Warm-Up

• Warm-Up: Harriet Tubman, an ex-salve, was famous for helping over 300 people escape slavery via the Underground Railroad. Many people wanted her dead; at one point, the price on her head was $40,000. If you knew there was a huge price on your head, do you think you would continue to risk your life to help others, or would you simply try to keep yourself safe? Explain your answer

Today’s Schedule – 11/10/09

• Move permission slips needed by TOMORROW

• Warm-Up

• 9.2 PPT: The Antislavery Movement

• Slavery Poster Discussion

• HW: Read 9.3

Roots of Abolitionist Movement

• Emerged in the 1830s– Stemmed from Second Great

Awakening

• American Anti-Slavery Society founded in 1833– Lectures– Petition Drives– Publications

Prominent People in the Movements

• William Lloyd Garrison

• Harriet Tubman

• Frederick Douglass

• Martin Delany

• Harriet Beecher Stowe

William Lloyd Garrison

• Founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society

• He founded the abolitionist newspaper, the Liberator, which he edited from 1831 to 1865

• He believed in the immediate emancipation of all slaves and their assimilation into American society as eventual equals,

– This position angered many Southern whites

• During the Civil War he advocated a peaceful separation of the North and South

• After the Civil War focused his efforts on prohibition, Native American and women’s rights

Harriet Tubman….“Moses”“I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right

to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other”

• Led 300 slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad between 1849 and 1860

• Discovered she was going to be sold– Escaped to Philadelphia in 1849

• Became associated with the Philadelphia Vigilance committee – Met with people running the Underground Railroad– Took people from Maryland to Canada

• Known for fearlessness: iron and shotgun• High reputation: $40,000 reward for her capture

Harriet Tubman• Once the Civil War began she was enlisted as

a nurse in the Union Army– Helped recruit freed slaves– Served also as spy

• Blew up bridges

– After the war, the U.S. denied her a military pension because she had no formal position and because she was a woman

• After the war moved to NY and campaigned for women’s suffrage

Frederick Douglass

• Son of a slave and a white man (unknown to him)

• Mother died at age 7– Sent to Baltimore to work with a ship carpenter

• Learned to read and write there

• Sent back to the country to work for a brutal owner: whipped daily and barely fed– Vowed to escape

• Two years and one unsuccessful attempt later, he escaped to NY

Frederick Douglass

• Eventually attended abolitionist meetings and eventually met William Lloyd Garrison who was so impressed with him offered him a three year contract as a speaker for Garrison’s Liberator

• Published his autobiography in 1845

• Travelled to Europe speaking

• Split from Garrison in 1851– Garrison = radical ; Douglass = pragmatic

Martin Delany• Born a slave, eventually his family argued for

their freedom and won– Claimed to be of royal African descent– Father was a slave, mother was free

• Illegally educated by his mother

• Promoted a sanctuary for slaves in Africa

• First African American in an officer position in the Union Army

• Attended Harvard Medical School briefly– Left after several white students complained about

his presence

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Became a celebrity after writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin– Urging white Northerners to accept escaped slaves

and treat them with respect– “They come to seek a refuge among you; they

come to seek education, knowledge, Christianity. What do you owe to these poor, unfortunates, O Christians? Does not every American Christian owe to the African race some effort at reparation for the wrongs that the American nation has brought upon them?”

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• One of the highest paid writers during her time

• Met Abraham Lincoln in 1862 who supposedly said:– “So you are the little woman who wrote the book

that started this great war!”

Underground Railroad• Began in late 1700s

• A vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to Canada and Mexico

• Largely supported by Quakers

• The homes and businesses where fugitives would rest were called "stations" and "depots" and were run by "stationmasters," those who contributed money or goods were "stockholders," and the "conductor" was responsible for moving fugitives from one station to the next.

Underground Railroad

Resistance to Abolitionism in the North

• Abolitionism was viewed as a radical idea even in the North before the Civil War

• Northern merchants worried it would hurt their trade with the South

• Laborers thought their jobs would be taken away by freed and escaped slaves

Resistance to Abolitionism in the South

• Most white Southerners are outraged by the abolitionist movement

• Speaking out against slavery became dangerous in the South– Gag rule in effect that prohibited antislavery

petitions from being read or acted upon by local government

Images of Slavery