PENANG WASTE

CHARACTERISATION

STUDY 2016:

BY PARLIAMENTARY AREAS

i

Contents

ACRONYMNS .............................................................................................................................. v

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3

2. Samples for the Waste Separation Study ........................................................................... 2

3. Sampling Schedule ............................................................................................................. 5

4. Results ................................................................................................................................ 6

4.1. P041 Kepala Batas ....................................................................................................... 8

4.2. P042 Tasek Gelugor ..................................................................................................... 9

4.3. P043 Bagan ................................................................................................................ 10

4.4. P044 Permatang Pauh ............................................................................................... 11

4.5. P045 Bukit Mertajam ................................................................................................ 12

4.6. P046 Batu Kawan ....................................................................................................... 13

4.7. P047 Nibong Tebal ..................................................................................................... 14

4.8. P048 Bukit Bendera ................................................................................................... 15

4.9. P049 Tanjong ............................................................................................................. 16

4.10. P050 Jelutong ........................................................................................................ 17

4.11. P051 Bukit Gelugor ................................................................................................ 18

4.12. P052 Bayan Baru .................................................................................................... 19

4.13. P053 Balik Pulau .................................................................................................... 20

5. Overall Summary .............................................................................................................. 21

5.1. Comparison by Parliamentary Areas (%) ................................................................... 21

5.2. Comparison by Waste Composition .......................................................................... 22

5.3. Comparison by Weekend and Weekdays .................................................................. 27

6. CONCLUDING REMARKS................................................................................................... 31

APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................. 34

.......................................................................................................................................... 36

ii

List of Tables

Table 1: Parliamentary Constituencies and Survey Sites ........................................................... 5

Table 2: Sampling Dates of the Parliamentary Constituencies .................................................. 5

Table 3: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling I6

Table 4: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling II

.................................................................................................................................................... 7

Table 5: Waste composition of P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekend and the Average

(%) .............................................................................................................................................. 8

Table 6: Waste composition of P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%) .............................................................................................................................................. 9

Table 7: Waste composition of P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%) .. 10

Table 8: Waste composition of P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays, Weekends and the

Average (%) .............................................................................................................................. 11

Table 9: Waste composition of P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays, Weekends and the

Average (%) .............................................................................................................................. 12

Table 10: Waste composition of P046 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 13

Table 11: Waste composition of P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 14

Table 12: Waste composition of P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends and the

Average (%) .............................................................................................................................. 15

Table 13: Waste composition of P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

.................................................................................................................................................. 16

Table 14: Waste composition of P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

.................................................................................................................................................. 17

Table 15: Waste composition of P051 Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

.................................................................................................................................................. 18

Table 16: Waste composition of P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 19

Table 17: Waste composition of P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%) ............................................................................................................................................ 20

Table 18: Waste Composition by Waste Type and Location .................................................... 22

Table 19: Average Waste Composition on Weekdays for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and

Overall State (%) ....................................................................................................................... 27

Table 20: Average Waste Composition on Weekends for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and

Overall State (%) ....................................................................................................................... 28

Table 21: Average Waste Composition for Penang Island (%) ................................................. 29

iii

Table 22: Composition of MSW, MBPP and MPSP, 2003 ......................................................... 32

List of Charts

Chart 1: Comparison of Waste Composition for P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average ......................................................................................................................... 8

Chart 2: Comparison of Waste composition for P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average ......................................................................................................................... 9

Chart 3: Comparison of Waste composition for P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the

Average .................................................................................................................................... 10

Chart 4: Comparison of Waste composition for P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays,

Weekends and the Average (%) ............................................................................................... 11

Chart 5: Comparison of Waste composition for P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays,

Weekends and the Average (%) ............................................................................................... 12

Chart 6: Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 13

Chart 7 : Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 14

Chart 8: Comparison of Waste composition for P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 15

Chart 9: Comparison of Waste composition for P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and

the Average (%) ........................................................................................................................ 16

Chart 10: Comparison of Waste composition for P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and

the Average (%) ........................................................................................................................ 17

Chart 11: Comparison of Waste composition for P051 Bukit Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 18

Chart 12: Comparison of Waste composition for P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 19

Chart 13: Comparison of Waste composition for P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends

and the Average (%) ................................................................................................................. 20

Chart 14: Overall Waste Composition (%) at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016 ................ 23

Chart 15: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Seberang Perai at Pulau Burung Landfill,

Penang, 2016 ........................................................................................................................... 24

Chart 16: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Penang Island at Pulau Burung Landfill,

Penang, 2016 ........................................................................................................................... 24

Chart 17: Comparison of Waste Composition at Pulau Burung Landfill by Waste Type and

Location (%).............................................................................................................................. 25

iv

Chart 18: Comparison of Organic Waste, Recyclable and Non-recyclable Waste Disposed at

Pulau Burung Landfill by Location. ........................................................................................... 26

Chart 19: Overall State Waste Composition by Weekday and Weekend Average ................... 30

List of Figures

Figure 1: Map of Penang Showing Parliamentary Constituencies ............................................. 4

v

ACRONYMNS

C&D Construction & Demolition Waste

GW Green Waste

HDPE High-density polyethylene

HP Hard Plastics consists of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC,) Polystyrene (PS),

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Mixed plastic alloys

MBPP Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang (Penang Island City Council)

MPSP Majlis Perbandaran Seberang Perai (Seberang Perai Municipal Council)

OCC Old Corrugated Cardboard

ONP Old Newspaper

PE or LDPE Low-density polyethylene

PET Polyethylene terephthalate

PP Polypropylene

1

ABSTRACT

Survey results indicate that organic waste (45.21%) is the major component of waste disposed at the

Pulau Burung Landfill. This is followed by Others (Non-Recyclables) at 39.48% and Plastics at

10.34%.Seberang Perai has a slightly higher percentage of organic waste compared to Penang Island.

Plastic waste comprising of mainly PE (LDPE) in the form of plastic bags constitute 7.48% of the total

plastic waste component. Paper and Paper Products comprises only 3.57%. Ferrous and non-ferrous

waste comprises 1.05% and 0.23% respectively.

ONP is noticeably missing in Seberang Perai and constitutes only 0.06% of waste from Penang Island.

This shows that there is a high recovery of ONP at source. The composition of other types of plastics

such as PET (which is mainly PET bottles – 1.05%), HDPE (0.43%), hard plastics (0.14%) and both

ferrous (1.05%) and non-ferrous (0.23%) are also low which may indicate resource recovery at point

of generation.

The comparison of waste types categorized into organic waste, recyclable waste and non-recyclable

waste shows that only 14-15% of waste disposed at the Pulau Burung landfill are considered

recyclable with Penang Island having a slightly higher proportion of recyclable waste. Both Seberang

Perai and Penang Island have a high proportion of non-recyclable waste of 37.6% to 41.7% which is

considered quite high.

Organic waste seems higher in Seberang Perai (50.04%) than Penang Island (41.43%) on both

weekends and weekdays. It is also observed that non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) are

higher than that of Seberang Perai (35.98%) on weekdays.

On weekends, more organic waste is being discarded from Sebarang Perai (46.08%) as compared to

Penang Island (42.34%). However, non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) when compared to

that from Seberang Perai (34.98%) on weekends. The amount of waste plastics is more or less the

same for both sides.

It can be observed that the results from this waste composition study shows a large amount of

organic waste is being disposed at the Pulau Burung Landfill and this is also true for non-recyclables.

Paper and paper products are also of low value with negligible quantities from Seberang Perai. Most

paper products like drinking cups, food containers and wrappers are already soiled and wet. Some of

these have already disintegrated beyond recognition and treated as residuals or non-recyclables.

Ferrous and non-ferrous waste are also low and this shows an active recovery at source.

2

The amount of recyclables from plastic waste is small and is of low quality comprising mostly of

soiled food containers, wrappers, supermarket plastic bags and packaging.

For hard plastic category such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC,) Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene

Styrene (ABS), Mixed plastic alloys the quantities are also small.

Comparing the results survey with a previous survey quoted by UNDP SWM survey (2003), it can be

seen that the amount of food / organic waste (41.5%) has risen slightly compared to the current

overall State average (45.2%). Green waste or yard and garden waste has declined from 11.0% (2003)

to 0.24% (2016).

Paper and paper products discarded at the landfill has fallen sharply from 16.5% (2003) to 2.46%

(2016). The plastics category also shows a decline from 16% (2003) to 10.34% (2016). Metals fell

from 4.5 % (2003) to 1.28% (2016).

In the others category, there was a sharp increase to 39.47% (2016) from 7.0% (2003). This also

indicates that there is an increase in non-recyclables collected from households.

The general implications of the study is that since the introduction of the waste segregation at source

regulation, the valuable recyclables have already been removed out of the waste stream for recycling

and only non-recyclables are discarded for municipal collection. Although waste segregation at

source regulation is not fully complied with by the general public, it is evident that less valuable

recyclables are being discarded.

3

Waste Characterization Study by Parliamentary Areas in Penang

1. Introduction

Infitech Sdn Bhd has been appointed by GEC (Global Environmental Foundation) to

undertake the Waste Characterisation Study of incoming waste at the Pulau Burung

Sanitary Landfill under the CCAC Project Activity 1: Feasibility Study for Material

Recovery Facility (MRF) & Bio-Digester at Phase 3, Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill, Penang,

Malaysia

A Waste Characterisation study was carried out with the objective of studying the waste

types and amount coming in from both Penang Island and Seberang Perai. This is to aid

in the identification the appropriate technologies for the MRF and bio-digester during

the second part of the project.

This is a waste characterisation study samples of MSW will be for a period of 30 calendar

days from both Penang Island and Seberang Perai and sampled according to 13

parliamentary constituencies and sorted out into 11 categories. Sample size taken is

about 500 kg per truck per area. The waste types are categorized in such a manner so as

to determine how much materials and what sorts can be recovered further for recycling.

Each parliamentary area will be sampled twice; once on a week day and another on a

weekend to determine if there are any difference in quantities disposed at the landfill. A

total of 26 samples will be collected and studied.

4

The figure below shows the map of all the Parliamentary Constituencies in Penang.

Figure 1: Map of Penang Showing Parliamentary Constituencies

5

Table 1: Parliamentary Constituencies and Survey Sites

Code Constituencies Survey Site

Seberang Perai

P041 Kepala Batas Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P042 Tasek Gelugor Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P043 Bagan Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P044 Permatang Pauh Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P045 Bukit Mertajam Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill

P046 Batu Kawan Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill

P047 Nibong Tebal Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill

Penang Island

P048 Bukit Bendera Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P049 Tanjong Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P050 Jelutong Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P051 Bukit Gelugor Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P052 Bayan Baru Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

P053 Balik Pulau Ampang Jajar Transfer Station

Waste from all parliamentary constituencies will sampled at the Ampang Jajar Transfer

Station except for 2 areas, P46 (Batu Kawan) and P47 Nibong Tebal which will be studied at

the Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill.

The samples will be separated into the different categories; weighed and recorded e.g.

recyclables consisting of paper products, different types of plastics, ferrous metals,

non-ferrous metals, organic waste and residuals for final disposal etc.

Note: LDPE and PE is used interchangeably in this document.

No. Categories Example

1 Organic waste

2 Paper & Paper products OCC, ONP

3 Green Waste & Woody & Construction & Demolition Waste

4 Ferrous

5 Non- Ferrous

6 Plastics PE, PET, LDPE, HDPE, PVC, PS, PP

7 Others Non Recyclables , Residues

2

2. Samples for the Waste Separation Study

All samples brought into the landfill by 1 or 2 ton truck will be

the samples for separation test

500 kg will be sampled from these trucks.

Organic waste Non-organic waste The 500 kg sample will be

separated into the different

categories and weighed.

Paper (OCC, ONP) Ferrous/N

on-ferrous

Plastic Others

PP

LDPE

PET

HDPE

HP

Organic GW+

WoodyC&D

3

The “Cone Quartering ” method is adopted in sample

collection for the organic waste portion only after waste

separation.

Moisture* - Drying by the oven

4

“Cone quartering” method for sample collection

The organic waste portion is

separated from plastic bag,

weighed and homogenized them

by mixing.

Drop the sample from an upper part and

pile up in a conical shape

Make a flat by pushing down

vertically from the upper part

Breaking into four and two oppositely facing parts are

selected as samples

sample X

5

3. Sampling Schedule

The sampling schedule for the various parliamentary Constituencies are shown in the table below.

Table 2: Sampling Dates of the Parliamentary Constituencies

Code Constituencies

Sampling Date

Weekday

Sample

Weekend

Sample

P041 Kepala Batas 27/10/2016 15/10/2016

P042 Tasek Gelugor 18/10/2016 22/10/2016

P043 Bagan 19/10/2016 16/10/2016

P044 Permatang Pauh 28/10/2016 23/10/2016

P045 Bukit Mertajam 13/10/2016 16/10/2016

P046 Batu Kawan 04/10/2016 01/10/2016

P047 Nibong Tebal 04/10/2016 2/10/2016

P048 Bukit Bendera 20/10/2016 30/10/2016

P049 Tanjong 13/10/2016 16/10/2016

P050 Jelutong 18/10/2016 29/10/2016

P051 Bukit Gelugor 21/10/2016 23/1/0/2016

P052 Bayan Baru 18/10/2016 16/10/2016

P053 Balik Pulau 31/10/2016 17/10/2016

6

4. Results

The results of the Waste Composition Survey at the Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill by

parliamentary areas are tabulated in the following section.

The Weekday and Weekend values by Parliamentary constituencies and waste type are tabulated

in the table below. The composition of organic waste on the state average is observed to be slightly

higher during weekdays when compared to weekends but there the proportion of others seems

unchanged.

Table 3: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling I

Code Constituencies

Organic

Waste

(%)

OCC

(%)

ONP

(%)

GW +

Woody

C&D

(%)

Ferrous

(%)

Non-Ferrous

(%)

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

P041 Kepala Batas 56.7 49.0 1.3 2.3 - - - 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.2

P042 Tasek Gelugor 59.7 50.1 2.0 3.5 - - 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.2

P043 Bagan 61.6 57.5 1.5 4.9 - - 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.4

P044 Permatang Pauh 50.5 41.3 3.8 3.6 - - - - 1.7 1.1 0.1 0.2

P045 Bukit Mertajam 43.3 53.7 3.7 3.2 - - 0.6 0.3 1.8 2.2 0.1 0.2

P046 Batu Kawan 40.5 37.7 6.6 4.1 - - - - 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1

P047 Nibong Tebal 38.0 33.3 6.7 4.4 - - - - 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.0

P048 Bukit Bendera 47.4 50.0 4.0 3.6 - - - - 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.2

P049 Tanjong 32.7 32.7 5.5 5.5 - - - - 2.0 2.0 0.2 0.2

P050 Jelutong 39.8 37.7 - 3.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 - 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.5

P051 Bukit Gelugor 42.4 42.4 0.9 1.1 - - - 0.9 0.4 0.6 - -

P052 Bayan Baru 46.8 41.0 9.1 3.0 - - 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.2

P053 Balik Pulau 39.5 50.3 1.6 - 0.4 - - 0.4 3.0 0.7 0.1 0.1

State Average (%) 46.1 44.4 3.6 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.3

7

Table 4: Waste Composition in Parliamentary Constituencies by Type and Days of Sampling II

Code Constituencies

PP

(%)

LDPE

(%)

PET

(%)

HDPE

(%)

HP

(%)

Others

(%)

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

Wee

kday

Wee

ken

d

P041 Kepala Batas 1.83 1.46 4.94 8.19 0.91 1.17 0.18 0.59 - - 32.91 33.48

P042 Tasek Gelugor 1.35 1.35 5.88 5.25 1.68 1.08 0.67 0.54 0.34 - 27.06 37.08

P043 Bagan 1.47 1.05 5.70 5.09 0.92 0.88 0.37 0.53 - - 27.21 28.60

P044 Permatang Pauh 0.85 1.79 5.29 4.11 1.02 0.89 0.34 0.36 - - 36.43 46.79

P045 Bukit Mertajam 0.67 0.96 8.44 7.37 1.89 1.92 0.33 1.28 - - 39.22 28.85

P046 Batu Kawan 1.28 0.52 6.24 6.44 0.84 0.43 0.32 0.20 - - 43.33 49.96

P047 Nibong Tebal 0.80 1.20 7.11 9.01 0.52 1.53 0.26 0.40 0.17 - 45.70 49.60

P048 Bukit Bendera 1.00 0.60 5.40 11.20 1.00 1.20 0.40 0.40 0.80 - 38.80 32.00

P049 Tanjong 1.61 1.61 8.75 8.75 0.89 0.89 0.71 0.71 0.36 0.36 47.32 47.32

P050 Jelutong 1.75 1.49 5.79 5.60 0.70 1.49 0.53 0.56 - 1.50 50.09 47.01

P051 Bukit Gelugor 1.27 1.31 6.34 6.54 0.91 0.94 0.36 0.19 - - 47.46 45.98

P052 Bayan Baru 0.36 1.80 8.00 26.07 0.54 1.64 - 0.16 - 0.16 33.86 24.59

P053 Balik Pulau 1.32 1.75 7.37 5.59 0.66 0.70 0.26 0.52 - - 45.79 40.05

State Average (%) 1.20 1.30 6.56 8.40 0.96 1.14 0.36 0.50 0.13 0.16 39.63 39.33

8

4.1. P041 Kepala Batas

Table 5: Waste composition of P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekend and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 56.7 49.0 52.8

OCC 1.3 2.3 1.8

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D - 1.5 0.7

Ferrous 1.1 1.3 1.2

Non-Ferrous 0.2 1.2 0.7

PP 1.8 1.5 1.6

LDPE 4.9 8.2 6.6

PET 0.9 1.2 1.0

HDPE 0.2 0.6 0.4

HP - - -

Others 32.9 33.5 33.2

Total 100.0 100.2

Chart 1: Comparison of Waste Composition for P041 Kepala Batas by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

56.7 1.3

- -

1.1 0.2

1.8 4.9

0.9 0.2

- 32.9

49.0 2.3

- 1.5

1.3 1.2

1.5 8.2

1.2 0.6

- 33.5

52.8 1.8

- 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.6 6.6 1.0 0.4

- 33.2

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

9

4.2. P042 Tasek Gelugor

Table 6: Waste composition of P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 59.7 50.1 54.9

OCC 2.0 3.5 2.8

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D 0.5 0.1 0.3

Ferrous 0.7 0.8 0.7

Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.2 0.2

PP 1.4 1.4 1.4

PE 5.9 5.3 5.6

PET 1.7 1.1 1.4

HDPE 0.7 0.5 0.6

HP 0.3 - 0.2

Others 27.1 37.1 32.1

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 2: Comparison of Waste composition for P042 Tasek Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the

Average

59.7 2.0

- 0.5

0.7 0.2 1.4 5.9

1.7 0.7

0.3 27.1

50.1 3.5

- 0.1

0.8 0.2 1.4 5.3

1.1 0.5

- 37.1

54.9 2.8

- 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.4 5.6 1.4 0.6 0.2

32.1

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

10

4.3. P043 Bagan

Table 7: Waste composition of P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 61.6 57.5 59.6

OCC 1.5 4.9 3.2

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D 0.4 0.4 0.4

Ferrous 0.7 0.7 0.7

Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.4 0.3

PP 1.5 1.1 1.3

PE 5.7 5.1 5.4

PET 0.9 0.9 0.9

HDPE 0.4 0.5 0.5

HP - - -

Others 27.2 28.6 27.9

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 3: Comparison of Waste composition for P043 Bagan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

61.6 1.5

- 0.4 0.7

0.2 1.5

5.7 0.9

0.4 -

27.2

57.5 4.9

- 0.4 0.7

0.4 1.1

5.1 0.9

0.5 -

28.6

59.6 3.2

- 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.3 5.4 0.9 0.5

- 27.9

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

11

4.4. P044 Permatang Pauh

Table 8: Waste composition of P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 50.5 41.3 45.9

OCC 3.8 3.6 3.7

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D - - -

Ferrous 1.7 1.1 1.4

Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.2 0.1

PP 0.9 1.8 1.3

LDPE 5.3 4.1 4.7

PET 1.0 0.9 1.0

HDPE 0.3 0.4 0.4

HP - - -

Others 36.4 46.8 41.6

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 4: Comparison of Waste composition for P044 Permatang Pauh by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%)

50.5 3.8

- -

1.7 0.1 0.9

5.3 1.0

0.3 -

36.4

41.3 3.6

- -

1.1 0.2 1.8

4.1 0.9

0.4 -

46.8

45.9 3.7

- -

1.4 0.1 1.3 4.7 1.0 0.4

- 41.6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

12

4.5. P045 Bukit Mertajam

Table 9: Waste composition of P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 43.3 53.7 48.5

OCC 3.7 3.2 3.4

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D 0.6 0.3 0.4

Ferrous 1.8 2.2 2.0

Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.2 0.1

PP 0.7 1.0 0.8

LDPE 8.4 7.4 7.9

PET 1.9 1.9 1.9

HDPE 0.3 1.3 0.8

HP - - -

Others 39.2 28.9 34.0

100.0 100.0

Chart 5: Comparison of Waste composition for P045 Bukit Mertajam by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%)

43.3 3.7

- 0.6

1.8 0.1 0.7

8.4 1.9

0.3 -

39.2

53.7 3.2

- 0.3

2.2 0.2 1.0

7.4 1.9

1.3 -

28.9

48.5 3.4

- 0.4 2.0 0.1 0.8 7.9 1.9 0.8

- 34.0

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

13

4.6. P046 Batu Kawan

Table 10: Waste composition of P046 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 40.5 37.7 39.1

OCC 6.7 4.1 5.4

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D - - -

Ferrous 0.3 0.6 0.4

Non-Ferrous 0.4 0.1 0.2

PP 1.3 0.5 0.9

LDPE 6.3 6.4 6.4

PET 0.8 0.4 0.6

HDPE 0.3 0.2 0.3

HP - - -

Others 43.5 50.0 46.7

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 6: Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Batu Kawan by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

40.5 6.7

- -

0.3 0.4

1.3 6.3

0.8 0.3

- 43.5

37.7 4.1

- -

0.6 0.1

0.5 6.4

0.4 0.2

- 50.0

39.1 5.4

- -

0.4 0.2 0.9 6.4 0.6 0.3

- 46.7

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

14

4.7. P047 Nibong Tebal

Table 11: Waste composition of P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 38.0 33.3 35.7

OCC 6.5 4.4 5.5

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D - - -

Ferrous 0.5 0.5 0.5

Non-Ferrous 0.6 0.0 0.3

PP 0.8 1.2 1.0

LDPE 7.1 9.0 8.1

PET 0.5 1.5 1.0

HDPE 0.3 0.4 0.3

HP 0.2 - 0.1

Others 45.5 49.5 47.5

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 7 : Comparison of Waste composition for P047 Nibong Tebal by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%)

38.0 6.5

- -

0.5 0.6

0.8 7.1

0.5 0.3

0.2 45.5

33.3 4.4

- -

0.5 0.0

1.2 9.0

1.5 0.4

- 49.5

35.7 5.5

- -

0.5 0.3 1.0 8.1 1.0 0.3 0.1

47.5

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

15

4.8. P048 Bukit Bendera

Table 12: Waste composition of P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 47.4 50.0 48.7

OCC 4.0 3.6 3.8

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D - - -

Ferrous 1.0 0.8 0.9

Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.2 0.2

PP 1 0.6 0.8

LDPE 5.4 11.2 8.3

PET 1.0 1.2 1.1

HDPE 0.4 0.4 0.4

HP 0.8 - 0.4

Others 38.8 32.0 35.4

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 8: Comparison of Waste composition for P048 Bukit Bendera by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%)

47.4 4.0

- -

1.0 0.2

1 5.4

1.0 0.4

0.8 38.8

50.0 3.6

- -

0.8 0.2

0.6 11.2

1.2 0.4

- 32.0

48.7 3.8

- -

0.9 0.2 0.8 8.3 1.1 0.4 0.4

35.4

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

16

4.9. P049 Tanjong

Table 13: Waste composition of P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 32.7 31.0 31.8

OCC 5.5 4.4 5.0

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D - 0.4 0.2

Ferrous 2.0 1.4 1.7

Non-Ferrous 0.2 0.2 0.2

PP 1.6 1.0 1.3

LDPE 8.8 8.4 8.6

PET 0.9 0.8 0.8

HDPE 0.7 0.2 0.5

HP 0.4 0.2 0.3

Others 47.3 52.0 49.7

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 9: Comparison of Waste composition for P049 Tanjong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

32.7 5.5

- -

2.0 0.2

1.6 8.8 0.9

0.7 0.4

47.3

31.0 4.4

- 0.4

1.4 0.2

1.0 8.4 0.8

0.2 0.2

52.0

31.8 5.0

- 0.2 1.7 0.2 1.3 8.6 0.8 0.5 0.3

49.7

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

17

4.10. P050 Jelutong

Table 14: Waste composition of P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 39.8 37.7 38.8

OCC - 3.4 1.7

ONP 0.2 0.2 0.2

GW + Woody C&D 0.4 - 0.2

Ferrous 0.7 0.6 0.6

Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.5 0.3

PP 1.8 1.5 1.6

LDPE 5.8 5.6 5.7

PET 0.7 1.5 1.1

HDPE 0.5 0.6 0.5

HP - 1.5 0.8

Others 50.1 47.0 48.6

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 10: Comparison of Waste composition for P050 Jelutong by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

39.8 -

0.2 0.4

0.7 0.1

1.8 5.8

0.7 0.5

- 50.1

37.7 3.4

0.2 -

0.6 0.5

1.5 5.6

1.5 0.6

1.5 47.0

38.8 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 1.6 5.7 1.1 0.5 0.8

48.6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

18

4.11. P051 Bukit Gelugor

Table 15: Waste composition of P051 Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 42.4 42.4 42.4

OCC 0.9 1.1 1.0

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D - 0.9 0.5

Ferrous 0.4 0.6 0.5

Non-Ferrous - - -

PP 1.3 1.3 1.3

LDPE 6.3 6.5 6.4

PET 0.9 0.9 0.9

HDPE 0.4 0.2 0.3

HP - - -

Others 47.5 46.0 46.7

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 11: Comparison of Waste composition for P051 Bukit Gelugor by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average

(%)

42.4 0.9

- -

0.4 -

1.3 6.3 0.9

0.4 -

47.5

42.4 1.1

- 0.9

0.6 -

1.3 6.5 0.9

0.2 -

46.0

42.4 1.0

- 0.5 0.5

- 1.3 6.4 0.9 0.3

- 46.7

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

19

4.12. P052 Bayan Baru

Table 16: Waste composition of P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 46.8 41.0 43.9

OCC 9.1 3.0 6.0

ONP - - -

GW + Woody C&D 0.5 0.3 0.4

Ferrous 0.5 1.2 0.8

Non-Ferrous 0.3 0.2 0.2

PP 0.4 1.8 1.1

LDPE 8.0 26.1 17.0

PET 0.5 1.6 1.1

HDPE - 0.2 0.1

HP - 0.2 0.1

Others 33.9 24.6 29.2

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 12: Comparison of Waste composition for P052 Bayan Baru by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

46.8 9.1

- 0.5

0.5 0.3

0.4 8.0 0.5

- -

33.9

41.0 3.0

- 0.3

1.2 0.2

1.8 26.1 1.6

0.2 0.2

24.6

43.9 6.0

- 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.1

17.0 1.1 0.1 0.1

29.2

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic wasteOCCONP

GW + Woody C&DFerrous

Non-FerrousPPPE

PETHDPE

HPOthers

Weekday Weekend Average

20

4.13. P053 Balik Pulau

Table 17: Waste composition of P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

Waste Type Weekday Weekend Average

Organic waste 39.5 50.3 44.9

OCC 1.6 - 0.8

ONP 0.4 - 0.2

GW + Woody C&D - 0.4 0.2

Ferrous 3.0 0.7 1.9

Non-Ferrous 0.1 0.1 0.1

PP 1.3 1.8 1.5

LDPE 7.4 5.6 6.5

PET 0.7 0.7 0.7

HDPE 0.3 0.5 0.4

HP - - -

Others 45.8 40.1 42.9

Total 100.0 100.0

Chart 13: Comparison of Waste composition for P053 Balik Pulau by Weekdays, Weekends and the Average (%)

39.5

1.6

0.4

-

3.0

0.1

1.3

7.4

0.7

0.3

-

45.8

50.3

-

-

0.4

0.7

0.1

1.8

5.6

0.7

0.5

-

40.1

44.9

0.8

0.2

0.2

1.9

0.1

1.5

6.5

0.7

0.4

-

42.9

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic waste

OCC

ONP

GW + Woody C&D

Ferrous

Non-Ferrous

PP

PE

PET

HDPE

HP

Others

Weekday Weekend Average

21

5. Overall Summary

The overall summary of this parliamentary survey is discussed in the section below.

5.1. Comparison by Parliamentary Areas (%)

Co

de

Constituencies

Org

anic

Was

te

OC

C

ON

P

GW

+C&

D

Ferr

ou

s

No

n-F

err

ou

s

PP

LDP

E

PET

HD

PE

HP

OTH

ERS

%

P041 Kepala Batas 52.8 1.8 - 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.6 6.6 1.0 0.4 - 33.2

P042 Tasek Gelugor 54.9 2.8 - 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.4 5.6 1.4 0.6 0.2 32.1

P043 Bagan 59.6 3.2 - 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.3 5.4 0.9 0.5 - 27.9

P044 Permatang

Pauh

45.9 3.7 - - 1.4 0.1 1.3 4.7 1.0 0.4 - 41.6

P045 Bukit

Mertajam

48.5 3.4 - 0.4 2.0 0.1 0.8 7.9 1.9 0.8 - 34.0

P046 Batu Kawan 39.1 5.4 - - 0.4 0.2 0.9 6.3 0.6 0.3 - 46.6

P047 Nibong Tebal 35.7 5.6 - - 0.5 0.3 1.0 8.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 47.7

P048 Bukit Bendera 48.7 3.8 - - 0.9 0.2 0.8 8.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 35.4

P049 Tanjong 32.7 5.5 - - 2.0 0.2 1.6 8.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 47.3

P050 Jelutong 38.8 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 1.6 5.7 1.1 0.5 0.8 48.6

P051 Bukit Gelugor 42.4 1.0 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.3 6.4 0.9 0.3 - 46.7

P052 Bayan Baru 43.9 6.0 - 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.1 17.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 29.2

P053 Balik Pulau 44.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.9 0.1 1.5 6.5 0.7 0.4 - 42.9

22

5.2. Comparison by Waste Composition

Survey results indicate that organic waste (45.21%) is the major component of waste disposed at the Pulau

Burung Landfill. This is followed by Others (Non-Recyclables) at 39.48% and Plastics at 10.34%.Seberang

Perai has a slightly higher percentage of organic waste compared to Penang Island.

Plastic waste comprising of mainly PE (LDPE) in the form of plastic bags constitute 7.48% of the total plastic

waste component. Paper and Paper Products comprises only 3.57%. Ferrous and non-ferrous waste

comprises 1.05% and 0.23% respectively.

ONP is noticeably missing in Seberang Perai and constitutes only 0.06% of waste from Penang Island. This

shows that there is a high recovery of ONP at source. The composition of other types of plastics such as

PET (which is mainly PET bottles – 1.05%), HDPE (0.43%), hard plastics (0.14%) and both ferrous (1.05%)

and non-ferrous (0.23%) are also low which may indicate resource recovery at point of generation.

Table 18: Waste Composition by Waste Type and Location

Waste Type Seberang

Perai

(%)

Penang

Island

(%)

Penang State

Average (%)

Organic Waste 48.06 41.88 45.21

OCC 3.68 3.14 3.44

ONP - 0.06 0.03

GW+C&D 0.26 0.21 0.24

Ferrous 1.01 1.11 1.05

Non-Ferrous 0.28 0.17 0.23

PP 1.18 1.32 1.25

PE/LDPE 6.36 8.78 7.48

PET 1.12 0.96 1.05

HDPE 0.46 0.40 0.43

HP 0.04 0.27 0.14

Others (Non-Recyclables) 37.59 41.69 39.48

23

Chart 14: Overall Waste Composition (%) at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016

Organic Waste 45.20%

Paper & Paper

Products 3.46%

GW+C&D 0.24%

Ferrous 1.05%

Non-Ferrous 0.23%

Plastics 10.34%

Others (Non-recyclables)

39.47%

24

Chart 15: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Seberang Perai at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016

Chart 16: Overall Waste Composition (%) from Penang Island at Pulau Burung Landfill, Penang, 2016

Organic Waste 48.04%

Paper & Paper Products

3.68%

GW+C&D 0.26%

Ferrous 1.01%

Non-Ferrous 0.28%

Plastics 9.15%

Others (Non-recyclables)

37.57%

Organic Waste, 41.88

Paper & Paper

Products, 3.21 GW+C&D, 0.21 Ferrous, 1.11

Non-Ferrous, 0.17

Plastics, 11.73

Others (Non-recyclables),

41.69

25

Chart 17: Comparison of Waste Composition at Pulau Burung Landfill by Waste Type and Location (%)

Source: Waste Characterisation Study, Infitech Nov 2016.

The comparison of waste types categorized into organic waste, recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste

shows that only 14-15% of waste disposed at the Pulau Burung landfill are considered recyclable with Penang

Island having a slightly higher proportion of recyclable waste. Both Seberang Perai and Penang Island have a

high proportion of non-recyclable waste of 37.6% to 41.7% which is considered quite high.

48.06

3.68

-

0.26

1.01

0.28

1.18

6.36

1.12

0.46

0.04

37.59

41.88

3.14

0.06

0.21

1.11

0.17

1.32

8.78

0.96

0.40

0.27

41.69

45.21

3.44

0.03

0.24

1.05

0.23

1.25

7.48

1.05

0.43

0.14

39.48

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Organic Waste

OCC

ONP

GW+C&D

Ferrous

Non-Ferrous

PP

PE

PET

HDPE

HP

OTHERS

Seberang Perai (%) Penang Island (%) State Average (%)

26

Chart 18: Comparison of Organic Waste, Recyclable and Non-recyclable Waste Disposed at Pulau Burung

Landfill by Location.

48.1

41.9

45.2

14.4

16.4

15.3

37.6

41.7

39.5

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Seberang Perai (%)

Penang Island (%)

State Average (%)

Organic Waste Recyclables Others (Non-recyclables)

27

5.3. Comparison by Weekend and Weekdays

The comparison of the type of waste on weekdays and weekends are shown in the tables below.

Organic waste seems higher in Seberang Perai (50.04%) than Penang Island (41.43%) on both weekends

and weekdays. It is also observed that non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) are higher than that of

Seberang Perai (35.98%) on weekdays.

Table 19: Average Waste Composition on Weekdays for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and Overall State (%)

Type of Waste Seberang

Perai

Weekday

Average

Penang

Island

Weekday

Average

Overall

Weekday

State

Average

Organic waste 50.04 41.43 46.06

OCC 3.65 3.53 3.59

ONP 0.00 0.10 0.04

GW + Woody C&D 0.20 0.15 0.18

Ferrous 0.98 1.27 1.11

Non-Ferrous 0.25 0.15 0.20

PP 1.18 1.22 1.20

PE/LDPE 6.23 6.94 6.56

PET 1.11 0.78 0.96

HDPE 0.35 0.38 0.36

HP 0.07 0.19 0.13

Others

(Non-Recyclables

35.98 43.89 39.63

On weekends, more organic waste is being discarded from Seberang Perai (46.08%) as compared to Penang

Island (42.34%). However, non-recyclables from Penang Island (43.89%) when compared to that from Seberang

Perai (34.98%) on weekends. The amount of waste plastics is more or less the same for both sides.

28

Table 20: Average Waste Composition on Weekends for Seberang Perai, Penang Island and Overall State (%)

Type of Waste Seberang Perai

Weekend

Average

Penang

Island

Weekend

Average

Overall

Weekend

State

Average

Organic waste 46.08 42.34 44.21

OCC 3.72 2.76 3.24

ONP - 0.03 0.02

GW + Woody C&D 0.32 0.27 0.30

Ferrous 1.04 0.96 1.00

Non-Ferrous 0.31 0.19 0.25

PP 1.19 1.43 1.31

PE/LDPE 6.49 10.63 8.56

PET 1.13 1.14 1.14

HDPE 0.56 0.42 0.49

HP - 0.34 0.17

Others

(Non-Recyclables

39.19 39.49 39.34

29

Table 21: Average Waste Composition for Penang Island (%)

Waste type Penang

Island

Weekend

Average

Penang

Island

Weekday

Average

Overall

Penang

Island

Average

Organic waste 42.34 41.43 41.88

OCC 2.76 3.53 3.14

ONP 0.03 0.10 0.06

GW + Woody

C&D

0.27 0.15 0.21

Ferrous 0.96 1.27 1.11

Non-Ferrous 0.19 0.15 0.17

PP 1.43 1.22 1.32

PE/LDPE 10.63 6.94 8.78

PET 1.14 0.78 0.96

HDPE 0.42 0.38 0.40

HP 0.34 0.19 0.27

Others

(Non-Recyclable

s

39.49 43.89 41.69

30

Chart 19: Overall State Waste Composition by Weekday and Weekend Average

46.06

3.59

0.04

0.18

1.11

0.20

1.20

6.56

0.96

0.36

0.13

39.63

44.35

3.28

0.01

0.30

1.00

0.25

1.30

8.40

1.14

0.50

0.16

39.33

45.21

3.44

0.03

0.24

1.05

0.23

1.25

7.48

1.05

0.43

0.14

39.48

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Organic waste

OCC

ONP

GW + Woody C&D

Ferrous

Non-Ferrous

PP

PE

PET

HDPE

HP

Others

Overall Weekday State Average Overall State Weekend Average Overall State Average

31

6. CONCLUDING REMARKS

It can be observed that the results from this waste composition study shows a large amount of organic waste is

being disposed at the Pulau Burung Landfill and this is also true for non-recyclables.

Paper and paper products are also of low value with negligible quantities from Seberang Perai. Most paper

products like drinking cups, food containers and wrappers are already soiled and wet. Some of these have

already disintegrated beyond recognition and treated as residuals or non-recyclables.

Ferrous and non-ferrous waste is also low and this shows an active recovery at source.

The amount of recyclables from plastic waste is small and is of low quality comprising mostly of soiled food

containers, wrappers, supermarket plastic bags and packaging.

For hard plastic category such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC,) Polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

(ABS), Mixed plastic alloys the quantities are also small.

Comparing the results survey with a previous survey quoted by UNDP SWM survey (2003), it can be seen that

the amount of food / organic waste (41.5%) has risen slightly compared to the current overall State average

(45.2%). Green waste or yard and garden waste has declined from 11.0% (2003) to 0.24% (2016).

32

Table 22: Composition of MSW Year 2003 & 2016 for MBPP & MPSP

Item MPSP MBPP

Penang

State

Overall

Average

(%)

2003

Penang

State

Overall

Average (%)

2016

+/-

Tonnes % Tonnes % % % %

Food 605.84 50 206.23 33 41.5 45.20 3.70

Yard & Garden 148.99 12 59.86 10 11.0 0.24 -10.76

Paper 54.12 5 176.15 28 16.5 3.46 -13.04

Plastics 208.1 17 89.89 15 16.0 10.34 -5.66

Textile/Rubber 38.48 3 19.02 3 3.0 0 -3.00

Metal 43.36 4 29.09 5 4.5 1.28 -3.22

Hazardous 2.69 0.00 1.92 0 0.0 0.23 0.00

Others 98.42 8.00 37.74 6 7.0 39.47 32.47

Total 1,200.00 619.9

Source: Satang 2000 quoted by UNDP SWM Study Report 2007

Paper and paper products discarded at the landfill has fallen sharply from 16.5% (2003) to 2.46% (2016). The

plastics category also shows a decline from 16% (2003) to 10.34% (2016). Metals fell from 4.5 % (2003) to

1.28% (2016).

In the others category, there was a sharp increase to 39.47% (2016) from 7.0% (2003). This also indicates that

there is an increase in non-recyclables collected from households.

The general implications of the study is that since the introduction of the waste segregation at source

regulation, the valuable recyclables have already been removed out of the waste stream for recycling and only

non-recyclables are discarded for municipal collection. Although waste segregation at source regulation is not

fully complied with by the general public, it is evident that less valuable recyclables are being discarded.

There is a need for more awareness of the waste segregation regulation before it is fully enforced with fines.

However, after public education and awareness campaigns have been conducted, there needs to be strong

enforcement. Deterrent action is needed to tackle recalcitrant members of the public to bring about

compliance to cleanliness by-laws.

3

33

There should be emphasis on the 3Rs as it involves changing peoples’ attitudes and present practices to

minimize waste at the front end so that waste is reduced in the first place rather than treating it later.

Resource Recovery covers a wide array of activities ranging from the itinerant buyers going around

neighbourhood in motorcycles, vans and trucks to bigger resource recovery centres even at the Pulau Burung

Landfill itself. It is important to have effective policies and department process maps to tackle the cleanliness

issues.

With such mechanism and infrastructure in place it is only a matter of time before more resource recovery is

achieved in Penang. Penang will continue to move towards achieving its motto “Cleaner, Greener, Safer,

Healthier and Happier Penang.”

34

APPENDIX

Sample Pictures of Progress

Ampang Jajar Pulau Burung

Incoming Waste from Household

Incoming Waste from Household

Unloading Income Waste

Unloading Income Waste

Load for Weighing

Load for Weighing

Sorting

Sorting

35

Ampang Jajar Pulau Burung

Category: Organic Waste

Category: Organic Waste

Category:Wood

Category: OCC

Category: PE

Category: HDPE

Weighing

Weighing

36

THANK YOU

Prepared by: Infitech Machinery Sdn. Bhd.

Assisted by: Khor Hung Teik