WASH CLUSTER CLUSTER DEFENSE │ IRAQ 2016 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN

COORDINATOR: Annmarie Swai, UNICEF

CO-COORDINATOR: Melissa Adoum, ACF

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

2015 ACHIEVEMENTSFirst-Line Aim Immediate, life - saving and dignified WASH needs met for most vulnerable,

critically affected

Second-Line Aim

Continued, improved and more equitable access to basic, appropriate and dignified WASH reaching more vulnerable, critically affected

Full Response Aim

To ensure more sustainable, durable and equitable access to appropriate and dignified WASH services for the most vulnerable, critically affected

Indicator Baseline Target Achieved (by Sept 30)

Access to a sufficient safe water supply 946,754 2,870,457 2,599,921 (91%)

Access to functional latrines 173,564 880,188 492,395 (56%)

Access to hygiene supplies (items/kits) 779,885 1,410,376 1,037,984 (74%)

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

2016 NEEDS: IDPs Outside of Camps and Highly at-risk in Host Communities

Over 91% of IDPs, major increase in 2015

Difficult to reach (scatter), neglected, already vulnerable host communities

Subject to new, secondary, continuous and protracted displacement

Increased poverty, debt, reduced government allocations – conflict over resources.

WASH services already inadequate (public services), unsafe, unreliable, unaffordable

Need privacy, security, dignity for all users

Need to reinforce WASH facilities and services in schools, health

Need to reinforce, scale up emergency interventions; develop resilient services

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES SO1: Reaching host, IDP

communities with sequenced response as appropriate

SO2: Connection to Public Systems, Coordination with Local Authorities/Communities; WASH services in institutions;

SO4: Support to Public services (Institutional and communal level)

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS Country wide. Particularly severe in protracted (Dahuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Ninewa, Diyala) and new displacements (Anbar, Baghdad, Kirkuk, Salah al-Din)

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

2016 NEEDS: IDPs in Camps

WASH package for new camps

O&M : initiated, sustained or reinforced (households and institutions)

Replace, upgrade or expand facilities to meet standards; cater for new influxes (households and institutions)

Reinforce linkage with CCCM

Strengthen Community and Government management structures and handover

Stimulate ownership, proper use

Privacy, security, dignity for all users

Provision for winter and summer

Safely decommission old, outdated or unused facilities

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES• SO1: Reaching IDPs with appropriate

line response • SO2: meeting standards to ensure

dignity, empowerment of local management structures

• SO4: Ensure critical services are supported and retained

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS Initially in KRI, now huge increase in Ninewa, Diyala, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Anbar

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

2016 NEEDS: Highly at-risk in Difficult to Reach Areas

Highly mobile, smaller groups, scattered; access challenged by security

Require immediate, lifesaving WASH

Response should DO NO HARM and aim at reinforcing peoples’ dignity

Settlements are temporary or transitory – need efficient and cost-effectively delivery, systematic and safe decommissioning

Contingency capacity to respond is critical – dynamic numbers, mobile populations

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES SO1: Reaching as many as possible

with first-line response, building partnership with local organizations (NGOs, communities). Cash as an option

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS Anbar, Babylon, Erbil, Kirkuk, Ninewa, Salah al-Din

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

2016 NEEDS: Returnees and Newly Accessible People

With continued military operations and expressed willingness to return, caseload will increase in 2016

Service provision unstable, some infrastructure massively damaged

WASH systems require restoration, rehabilitation, and/or alternate energy supply until public electricity is restored

Capacity of authorities for O&M challenged by lack of financial and human resources, due to continued displacement

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES SO1: Addressing as possible within

first and second-line response, including “remainees”

SO3: Support the safe and voluntary returns, prepare for transition from Humanitarian to Stabilization phase

SO4: Ensure critical services in return areas are reactivated and supported in the short term, with clear transition

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk, Ninewa, Salah al Din

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

2016 NEEDS: Across all Caseloads

Solid waste management, safe desludging costly, unsustainable due to weak Government and system capacity

Safe final treatment and disposal of waste water not a national priority

Absence of reliable and safe WASH greatly increases vulnerability to disease and malnutrition eg: AWD, Cholera

Inadequate WASH puts women and children at particular risk of disease, violence, loss of dignity

Pressure on environmental resources in drought-prone, high density areas. Extreme weather brings additional needs

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

OVERVIEW OF 2016 PROJECTS AND REQUIREMENTSOriginal Value of all submissions (USD): $124,011,505

Value of Recommended Portfolio (USD): $84,958,227 *

Original Number of projects: 50

# of Projects in Recommended Portfolio: 30 *

# of Total Partners in portfolio: 30

# of National Partners in portfolio: 4 (+3) *

# People Targeted: 3,101,364 *

In # of Governorates: 18

%age of Projects with Gender Marker Code of 2 (a or b): 100% (2a)

%age of Projects in KR-I: 16% totally; 57% partially

%age of Portfolio Budget in KR-I: 36.7% *

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED

IDPS, IN CAMPS

IDPS, NON-CAMPS

HOST COMMUNITY

HARD TO REACH RETURNEES REFUGEES TOTAL

CURRENT NUMBER IN NEED

267,516 2,924,790 3,197,052 3,056,651 374,244 247,352 10,067,605 51% W/47% C

PROJECTED UNTIL END 2016

270,000 3,500,000 3,200,000 3,000,000 800,000 250,000 11,020,000 50% W/47%C

CRITICALLY NEED OF WASH

270,000 1,569,701 2,665,044 500,000 400,000 250,000 5,652,261 51% W/46%C

TARGETED FOR ASSISTANCE

270,000 1,078,345 893,313 492,943 369,247 171,148 3,274,996 51% W/46%C

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

PEOPLE IN NEED AND TARGETED• Based on DTM (August 2015), OCHA data; HNO analysis

(September 2015).

• Severity calculation based on:

- # of IDPs indicating Water and Sanitation/Hygiene as primary need

- # of IDPs in critical shelter conditions

- % of IDP population within population

- Qualitative adjustment for districts with severe conflict risk, highly populated etc.

IDPs in camps

8%

IDPs outside camps31%

Host Communi-ties23%

Hard-to-reach19%

Returnees11%

Refugees8%

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

WHOLE OF IRAQ FOCUSCluster Goal: provide a sequenced, comprehensive package of WASH services to emergency affected people in critical need across Iraq in support of the 2016 HRP strategic objectives

Cluster Objectives:

1. Most vulnerable, emergency affected girls, boys, men and women have timely, equitable and sustainable access to a sufficient quantity of safe drinking and domestic water

2. Most vulnerable, emergency affected girls, boys, men and women have equitable access to gender and culturally appropriate sanitation and live in a healthy, hygienic environment

3. Most vulnerable, emergency affected girls, boys, men and women have equitable access to appropriate, core hygiene items, practice good personal and environmental hygiene

SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5

50% 10% 10% 30% 0%

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

WHOLE OF IRAQ FOCUS

CLUSTER SYNERGIES

• Health - public health, institutions• Education and Child Protection – focus

on children, in schools and CFS• Shelter - coordinated planning and

strengthened infrastructure • CCCM – O&M, monitoring

Response IN CAMPS OUTSIDE OF CAMPS HOST COMMUNITIESDIFFICULT TO REACH

AREASRETURNEES

1st line SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO3

2nd line SO1 SO4 SO1 SO4 SO1 SO4 SO1 SO3 SO4

Full SO1 SO2 SO4 SO1 SO2 SO4 SO1 SO2 SO4

INST

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LDS

Level

LINKAGE WASH CLUSTER STRATEGY TO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

• Livelihoods and Multi Purpose Cash assistance – contribute to regain dignity and stimulate local economy

• Social-cohesion: conflict prevention interventions, supporting host and remainees

• Site-specific multi-cluster perspective

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

WHOLE OF IRAQ FOCUS Prioritized targeting using adapted, efficient, appropriate response mechanisms

Provide rapid, timely humanitarian assistance country wide through:- First line WASH response, with stronger link to RRM- Prepositioning contingency stocks, capacities (cholera, displacements, sudden onset

emergencies)- Supporting, deploying quick, mobile gap-filling teams

Prefer cash or voucher modalities, with WASH cluster and inter-cluster guidance

Prioritize integrated interventions to increase impact and coverage

For hard-to-reach populations: - Work through and with local NGOs and Authorities, Community and Religious Leaders- Provide tailored capacity building for targeted local partners- Invest in community-based resources and skills, empowering affected communities

themselves- Support local government service provision, including multi-Governorate projects.

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

PROTECTION MAINSTREAMING Build capacity of WASH service providers to mainstream protection in the response:

- Cultivate a privileged link with Protection Cluster (GBV “Buddy”)- Widely share specific guidelines, tools, context-specific experiences.- Organize training on protection mainstreaming for WASH field teams- Ensure as a Cluster Standard that interventions are developed in consultation with

affected people, address specific needs and ensure impartial assistance (elderly, PLWD, Gender, Culture), target most vulnerable limiting marginalization and social tensions;

Avoid exposing people to further harm:

- Ensure as a Cluster Standard quality, safe facilities (lighting, locks, privacy, gender segregation) and integration of “Do No Harm Approaches”

- Enable capacity to monitor, address quality, safety issues through WASH Committees

Assist people claim their rights:

- Train service providers, hygiene promoters, WASH committees to link affected populations to available complains mechanisms and protection referral pathways.

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

ACCOUNTABILITY TO AFFECTED POPULATIONS Use community-based resources (WASH committees, community-based monitoring

groups) in roles where they can affect decisions, therefore effectively and significantly involving the affected population at all levels of the response

Ensure two way communication to affected population during implementation (assessments, selection criteria, implementation approaches) strategy development (targets, minimum standards) so that they can give feedback, make informed decisions.

Enhance promotion of established UNOPS Call Center

Pilot, support local complementary complains mechanisms, based on preferred communication means of the communities and site-specific information.

IRAQ 2015 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

MINIMUM PACKAGEAddress arising, and meet continued, critical, specific needs of targeted caseloads for:

Safe, sustained, equitable access to a sufficient quantity of water to meet basic drinking, domestic and personal hygiene needs, accounting for seasonal water needs

Adequate, safe and appropriate (culturally and gender and age sensitive) sanitation and waste management to ensure a healthy living environment

Critical hygiene items, promoting use to ensure personal hygiene, health, dignity, well-being

Considers:

Cluster Minimum Humanitarian Standards Immediate life-saving services, rehabilitation of essential infrastructures,

minimising long term O&M costs, building capacity of primary service providers and local resources

Contribution to reducing social tensions, placing AAP at centre of response Enabling those most at risk to realise basic rights (to water and education),

safeguard health, protection Advocacy on key issues

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

SEQUENCED RESPONSEFIRST-LINE RESPONSE

Ensure immediate, life - saving, dignified access to WASH: Provide timely, urgent interventions to ensure basic, safe, critical service provision• All caseloads: Initial step in sequenced response, or only possible response in different areas• 0 to 3 months from onset of emergency

FIRST-LINE RESPONSE—EXAMPLES OF KEY ACTIVITIES• Preposition contingency supplies

• Conduct Rapid Needs Assessments and systematic PDM (involve, give feed back to affected populations)

• Promote Call center and establish complimentary basic complain mechanisms

• Distribute safe water (bottles, tankering); ensure water quality (chlorine, HWTS); install emergency water distribution systems

• Provide mobile/reusable or install sanitation facilities; waste collection items; set-up waste collection mechanisms: quick protection, and decommissioning if possible, of unused facilities

• Distribute critical hygiene items; disseminate key hygiene messages with basic IEC material

• Provide first line services in Schools, CFS, Health facilities

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

SEQUENCED RESPONSESECOND-LINE RESPONSE

Ensure continued, improved, more equitable and dignified access to appropriate WASH: Improve coverage, meet basic standards, O&M and sustain services• IDPs in camps; Outside camps; Host Communities; Returnees/Newly Accessible • 0 to 9 months within response

SECOND-LINE RESPONSE—EXAMPLES OF KEY ACTIVITIES• Assess, analyze WASH situation, discuss results with communities, refine response

• Develop, empower local community/authorities response capacity

• Reinforce, systematize, regularize community feedback mechanisms, ensure follow up

• Quick fix restoration, improvement of water supply systems, provide supplies (pumps, generators), consumables and fuel; support water quality assurance

• Quick fix restoration, repair, expansion of sanitation systems; recruit waste collectors; support municipal waste collection services, ensure safe final treatment and disposal of waste

• Hygiene promotion through community structures; promote hygiene, resource conservation, appropriate usage; provide cash, hygiene vouchers or basic hygiene items

• Enhance WASH services in institutions

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

SEQUENCED RESPONSEFULL-CLUSTER RESPONSE

Ensure more sustainable, durable and equitable access to WASH services : Ensure quality services, humanitarian standards, sustained provision and O&M• IDPs in camps, Outside of camps, highly at Risk in Host Communities• 0 to 12 months within the response (as early as possible)

FULL-CLUSTER RESPONSE—EXAMPLES OF KEY ACTIVITIES• Assess and monitor WASH needs, services, resources; evaluate impact of response• Handover service provision and O&M to government, community, stabilization or

development actors, share and promote lessons learned• Medium scale restoration, extension, of water systems and sources; connect users to existing

facilities or public networks• Medium scale restoration, extension, of sanitation systems; piloting of final waste disposal

options, share results; • Promote environmental hygiene, resource conservation, O&M of facilities; Provide cash,

hygiene vouchers or items• Safe decommissioning of outdated, old, unused facilities• Support duty bearers to support ad sustain WASH services in institutions

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

EXIT STRATEGY Community engagement in service provision through WASH committees and users’

groups, including training in O&M, aiming at ultimately assume responsibility for management and delivery of community level services

Developing appropriate facilities at acceptable cost, easing O&M aiming at self-manage WASH services with reduced support from CCCM and WASH agencies.

Establishing partnerships with national NGOs, strengthening their capacity to continue, expand and scale-up WASH service delivery as autonomously as possible.

Building stronger linkages between Government and Stabilization and Development partners

Prepare hand-over to authorities

IRAQ 2016 HRP │ CLUSTER DEFENSES

Q&A