Warmup

Pick up 1.03 Handout worksheet

Goal 1.03

Assess commercial and diplomatic relationships with

Britain, France, and other nations.

The French Revolution –1789

• At 1st, Americans supported revolution b/c it was like their own– Began to question the

bloody revolution

• France expected America to back them up because of the Franco-America Alliance of 1789– We promised to

support France in the event of war with England

• D-R support France– Honor alliance & still

bitter with England of abuses of colonists

• Federalists supported England– England was an key

trade partner – important for the success of American industry

• Washington declared neutrality (support neither side)– Continue to trade with

both countries

Jay’s Treaty –1794• British seized American ships destined for

France, despite America’s declaration of neutrality– The AOC signed a treaty w/France that was

getting the new US in trouble!– Almost brought us to war with Britain

• John Jay sent to Britain to find a solution– England doesn’t want to fight both France

& US, but knew US relied on England for trade!

• Allowed British to stay on American soil (trade)– Angered citizens

• Failed Treaty– Never settled dispute over shipping rights

in the Bahamas– British taking over American vessels

Battle of Fallen Timbers – 1794

• Native Americans never accepted Treaty of Paris & attacked settlers as they moved West– Supported by British in Great Lakes area

• US interests of moving West will cause constant problems with Native Americans

• Clashed with the Miami Confederacy & Little Turtle

• Miami Confederacy defeated in 1794 by Gen. “Mad Anthony” Wayne

• Ended Native American resistance in Ohio

Treaty of Greenville -1795

• Native Americans sold tribal land for $10,000– Underpaid for land –

this trend will continue throughout American expansion

• Opened Ohio territory to American settlers

Pinckney’s Treaty –1795• Treaty with Spain - Spain gave up all land east of

the Mississippi River - Not Florida

• Mississippi River open to American navigation

• America has the “right of deposit” at the Port of New Orleans

• 31st Parallel Southern border of USA

XYZ Affair

• What?– France seizing American

ships & sailors!!• Totally illegal –

they’re just mad because we remained neutral during their revolution

– US sends representatives to France to discuss issue

– 3 French ambassadors (X,Y,Z) want a bribe ($250,000) to even talk about the issue

• Result:– The Navy is created– 2 year undeclared

naval war with France• Quasi War with

France

Foreign Policy• As tensions between France &

England continued, Jefferson’s solution was the Embargo Act: it forbid trade with any other nation.–He was trying to end impressment

(capturing/kidnapping sailors).–The northeast was outraged- they

were losing lots of money!

• Eventually the act was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act which allowed trade with all foreign nations except France & England.

Jefferson’s Legacy

Wanted to decentralize gov’t. & make Presidency simpler, but expanded powers

of President & central gov’t.

James Madison

• In 1808 he takes office. • The election showed that

Democratic-Republicans could take office without complete anarchy occurring.

Hartford Convention

• a secret meeting of Federalist delegates from Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont, at Hartford, Conn., inspired by Federalist opposition to President James Madison’s mercantile policies and the War of 1812.

• The convention adopted a strong states rights position and expressed its grievances in a series of resolutions against military conscription and commercial regulations.

• News of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812, along with the secrecy of the Hartford proceedings, discredited the convention and its work.

• Its unpopularity was a factor in the demise of the Federalist Party

War Hawk

• A politician that felt the only answer to dealing with England or any other country is to go to war.

War of 1812

• Known as the 2nd Battle for Independence

• USA v. England (again)– Remember, England never accepted the fact

the we won our independence!

Causes of the War of 1812

• British impressment was hurting American industry & our economy

• British troops in NW Territory were supplying Native Americans with weapons– Native Americans using these

weapons against pioneer settlers – this ticks us off!

Problems with the War of 1812

• American military not ready for war

• Fighting goes back & forth in Canada

• British blockade US coast

• 8/24/1814: British burn capital in retaliation for Battle of York– Burned Gov’s. mansion

Treaty of Ghent, 1814• Officially ended the fighting between England &

USA– Armistice – end of fighting

1. Problems with the Treaty• Didn’t address issue of impressment or American

shipping rights– They could still prevent us from trading with other

European countries– Didn’t think they needed to deal with it, since the war

was already over -

• Since the treaty was signed in Belgium, word didn’t get back to the states for a few weeks…

Andrew Jackson• Tennessee General who became national hero

• Hated Native Americans

• Horseshoe Bend 3/1814: Slaughtered Creek

Battle of New Orleans-1815

– Jackson defeats superior British military

– High British casualties, few American– Occurred after Treaty of Ghent– If Jackson had not defended New

Orleans, the British would have taken the port & possibly disrupted American trade along the Mississippi River

– Sense of Patriotism and unity among US citizens.

Results of War

• Confirmed American independence

• Renewed American self-confidence– Rise in Nationalism – pride in one’s

country

• Proved the success of our new government

Peace at Last?

• Rush-Bagot Agreement 1817 limited # of warships in Great Lakes

• Northern boundary of Louisiana Purchase established at 49th Parallel– West to Rocky Mtns.

• Britain & US share ownership of Oregon Territory

Conclusion

• Our new government survived its first decade filled with uncertainty.• Whiskey Rebellion, controversy of National Bank, creation of political parties, foreign relations etc.• Tensions still remained between the different regions, which will continue to divide the country.• It was still uncertain if the nation would survive.

Washington’s Neutrality

ProclamationUS & all foreign

countries• The US will not get involved in the affairs of other nations

Jay’s Treaty US & England• American attempt to remove the British from the Old Northwest Territory & to stop British impressment of Americans in the Caribbean

• Failed Treaty!!

Alien and Sedition Acts

US & France• Attempt by John Adams (Federalist) to stop the growth of the Dem-Rep. Party• Makes it more difficult to become a US citizen• Can be jailed for opposing the gov’t.• Leads to the VA/KY Resolutions & the Theory of Nullification

XYZ Affair US & France• French diplomats want a bribe to talk with America concerning impressment (stealing of sailors)• US does not pay & we have a 2 year quasi naval war with France

Pinckney’s Treaty

US & Spain• US can navigate the Mississippi River & has “Right of Deposit” at the Port of New Orleans• Benefits farmers in the South & West!!

Louisiana Purchase

US & France• Doubles the size of the US• US owns Mississippi River & Port of New Orleans• Jefferson went against his belief in strict interpretation of the US Constitution

Embargo Act US & France & England

• Passed by President Jefferson in response to British & French impressment• Attempt to force England & France to honor American neutral shipping rights by refusing to trade with them• Failure!! Hurts the American economy!

Impressment US & France & England

• “Boat Bys” – Foreign powers take over American vessels & force sailors in their military!!

Chesapeake Incident

US & England• British warship fires upon an American ship, killing 3 Americans• Major cause of the War of 1812

Adams-Onis Treaty

US & Spain• US finally gets Florida from Spain

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0Kbn8hFT1Q

Complete worksheet War of 1812 by end of class.