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Warm-up: Imagine that you are moving into the neighborhood shown below. Which backyard would you choose? Why?
One of your new neighbors proposes that the fences should be taken down forming one common backyard. List two advantages and two disadvantages of this plan. Then explain why you would approve or disapprove of your neighbor’s proposal.
Centrifugal Force
A force that divides people and countries
Centripetal Force
A force that unites people and countries
Common Market
A group of countries that acts as a single market, without trade barriers between
member countries
Supranational Cooperation A form of international cooperation
in which countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals
European Union
History of Europe
• Battleground – World Wars pitted European countries against each other.
History of Europe
• May 9, 1950 Robert Schuman made a famous speech about bringing Europe together which would lead to long-lasting peace
• European Coal and Steel Community – 6 countries – created a common market
• Same 6 moved to European Economic Community – reduced trade barriers for many goods.
• Became known as Common Market and more countries joined
Peaceful Cooperation
Peaceful Cooperation
• 1993 – 12 Common Market countries formed the European Union (EU)
Peaceful Cooperation
2012 Now 27 countries
Peaceful Cooperation
• Main goals – encourage peace and economic well-being
• Works to create jobs, protect citizens’ rights, and preserve the environment
• Promotes freedom, security and justice
Europe Prior to the EU• Hard for citizens to live or work in
another country• Each country had its own currency• Each charged tariffs on imports from its
neighbors – raised prices
Economic Forces
Unite Divide
Economic Forces that Unite the EU
What kind of force is this?
Economic Forces that Unite the EU
1. Common market – Allows goods and workers to travel more
freely across borders.– More choices of
what to buy– No tariffs =
lower prices– Workers can travel
freely to find jobs
Economic Forces that Unite the EU
2. Common currency – euro• In many EU countries it has replaced
the national currency• Easier to travel
and trade across the EU
The euro – a single currency for Europeans
EU countries using the euroEU countries not using the euro
Economic Forces that Unite the EU
3. EU trading bloc • Allows EU countries to have more power in
the global economy than they would have individually.
Economic Forces that Divide the EU
• What kind of force is this?
Economic Forces that Divide the EU
1. W. European nations are wealthier than those in Central or E. Europe
• EU spends large amounts of money on projects in poorer nations and some W. Europeans object to this
Economic Forces that Divide the EU
2. Workers in the West are higher paid
• Living costs are higher in W. Europe
• Some businesses have moved factories to the poorer E. European countries
Economic Forces that Divide the EU
• Some Western Europeans also worry about losing jobs to other EU workers who are willing to work for less money
Economic Forces that Divide the EU
3. Not all countries adopted the Euro in 2002• Three refused and kept their own: UK,
Sweden, Denmark.• Others are not allowed to adopt the euro
since they did not have a stable economy
Green – Countries that use the Euro
Blue – countries that chose not to or are not allowed to use the Euro