18
Graveyard of Investments – peri urban Hyderabad
The waste cycle...
19791979 19861986 1991199119881988 20032003199819981983198319801980 20072007
Open well
Open well
First Hand pumps
(2)
First Hand pumps
(2)
3rd
Hand pump3rd
Hand pump
1st bore wellElectric
Motor & 1stDist. system
1st bore wellElectric
Motor & 1stDist. system
6 handpumps6 handpumps
2 handPumps &Bore well
2 handPumps &Bore well
1 Bore well
1 Bore well
2 Borewell 2 Electric
Motors & newDist. system
2 Borewell 2 Electric
Motors & newDist. system
2nd pipedwater supply
systemconstructed
2nd pipedwater supply
systemconstructed
19821982
4th Hand pump
4th Hand pump
19871987
2 handpumps2 handpumps
19891989
1 handpumps1 handpumps
19931993
1 Borewell & Electric
motor
1 Borewell & Electric
motor
1 Bore well &
Electric motor
1 Bore well &
Electric motor
20002000 20042004 20052005
1 Bore well &
Electric motor
1 Bore well &
Electric motor
2 Borewell 2 Electric
Motors & newDist. system
2 Borewell 2 Electric
Motors & newDist. system
2 Borewell 2 Electric
Motors & newDist. system
2 Borewell 2 Electric
Motors & newDist. system
Facts 1
Coverage of drinking water and sanitation in Rural India
Source: Government of Uganda, 2008
Facts 2
Disaggregated Life Cycle Costs
Capital Expenditure Labour Material Total Min Max nTraditional latrine $ 7 $ 14 $ 21 0 $ 185 84
Slab latrine $ 8 $ 28 $ 35 $ 1 $ 217 30
VIP $ 31 $73 $ 110 $ 24 $ 217 12
System with septic tank $ 67 $ 156 $ 202 $ 12 $ 375 36
Institutional latrine blocks $ 2,931 $ 3,097 $ 3,623 13
Operational Expenditures $/Year nTraditional latrine $ 12 9
Slab latrine $ 24 10
VIP $ 13 6
System with septic tank $ 67 2
Institutional latrine blocks 3
CapEX and OpEx latrines Mozambique
Technology Total Capital Expenditure
% of CapEx by HH
Total Capital Maintenance Expenditure
TotalOpEx
% of OpEx by HH
Direct pumping 376 41% 0 1 0
Mini piped supply 320 15% 14 81 98%
Single village scheme 358 14% 6 103 93%
Multi village scheme 477 12% 34 60 52%
CapEx, CapManEx, OpEx – Andra Pradesh
Costing services provided - sanitation
The old toilet was full and smelled
bad
Only my mother and my sisters use this
toilet
The toilet is cleaned
everyday and its nice and fresh in here
This is the new toilet
of my family
Comparing costs per service levels - sanitation
All household members have immediate access to and use at all times a convenient, private, safe, robust, secure sanitation facility which seals against flies and bad odours, as well as immediate access to hand, anal and latrine cleansing facilities with soap, with routine O&M, and there is positive environmental impact, e.g. productive re-use of safe by-products.
All households members have easy access at all times and use a convenient, private, safe, robust facility which seals against flies and bad odours, has nearby handwashing facilities, regular O&M, and there is non-problematic environmental impact or safe disposal of sludge
All household members have reasonable access to and use a safe, relatively robust, private facility, available handwashing facilities, weak maintenance provisions, and non problematic environmental impact or safe disposal of sludge.
A platform separates the user from faeces, and there is significant environmental pollution increasing with population density.
There is no separation between the user and faeces, e.g. open defecation, and there is significant environmental pollution increasing with population density.
The WASHCost Sanitation Service Ladder
I will need 2
containers to get 20
litres
The water quality
tests gave good
results
We only get water
in the morning
Costing services provided - water
It takes me one hour to
get here everyday
Comparing costs per service levels - water
The WASHCost Water Service Ladder
High service: people access a minimum of 60l/c/d of high quality
water on demand
Intermediate service: people access a minimum of 40l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day
Basic service: people access a minimum of 20l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day
Sub-standard service: people access a service that is an improvement on having no service at all, but fails to meet the basic standard on one or more criteria
No service: people access water from insecure or unimproved sources, or sources that are too distant, time consuming or are of poor quality
Preliminary data from Mozambique
The aim of WASHCost
Thank you
Papers and data available:
www.washcost.info
