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MLA Style Sheet and Writing GuideA Guide for Documenting Research

Washington Township High School IMC2016 - 2017

September 2016

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Writing Guide and MLA Style SheetTable of Contents

Purpose of the Manual...................................................................................2

Works Cited Format.......................................................................................2

Sources Using One Container.........................................................4

Books.....................................................................................4-5

Periodicals..............................................................................6

Other Common Sources.........................................................7

Online Sources………………………………………………7-8

Sources Using Two Containers…………………………………....9

E Books...................................................................................10

Online Sources........................................................................10-11

IMC Databases……………………………………………….11-13

Documenting Sources....................................................................................14

Note Cards.....................................................................................................14-15

Parenthetical Citations...................................................................................16-17

Quotations......................................................................................................18

Structure of the Paper.....................................................................................19

Typing the Paper..........................................................................................21

Addendum

Helpful Hints......................................................................................22

Commonly Misused Words...............................................................23

Transitions..........................................................................................24

Plagiarism and Copyright..................................................................25

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Purpose of the Research Paper Manual

The purpose of the Washington Township High School IMC’s research paper manual is to provide all students and teachers with a concise and consistent guide to research that can be used in all classes and with all grade levels.This manual is based on instructional materials prepared by the high school librarians and English teachers and MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 8th edition, MLA, 2016.

General Rules for Works Cited Entries

In any source citation, there are core elements that appear in most works. Identify these elements by using this chart from the MLA Handbook

A container is the larger part of a source citation. It is the book, journal, web site, television show, CD, DVD.

TIPS: Use these to format your Works Cited Page

Periods are used after the first two entries (Author and Title) in the citation

and at the end of the source citation. All of the other elements use a comma.

Online sources require the URL without the http or better yet the DOI (digital object

identifier).

Write out editor, translator, edited by, and review of

Double space entries.

Begin the first line at the margin and use hanging indent to indent subsequent lines.

Place entries in alphabetical order by the author’s or editor’s last name; no author cite

by title.

Italicize the names of books, magazines, newspapers, journals, web sites and databases.

Put titles of articles, essays, and short stories, and poems in quotation marks.

Dates are written as day month year (6 Aug. 2016); abbreviate the names of the months

except for May, June and July.

Abbreviations for Editions: 2nd ed., 3rd ed., rev. ed. (revised edition), abr. ed.

(abbreviated edition), supp. (supplement), supp. II, pt. 1 (supplement and part)

Omit business abbreviations (Co., Corp., Inc., Ltd), University Press use the abbreviation

UP and University use U

No Page Numbers for electronic sources, Internet and Databases.

Container

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The Exception are PDF Formats use page numbers and e books use chapter numbers

Sample Works Cited

Bloom, Harold, editor. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Salem, 1999.

_ _ _. “Seniors and the Term Paper.” Time, 17 Feb. 2016, p. 18.

Landsburg, Steven E. “Who Shall Inherit the Earth?” Slate, 1 May 2016,

www.late.com/articles/arts/everyday_economics/1997/05/who_shall_inheritthe_earth.htm.

Neubauer, Carol. “Displacement and Autobiographical Style in Maya Angelou.” Black

American Literature Forum. vol. 17, no. 2, 1983, pp. 123-9. Literature Resource Center,

go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE

%7CH1420033955&v=2.1&u=sewe85726&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w&asid=11d4764f8d1af6

a16d71335b1bcbde88.

Thomas, Jay. Critical Review of Phenomenal Woman. Edited by Harold Bloom, Albans, 1997.

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Sample Format for Citing Print Publications

Identify the key elements of your source by using this chart from the MLA HandbookThis chart can be used to format a book, magazine, journal, newspaper, film, CD, blog, or web site that is located in one container.

The author, Richard Prichard wrote a book called Lives of Modern Poets which was edited by

Harold Bloom and published by Albans in 2012

Prichard, Richard. Lives of Modern Poets. Edited by Harold Bloom,

Albans, 2012.

Prichard, Richard.

Lives of Modern Poets.

Edited by Harold Bloom,

Albans, 2012.

Sources in One ContainerFormat for Books

Book with 1 Author:Gerber, Phil. Robert Frost. Chelsea, 1999.

Book with 2 Authors:Smith, Ann, and Barbara Jones. Exploring Literature. Temple UP,

1999.

Book with 3 or more Authors:Schmo, Joseph, et al. Exploring Design. 2nd ed., Chelsea, 1987.

Use This Chart for a Source with one Container

One Container

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Book with an editor:

Bloom, Harold, editor. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Salem, 1988.

Book with 2 editors:

Napierkowski, Marie Rose, and Mary K. Ruby, editors. Poetry for Students. vol. 3, Gale, 1998.

Book with an editor and author:

Prichard, Richard. Lives of Modern Poets. Edited by Harold Bloom,

Albans, 2012.

Book with an edition:

Magill, Frank N., editor. Contemporary Poets. 2nd ed., St. James, 1994.

Book using only 1 volume in the Series

Smith, Valerie, editor. African American Writers. 2nd ed., vol. 2, Charles Scribner’s, 2001.

Work in an Anthology:

Eckley, Grace. “Ray Bradbury.” Contemporary Science Fiction,

vol. 1, edited by Frank N. Magill, Salem, 1997, pp. 124-30.

Book or Essay in a Book with No Author:

“Dracula.” Novels for Students, edited by David Galens, vol. 18, Gale, 2003, p. 27.

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Periodicals(Newspapers, Magazines, and Scholarly Journals)

Finn, Ann.Kate O’Brien: The Feminist James Joyce.Irish Literature Review,

vol. 42, no. 7,

Spring 2007,

Finn, Ann. “Kate O’Brien: The Feminist James Joyce.” Irish Literature Review, vol. 42, no.

7, Spring 2007, pp. 5-10.

Article in a Newspaper:Lyons, Bill. “Philadelphia Sports.” The Inquirer, 12 Feb. 2015, late ed., p. F1.

Weekly Magazine:Gilligan, Kim. “Health and Fitness.” Sports Illustrated, 21 Mar. 2008, p. 18.

Monthly Magazine:Callaway, Rob. “Bowling is Fun.” Entertainment Today, June 2008, p. 64.

Article with No Author:“The Fabulous Decade.” Time, 10 Jan. 1996, pp. 12-14.

Scholarly (Peer-Reviewed Journal) :Finn, Ann. “Kate O’Brien: The Feminist James Joyce.” Irish Literature Review, vol. 42, no.

7, Spring 2007, pp. 5-10.

Container

pp.5-10.

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Citing Other Common Sources in One Container

Radio Program:“The Music Hour.” Narrated by Joan O’Brien, National Public Radio, WUMM, Weekend

edition, Sunday, 25 Jan. 2015.

Television Show:Pretty Little Liars. Created by Marlene King, performance by Ashley Benson, ABC Family,

2010-2016.

DVD:It’s a Wonderful Life. 1946. Directed by Frank Capra, performance by James Stewart, Donna

Reed, and Lionel Barrymore, Republic, 1984, disc. 1.

Painting, Sculpture or Photograph”Da Vinci, Leonardo. Mona Lisa. 1420, The Louvre, Paris, Art History, edited by Harold Jansen,

Lippincott, 2015.

Song from a CD:Perry, Katie. “California Girls.” Teenage Dreams, Capital Records, 2010.

Audio (Sound) Recording:Meyer, Stephanie. Twilight. Narrated by John Simon, Atlantic, 2007.

Sample Format for Online Sources in One Container

Web Page with No Author:“Chernobyl Accident 1986.” World Nuclear Organization, 2016, www.world-

nuclear.org/information-library.

Web Page with an Author:Jones, Grace. Rainbows. 2016, www.rainbows.com.

Database in 1 Container:Bagby, George F. “Frost and the Book of Nature.” Bloom’s Literature, fofweb.com/Lit/asp.

YouTube Video:“Library Orientation.” YouTube, Uploaded by Natalie Ricevuto, 7 June 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?V=dpv19dUwr_A.

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Song on the Web:Beyonce. “Pretty Hurts.” Beyonce, Entertainment, 2013, www.beyonce_mediaworld.

Twitter:@wthsimc. “A library is your past, present, and future.” Twitter, 8 June 2016, 6:35 p.m.,

twitter.com/WTHSIMC.

Email:Schmo, Joe. “Re: Research.” Received by Mickey Mouse, 31 Mar. 2016.

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Sources Using Two Containers

Electronic Sources

Sources of information can be found in a variety of formats. For example, you can read a newspaper article in a print version (1st container) or you can find the same newspaper article as an online version (2nd container). So you have to combine the information formatted for the 1st container with the 2nd container’s information.

For example:

The critic William Alstair wrote an essay on the "The Sun Also Rises." This is contained in the book, Novels for Students; however, this essay was located using the database Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Alstair, William. “The Sun Also Rises.” Novels for Students, edited by Rose Napiekowski, vol.

5, Gale, 2012, pp. 324-48, Gale Virtual Reference Library,

.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%.

Container 1 Original Source 2nd Container

Alstair, William GVRL

“The Sun Also Rises.”

Novels for Students,

RoseNapiekowski,

5, Gale

2012,

pp. 324-48. www.gale.com

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Use these as Models for Electronic Sources Using a 2nd Container

Web SiteWeb Site in Two Containers“Vesuvius.” Volcanos, Volcano World, 2016. volcano.oregonstate.edu/.

e books:Butcher, Kristin. Zee’s Way. Orca, 2004. Follett e books, destiny/

wtps.org/.

Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Raven.” The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, vol. 1, Project Gutenberg,

gutenberg.org/ebooks/2147.

Whittier, John. “A Prayer.” The Freedmen’s Book, edited by L. Maria Child, 1866, p. 178.

Google Book, books.google.com/.

Online Radio Program“The Music Hour.” Narrated by Joan O’Brien, National Public Radio, weekend ed.,

WUMM, 25 Jan. 2015. NPR, www.npr.org..

Online Television ProgramPretty Little Liars. Created by Marlene King, performance by

Ashley Benson, ABC Family, 2010-2016. Hulu, www.hulu.com.

Online MovieIt’s a Wonderful Life. Directed by Frank Capra, performance by James Stewart, Donna Reed,

and Lionel Barrymore, Republic, 1984. Teacher Tube, teachertube.edu/film/wonderful.

Online SongPerry, Katie. “Last Friday Night.” T.G.I., Capital Records, 2011. iTunes,

www.apple.com/itunes/.

Online Audio (Book) Meyer, Stephanie. Twilight. Narrated by John Simon, Atlantic, 2007. Amazon,

www.amazon.com/twilight.

Online Sound FileWilliams, Sam. “1001 Friends.” Soundzabound. Soundzabound Music Library,

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www.soundzabound.com/.

Online Magazines and Newspapers

Article from an Online NewspaperLyons, Bill. “Philadelphia Sports.” The Inquirer, 12 Feb. 2015, late

ed. Philly News, www.flyers.phillynews.com.

Weekly Online MagazineGilligan, Kim. “Health and Fitness.” Sports Illustrated, 21 Mar. 2008. Masterfile Elite,

www.fitnessmagazine.org.

Monthly Online MagazineCallaway, Rob. “Bowling is Fun.” Entertainment Today, June 2008. MAS,

www.bowling/entertainment.com.

Blogs and Podcasts

BlogSmith, John. “It Begins.” A Brave New World. CNN, 27 May 2011, itbeginsbrave.org.

PodcastMeyer, Stephanie. “The Making of Twilight.” Hosted by Lauren Anderson, Teen Reads Podcasts, ALA, 13 Apr. 2007, www.ala.org/podcast/twilight.

Examples from the IMC DatabasesUse these as models for the databases located in a 2nd Container

Ferguson Career Guidance Center Database:Ebert, Jerry. “Dairy Inspector.” Ferguson’s Career Guidance Center, Facts on

File, 2016. Ferguson’s Career Guidance Center, fcg.infobase.com/recordurl.

Gale Biography in Context Database:“George Washington.” Historic World Leaders. Gale, 2015. Gale Biography in Context,

ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/Bio.

Gale Opposing Viewpoints Database:Carlson, Peggy. “Animal Experimentation is Unjustified.” Current Controversies: The Rights

of Animals, edited Tamara Roelff, Greenhaven, 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints

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In Context, ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic.

Artemis Database:French, Warren. “J. D. Salinger: Overview.” Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd ed.,

edited by Jim Kamp, St. James, 1994. Artemis, go.galegroup.com/ps/start.do.

Bloom’s Literature Database:Kerr, Christine. "The Catcher in the Rye." Bloom's How to Write about J. D. Salinger,

Chelsea House, 2007. Bloom's Literature, www.fofweb.com/adtive link2=true.

Quoted InGeorge F. Frost and the Stopping. Edited by Earl J. Wilcox and Jonathan Smith,

U of Missouri, 2000, pp. 123–31. Quoted.in “The Echo of Frost's Woods. " Edited by

Harold Bloom, Robert Frost: Bloom's Modern Critical Views, Chelsea House, 2010. Bloom's

Literature, fofweb.com/Lit/default.asp.

Facts on File Databases Helmer, Diana Star. "Paul, Alice." Women Suffragists: American Profiles, Facts on

File, 1998. American History Online, online.infobase.com/hrc/search/details/165192?q=alice

paul.

Gale Virtual Reference Library:"The Sun Also Rises." Novels for Students, edited by Marie Rose Napierkowski, vol. 5, Gale,

1999, pp. 324-348. Gale Virtual Reference Library, galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GAL.

Literary Reference Center (Ebsco) Database:Smith, John. “The Road Not Taken.” Masterplots II: Poetry Series, rev. 3rd ed., Salem, 2007.

Literary Reference Center, web.b.ebscohost.com/lrc/results?sid=6a39b2a8.

Literature Resource Center (Gale) Database:Scholarly Journal

Oates, Joyce Carol. “The Death Throes of Romanticism.” The Southern Review, vol. 10, no. 3,

Fall 1998, pp. 501-2. Literature Resource Center, gogale/id=lit.

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Health Reference Center Database:Adamec, Christine, and William A. Petit. “Diabetes Mellitus.” The Encyclopedia of Diabetes,

2nd ed., Facts On File, 2011. Health Reference Center,

online.infobase.com/hrc/learningcenter/details/11?articleid=126701.

Teen Health and Wellness Database:Baish, Vanessa. “Cliques.” Teen Health and Wellness, www.teenhealthandwellness.com/.

.

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Documenting Sources

A Works Consulted page and Source Cards list all the books, magazines articles, databases and Internet sites that you found in your preliminary survey of materials available on your topic.

The Purpose of Source Cards or Works Consulted Page is to keep you organized assist you in writing your Works Cited list

Copy the source citation information into a Word document. Follow the guidelines of this manual for proper formatting.

E Note Cards

E Note Cards are an organization tool for the information you discover during your research and require a citation for each note.

You will need a note card for quotations, an author’s ideas, statistics, graphs and charts. Put quotation marks around material that is copied word for word. If you find the information in 3 or more sources and put it in your own words, it is

common knowledge and doesn’t require that you document the source. It will be difficult during the early stages of reading and taking notes to determine what common knowledge is, so if you write it on a note card, give the source.

Organization of e Note Cards

MLA does not require a specific format for note cards, it is left to the discretion of the teacher, but the WTHS Style Guide recommends using one of these formats:

Note Card– Citing by Author

Theme

Wright believes that Brooks’ use of “the black dialect rings true in her poetry and reveals the voice and attitude of young African Americans”

(Wright ).

Explanation of the Parts of the Note Card

Label - The label is the topic. You will arrange your cards according to their labels before you write your paper.

Label

Notequotation

SourceAuthor’s last name

Note

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Note – This can be a quotation, a summary, or a paraphrase from a book, a magazine article, an online database, or the Internet. This is the information that you will use to write your paper. Be sensible about note taking. You will have more cards than you need to write your paper, but do not take down every detail and do not duplicate material.

Page Number – The exact page number where you found the citation should be noted on the card. Keep in mind that online databases and the Internet do not have page numbers.

Source –where you found your information. It is always enclosed in parentheses. Print sources use the author’s last name and page number. If there is no author, use an

abbreviated title. Electronic sources format the same as print sources, but usually there are no pages

numbersTypes of Note Cards – Quotation, Summary and Paraphrased

Quotation Note CardsPut “quotation marks” around material that you copy word for word. When quoting a source that uses quotation marks, change the author’s double quotation marks to single quotation marks.All quotation note cards require a source.

According to Harold Bloom, “‘the essence of The Great Gatsby is double vision’” (25).

Quoting PoetryPut the lines of poetry in quotation marks. You may use two or three lines of poetry by separating each line with a slash (/).

Langston Hughes describes the realities of life in “A Dream Deferred”: “What happens to a dream deferred? / Does in dry up like a raisin in the sun? / Or fester like a sore?” (10).

If you are incorporating a quoted question and a parenthetical citation, the question mark is followed by the quotation mark and then the parenthetical citation, which ends with a period.Tips:

If you are going to alter the quote by adding your own thoughts, use brackets [ ] around your words.

If you are going to omit words or sentences from the quoted material, use ellipsis points

Words – use 3 dots … Sentences – use 4 dots ….“Dickens was a keen observer of life…he showed sympathy for the poor” (Magill 27).

Summary Note CardsA summary captures the key ideas of an author in a few words.

Paraphrasing Note Cards

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Paraphrased note cards require a source on the cardThis is a restatement in your own words of the thoughts and ideas of a writer. Usually paraphrased material is written in about the same number of words as the original.

When paraphrasing, read the material. Then close the book before you write the note card.

Parenthetical Citations

The purpose of a parenthetical citation or in-text documentation is to document where you found your information. You give credit to the authors for using their words. You must use a parenthetical citation for quotations, ideas that are not common knowledge, statistics, figures, charts or graphs.

Parenthetical citations should be brief and should not interfere with the presentation of your paper.

Do not use back-to-back parenthetical citations; each citation should be followed by your own ideas, explanations, or analysis.

Parenthetical citations refer the reader to your Works Cited page at the end of your paper.

Helpful Hints for Writing Parenthetical Citations: As a general rule, the punctuation is placed after the parenthetical citation. The

exceptions to the rule are long quotations, exclamation points, and question marks. Whenever possible, try to incorporate the author’s name within the text. If you do

this, only the page number (if a print source) needs to be included in the parenthetical citation.

If using two or more works by the same author, try to incorporate the title of the article or name of the book into the sentence and just give the author’s name and page number in the parenthetical citation.

Online databases and the Internet do not have page numbers. The numbers on your hard copy are numbers placed there by the printer. There are two exceptions when using:

o An online source with a PDF format, usw page numbers.to cite the information. o An e books use chapter numbers (ch. 2) to cite the information.

Books with 1 Author or Editor - (Magill 220).

Book with 2 Authors or Editors - (Taves and Meade 155).

Two or More Works by the Same Author(Bloom, Survey 110).(Bloom, Critical 227).

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Use a shortened title to distinguish between the two books.Put a comma between the author or editor’s name and the title and italicize the shortened title.

Using 2 or more Volumes of a Multivolume Work (Wellek 5: 7). (Author/ Editor’s last name Volume: page number)*Use a colon to separate the volume and the page number

Citing By Title – No Author is given(“Robert Frost” 10) - this is an essay in an anthology(Salinger 10) – this is a bookUse an abbreviated title or if the title is brief, use the full title

Article titles are put in “quotes” while book titles are italicized

Online Database (or web source) with One Author (Schmo).

Online Database (or web source) with No Author and Same Title of Article

(“F. Scott Fitzgerald,” Literature). - use the name of the database

Citing by chapterHemingway ch. 4).

Using One Source on a Page or in a Paragraph

If you are using information from one source in a section of your paper and the next parenthetical citation without ellipsis is from the same source, follow this format:

For the first parenthetical citations use the author/editor’s name and the page number(Magill’s Survey 20).Then, just use the page numbers for the other information: (25).

If you use ellipsis, then format as follows: (Jones 120, 127) The page number refers to each quote

QuotationBrief Quotes

These are quotations incorporated in the text and using quotation marks. The period is placed after the parenthetical citation and not inside the quotation mark.

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Example:

Shelley thought poets “the unacknowledged legislators of the world” (Magill 2001).

Long QuoteIf your quote is more than three or four lines, set it off from the rest of the text in your paper by beginning a new line, indenting 1 inch (10 spaces or 2 tabs), and typing it in double space without quotation marks. Use a colon (:) at the end of the sentence that begins the long quote. The parenthetical citation is placed after the period.

Example:

At this point, the creature has wrecked havoc on the villagers, and this causes Dr. Frankenstein

to wonder: How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe or how delineate the wretch

whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to form. I cannot

understand what could have caused the catastrophe that altered everything.

(Shelley 43)

Structure of a Research Paper or Essay

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All essays and research papers consist of three parts: an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

The Introduction is the first paragraph and is a general statement about the topic. Provides the main arguments of the paper and concludes with the thesis statement. Thesis statement is the last sentence of the Introduction and is a strong statement that

you can prove. It is the controlling idea of the research and is a map to the route the research will follow. The thesis is specific and expresses one major idea about the subject.

The Body is where the evidence to prove the thesis is presented. The information in the body paragraphs support or prove the thesis statement. The supporting information can be analysis, argument, evaluation, persuasion and

comparison/contrast. *All support for your thesis, whether quoted or paraphrased, must be cited in your paper.

The Conclusion is the last paragraph of the paper and summarizes how your paper proved the thesis; no new information is given in this paragraph.

Catchy/Interesting openingBackground/General statements about the topicThesis Statement

Topic Sentence (Main point) Supporting details Supporting details Supporting detailsClincher sentence*Transitions used throughout body

Restate the thesis statement Summary of the main points used to prove thesis

Typing the Research Paper

Introduction

Body paragraphs

Conclusion

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Font – Change to Times New Roman, 12 pt. font. [Note: The default is Calibri, 11 pt.]

Spacing - Double Space the Paper Click on Paragraph, change Line Spacing to ‘Double’ Be sure to change the Spacing “Before” and “After” to 0 pt. [Note: The default is set for 10pt. next to “After.”)

Spacing After Punctuation Marks – Can use 1 or 2 spaces after a punctuation mark.

Hanging Indents –Click on Paragraph, then next to Indentation, change the Special to Hanging. This will format your Works Cited correctly.

Margins - Use 1” margins – Click on Page Layout, click on Margins, and chose Normal.

Header - Insert a Header of ½ “ (0.5) from the top of the paper and align on the right; the header includes your last name and the page number

Inserting a Header in Microsoft Word

Click on the Insert Tab, Page, Choose Top, and Plain number 3. Put your cursor in front of the page number and type your nameUnder the Design Tab, put a check mark in the box “Different first page” (This will remove the header from the first page of the paper.)Click on Close Header/Footer.

Heading—identifies the paper Place it on the left side of the page and include your name, your teacher’s name, the name

of the course, and the date (Day Month Year). Your heading should be double spaced.

Sample Pages

1” margins

First and Last name

Teacher’s Name

Name of Course

Day Month Year

Title of the Paper

Introductory paragraph begins here

Student 2

Body of the Paper

Student 7

Works Cited

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Helpful Hints

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Avoid – “got,” “a lot,” abbreviations, and contractions.

Vary your word choice.

Stay in third person (he, she, it, they). Avoid first or second person (I, you).

Avoid passive voice. Use active voice.

Numbers one through nine are spelled out in the paper; numerals are used for 10 and above.

Use the last name of the person who is the subject of you research. Do not refer to a person

or author by their first name.

Capitalize:

*The first word of every sentence.

*The first word of every direct quotation.

*The first word after a colon, if that word begins a complete sentence.

*The first, last, and all other words in title of books, articles, periodicals, headings, and

plays except words of four or few letters used as articles, conjunctions or prepositions.

*An official title when it precedes a name or when used elsewhere if it is a title of

distinction.

*All proper nouns and their derivatives.

*Days of the week, months of the year, holidays, periods of history, and historic events.

*Geographic regions.

*Names of organizations, clubs, and buildings.

*Streets, avenues, and company names when used with a proper noun.

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Commonly Misused Words

accept (verb) to receive, to approve to takeexcept (preposition) excluding or leaving

adapt (verb) to adjustadept (adjective) skilled

affect (verb) to influence a change ineffect (noun) result

choose (verb) to selectchose (verb) past tense of choose

cite (verb) to use as supportsight (noun/verb) something seen; the ability to seesite (noun) location

complement (noun) something that completes or makes perfectcompliment (noun/verb) an expression of admiration; to pay respect or admiration

fair (adjective/noun) equitable, a competitive exhibitionfare (noun) a charge

farther (adverb) greater distancefurther (adverb) additional or in greater depth

it’s (contraction) it is or it hasits (possessive adjective) shows ownership

lie (noun/verb) an untrue statement; to rest or reclinelay (verb) to place

personal (adjective) of or relating to a personpersonnel (noun) people working for a business or an organization

principal (noun/adjective) a leader, money investedprinciple (noun) a rule or law

stationary (adjective) fixed in position; not movingstationery (noun) paper

than (conjunction/preposition) used in comparison to show differencesthen (noun/adverb) at that time: next

Transitions

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Using these words or phrases will help your writing flow smoothly within or between paragraphs.

Adding Informationalso but thusnext again in contrastas a result on the contrary in conclusionconsequently in other words sincefinally to sum up similarlyin addition to another point yetin the same way moreover in as much asfor example nevertheless for instanceon the other hand although furthermoreotherwise instead howeverthen in fact thereforeeven though likewise

Indicating Spaceon the left, right over nextin the center at the top, bottom nearbyon the side surrounding in the distancealong the edge straight ahead next toon top opposite beyondbelow at the rear, front in the foregroundbeneath in front of within sightunder beside out of sightaround behind nearbyabove

Timeafter formerly during the morning, day, weekbefore rarely most importantnext another laterat last finally ordinarilyfirst, second, etc. soon to begin withat first meanwhile afterwardsnow at the same time one thinglast for a minute, hour, day, week generallyduration in order to

Conclude or Summarizefinally as a result to sum uplastly therefore all in allbecause

Plagiarism

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“To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own”(Webster’s New College Dictionary 156).

Many times plagiarism is unintentional. It results from poor note taking, careless cutting and pasting, and not knowing how to paraphrase or cite. Every time you borrow from one of your sources, you must give credit to the author. The following should be cited: charts, graphs and illustrations, opinions, statistics, anything copied word-for-word, original ideas, direct quotes, and the why and how of people, places, and things. If unsure, ask your teacher for help.

Copyright

“Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States to the authors of ‘original works of authorship,’ including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works”

(Title 17, U.S. Code).

If you are using a small portion of music, a video, photographs or art in your research assignments, you may use it without getting the author’s permission, but you must acknowledge its use by including it in your Works Cited.

WTHS Academic Integrity Policy.

Academic scholarship and integrity are central to maintaining a community of

scholars at Washington Township High School. Preserving the mutual respect

and intellectual effort of our students in all curricular and co-curricular programs

underlies our mission as an educational institute. It is expected that our students

will abide by ethical academic standards at all times. In light of the current

pressures of academic competition, students engaging in academic dishonesty

will be subject to disciplinary as well as academic penalties. Any student who

engages in academic dishonesty or compromises the educational process in any

fashion may be subject to, but not limited to, the following consequences as

deemed appropriate:

All or part of the compromised assignment, test, project, or quiz will

result in a full range of grade penalties including but not limited to full

or complete loss of credit [0]

A phone call/conference with parents and/or administrators

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Dismissal from extracurricular activities, elected or appointed offices or

privileges

Further disciplinary action such as detention and/ or suspension may

be issued as deemed appropriate

Examples of academic dishonesty include but are not limited to the following:

1. Cheating or attempting to use unauthorized materials: copying or lending

work, willful collaboration, using SparkNotes to avoid reading a book, using

essay generator websites, using study aids, cheat sheets, unauthorized

formulas, counterfeiting lab reports, storing and retrieving answers or problems

on graphing calculators, and using other electronic devices (cell phones, and

foreign language translation software) to share information, to gain one’s

advantage, or avoid doing one’s work

2. Forgery or falsifying records: forging documents, altering grades, using false

citations, or altering returned examinations in order to seek a better grade.

3. Plagiarism: is defined as presenting one’s work as one’s own without proper

acknowledgement. Examples include using commercial writing services and

software, having someone write your paper or submitting someone else’s as your

own, failing to use proper citations and relying heavily on source material (cutting

and pasting) that is not properly put in one’s own words.

4. Obtaining an unfair advantage: attempting to gain unauthorized advantage

over fellow students in an academic exercise such as stealing, reproducing,

circulating, or photographing academic and assessment material. Unfair

advantage also includes distributing test questions or a substantive amount of

test material orally or electronically before the scheduled assessment.

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