which bound the country on either
side, and the two founding cultures, English and French. The
mid-20th century German Nazi Party made extensive use of graphic
symbols. These included the swastika, the eagle, the iron cross,
and the dual lightning bolts (the symbol of the SS) pictured at the
left. It should be obvious from these two examples that symbols can
also evoke strong emotions, be they feelings of patriotism, as in
the case of a flag, or anger, hatred and fear in the case of Nazi
symbolism.
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Symbols Colour Symbolism Simple colours can also be symbolic,
depending on your location, or the context in which they are used.
Red, white and blue are symbolic of all things American. Green has
come to represent anything which is environmentally friendly.
Colours can represent different things depending on where you live.
For example, in Asian countries, red symbolizes happiness,
marriage, and prosperity; in some countries the colour of mourning
is white.
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Symbols Architectural Symbolism The design of some buildings is
meant to be symbolic. The building in the picture at the right is
the Canadian War Museum. The front of the building represents the
bow of ship, symbolizing our navies and the role they played in
wartime. The windows on the this roof are also symbolism, albeit in
a more subtle form; they spell out, in Morse Code, the English and
French phrases "Lest we forget" and "N'oublions jamais".
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Symbols Advertising Symbolism Just as in any media, symbolism
is used extensively in advertising. A good example, with which you
are certainly familiar, is the use of actors dressed in white lab
coats who are discussing the merits of a product in a laboratory
setting. These symbols of the medical profession are meant to imply
that the product has been approved by and has the support of
doctors or medical scientists.
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Symbols Mathematical Symbolism Symbols used in mathematics can
represent numbers, operations, sets, or many other things. This is
perhaps the simplest kind of symbolism. Some common mathematical
symbols include + for the operation of addition, or pi for the
transcendental number 3.14159..., and a host of others.pi
Slide 23
Symbols in Literature In literature, symbolism is used to
provide meaning to the writing beyond what is actually being
described. The plot and action that take place in a story can be
thought of as one level, while the symbolism of certain things in
the writing act on another level to enhance the story. Symbolism
can take place by having the theme of a story represented on a
physical level. A simple example might be the occurrence of a storm
at at critical point, when there is conflict or high emotions. The
storm might symbolize these. Similarly a transition from day to
night, or spring to winter, could symbolize a move from goodness to
evil, or hope to despair. A river in a scene could represent the
flow of life, from birth to death. Flowers can symbolize youth or
beauty. Not everything in a story is necessarily symbolic. A garden
landscape is just a garden... until it is contrasted with a
bustling city, at which point the garden could symbolize
tranquility, peace, or escape.
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Symbols in Literature Let's look at some actual examples of
symbolism used in literature and other media, with which you might
be familiar. In Citizen Kane, a child's sled symbolizes the lost
innocence of childhood... although you don't realize this until the
end of the movie. In the novel Animal Farm, the entire story is a
symbol for the evils of communism, with the main animal characters
representing key figures in the Russian revolution. The novel can
be read entirely as a children's story, but when you come to
realize what the various elements and characters in the story
symbolize, the novel takes on a whole new meaning. That's why this
particular work has become such a classic. This kind of story is
called an allegory. In The Lord of the Flies, Ralph with his conch
shell represents order and democracy, while Jack symbolizes
savagery and anarchy. The island itself symbolizes the world in
which we live, and the actions of the characters are symbolic of
the way different people conduct their lives. The beast represents
the darker side of human nature. The movie series Star Wars has
been described as symbolic of faith and religion in our world
overcoming evil. The song I Hope You Dance by Lee Ann Womack is
full of symbolism. The song isn't really about dancing at all...
dancing is a symbol for getting the most out of life. When she
sings '"I hope you never fear those mountains in the distance", the
mountains symbolize our fears about the future, or obstacles in
life we must overcome. The play MacBeth by William Shakespeare uses
blood, both real and imagined, as a symbol of guilt, both of
MacBeth and Lady MacBeth. Another symbol used in the play is a
raven, which usually represents ill fortune. The Harry Potter books
by J. K. Rowling could be seen as containing a lot of symbolism,
although there are as many interpretations as there are creatures
in the books! (The author isn't saying). One clear example is a
commonly used one; the use of a snake to represent evil. It is no
coincidence that the symbol of Slytherin House is a serpent.
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Introducing the Story Literary Focus: Symbols Reading Skills:
Making Inferences from Details The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst
Feature Menu
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The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst
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The Scarlet Ibis Introducing the Story I thought myself pretty
smart at many things...
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The Scarlet Ibis Introducing the Story In The Scarlet Ibis the
narrator tells of his experience growing up with his physically
disabled brother, Doodle, on a farm in the South. The narrator
develops a bond with his younger brother and teaches him to walk.
But he learns a tragic lesson when he pushes Doodle too hard. I did
not know then that pride is a wonderful, terrible thing, a seed
that bears two vines, life and death. from The Scarlet Ibis by
James Hurst [End of Section]
Slide 29
The Scarlet Ibis Literary Focus: Symbols A symbol is an object,
event, person, or animal that stands for something more than
itself. Symbols are all around you in your everyday life. Their
special meanings have been handed down over time.
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The Scarlet Ibis Literary Focus: Symbols A writer might take a
regular object or event and make it stand for some human concern.
In literature, symbols add deeper levels of meaning to a work.
Sometimes a symbol is associated with a particular character.
Symbols speak to the readers emotions and imagination. They make
stories memorable.
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In The Scarlet Ibis, youll notice similarities and links
between one character and a bird. Pay attention to how the author
makes a symbolic connection between the character and the bird. The
Scarlet Ibis Literary Focus: Symbols This symbolism can help deepen
your understanding of the character. [End of Section]
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As you read a story, you make inferences, or educated guesses,
about what the writer is trying to say. You can base your
inferences on your own prior knowledge and on evidence from the
text. The Scarlet Ibis Reading Skills: Making Inferences from
Details Prior Knowledge about how stories work about your own life
experiences Evidence from Text descriptions setting dialogue + =
Inference
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One way to make better inferences is to notice important
details in the story. The Scarlet Ibis Reading Skills: Making
Inferences from Details Details may seem insignificant at first,
but most writers choose details carefully to help convey a certain
meaning or message. Colors, seasons, names, times, objects,
animals, and clothingalmost any little thing can help you make
inferences about meaning.
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Pay attention to details as you read The Scarlet Ibis, and
practice making inferences. Keep track of the little things: The
Scarlet Ibis Reading Skills: Making Inferences from Details What
larger meanings can you infer from these details?
treescolorsflowers gesturesweatheranimals [End of Section]
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The story is set in the American South. Its climax takes place
in 1918, the year World War I ended. Youll find references in the
story to battles being fought far away from its peaceful southern
setting. As you read, think about why the author chose this
setting. The Scarlet Ibis Background The physical setting American
South in 1918 The historical setting end of World War I [End of
Section]
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Quickwrite
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The Scarlet Ibis Quickwrite Make the Connection [End of
Section] Make a list of situations that might make someone feel
proud. Is pride positive or negativecan it be both? Jot down your
thoughts about what it means to be proud.
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Vocabulary
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Previewing the Vocabulary sullenly adv.: resentfully; gloomily.
imminent adj.: near; about to happen. iridescent adj.: rainbowlike;
displaying a shifting range of colors. serene adj.: peaceful; calm.
infallibility n.: inability to make a mistake. The Scarlet Ibis
Vocabulary
Slide 40
Previewing the Vocabulary blighted v. used as adj.: suffering
from conditions that destroy or prevent growth. doggedness n.:
stubbornness; persistence. reiterated v.: repeated. precariously
adv.: unsteadily; insecurely. mar v.: damage; spoil. The Scarlet
Ibis Vocabulary
Slide 41
1. The sudden thunder disturbed the ___________ mood. 2. The
sunlight cast an ___________ glow over the lake. 3.A darkening sky
warned that a storm was ___________. 4. The crops are ___________
due to the severe drought. 5.The trembling bird perched ___________
on a tree limb. Vocabulary Activity: Sentence Completion Fill in
the blanks with the correct Word Bank words. iridescent
blightedsereneprecariously imminent serene iridescent imminent
blighted precariously The Scarlet Ibis Vocabulary [End of
Section]
Slide 42
Scarlet Ibis Questions Answer each of the following questions
using complete sentences. 1.What might the bleeding tree symbolize?
What do we associate with the colour red? 2.What details from the
third paragraph tells you that the story takes place in the past?
3.What comparison does the author make in the third paragraph? What
type of figurative language is it? What does it tell you about his
bother? 4.In the 4 th paragraph, what does the narrator want? 5.Why
is it important to the narrator that his brother is all there?
6.What comparison (2 nd paragraph on page 417) does the narrator
make regarding his brother? What type of comparison is it? 7.Answer
the yellow box question #1 8.Why doesnt Aunt Nicey like Doodles
nickname? What do you think about the narrator nicknaming his
little brother? 9.What inference can you make about Doodle based on
his reaction to the swamp?
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Scarlet Ibis Questions 10. The narrator says at times I was
mean to Doodle, write at least three examples. 11. After reading
about how the brothers trip to the swamp ends (top right column on
pg. 418), what might it foreshadow? 12. What does the narrator mean
when he says, I did not know then that pride is a wonderful,
terrible thing death. 13. Answer the yellow box question #2 on pg.
419 14. What do you think the cardinal they see symbolizes? (pg
419) 15. After finishing reading pg. 419, do you think the narrator
judges himself too harshly? Explain your answer. 16. Why do you
think Doodle lies on pg. 421? 17. Do you think the narrators goals
for Doodle will be realized? Why or why not? (pg 421 top right hand
column)
Slide 44
Scarlet Ibis Questions 18. What type of figurative language is
used to describe promise on pg 421? 19. If summer is a symbol of
what is to come, what do you think may lie in Doodles future? 20.
Answer yellow box question #3 on pg. 422. 21. In the opening of the
story, the narrator refers to the clove of season and he refers to
it again on pg 422 (bottom left column). Why might he repeat this
phrase here? 22. What might Daddys comment about the weather, at
the bottom of pg. 422, foreshadow?
Slide 45
Scarlet Ibis Questions 23. Describe the bird that lands in the
bleeding tree. What might the fact that the bird landed in that
particular tree symbolize/foreshadow? (pg. 423) 24. The physical
details of Doodles response to the bird seems to unsettle the
narrator. What does the description hint at? (pg. 423) 25. What are
the two things compared in the simile at the top of pg. 424? 26.
Answer the yellow box Question #4. (pg 424) 27. Answer the yellow
box question #5. (pg. 424) 28. Look at the two settings described
at the bottom of pg 424 and the top of pg. 425. what is the
contrast between these two scenes? What might it foreshadow? 29.
What does Doodle do on pg. 425 that disappoints the narrator so
much? 30. The word solder means to repair by melting metal and
dripping it on an object. Why do you think the narrator didnt say
anything to Doodle? 30. What does Doodle yell to the narrator when
the narrator begins to run from the storm? What is the narrators
reaction? 31. Answer yellow box question #6. 32. What is the
metaphor at the end of the story? 33. In what ways can the ibis be
a symbol for Doodle? Think about: the resemblance between the two,
Doodles reactions to the bird, both of their struggles to survive
and the similarities between their deaths.