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WASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE MANAGEMENT

Venkatesh KBS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal of waste materials, usually ones produced by human activity, in an effort to reduce their effect on human health or local amenity.

Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous wastes, with different methods and fields of expertise for each.

3R Reduce-Reuse-Recycle

Sources of waste for European Environment Agency countries, 1992-1997

According to a study done by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), annual per capita municipal solid waste generation in India is projected to grow from 1 to 1.33 percent, which would lead to a generation of over 260 million tones of waste by 2047.

Methane emissions from landfills are projected to reach 39 million tones by 2047, from 7 million tones in 1997.

On the other hand, waste management responses have not kept pace with the increasing quantities of waste resulting in

(a) a high proportion of uncollected waste, and (b) poor standards of transportation, storage, treatment and disposal

WASTE IN INDIAWASTE IN INDIA

About 0.1 million tonnes of municipal solid waste is generated in India every day. That is approximately 36.5 million tonnes annually.

Per capita waste generation in major Indian cities ranges from 0.2 Kg to 0.6 Kg.

Difference in per capita waste generation between lower and higher income groups range between 180 to 800 gm per day.

The urban local bodies spend approximately Rs.500 to Rs.1500 per tonne on solid waste for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. About 60-70% of this amount is spent on collection, 20-30% on transportation and less than 5% on final disposal.

WASTE OR RESOURCEWASTE OR RESOURCE

INTEGRTAED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

INTEGRTAED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

MAINTENANCE

ADOPTION

TRIAL

EVALUATIONINTEREST

AWARENESS

PUBLIC EDUCATION & INVOLVEMENTPUBLIC EDUCATION & INVOLVEMENT

News release, news articles, guest spots on radio, flyers,Posters, billboards, commercials,

AWARENESS

Decide-announce-defend3 Phase framework

FACILITY SITING & PERMITTINGFACILITY SITING & PERMITTING

Identifying the problemIdentifying the problem

Choosing site feasibilityChoosing site feasibility

Assigning alternativesAssigning alternatives

Designing the siting framework

Designing the siting frameworkPlanningPlanning

Phase 1

Phase 2 : site selection & design Selecting the site

Designing the facility Phase 3 : Implementation

Operations Management Closing future & land uses

Developing a waste manangement program

Developing a waste manangement program

Characterizing community’s waste is a crucial step

Methods for characterizing waste

Modelling Techniques Physical Separation Techniques Direct Measurement Techniques

Organizing a waste management program

Successful organization focuses on the 5 "Ps planning price publicity politics perseverance

COLLECTION & TRANSFERCOLLECTION & TRANSFER

Community goals

&

constr

aints

Characteriz

ing waste

generation

System fu

nding

structu

re

Collecti

on procedure

waste

preparation

Collecti

on

equipment

Evaluate transfe

r

needsColle

ction &

Transfer a

lternativ

es

Collecti

on routes

schedules

Public & private collection/transferPublic & private collection/transfer

Municipal collectionContract collectionPrivate collection

Determining the system funding structure

Property taxFlat fee systemVariable rate systemHybrid funding methods

Pick up points for collectionPick up points for collection

Curb side/ alley collectionBackyard set out – set back collectionBackyard carry collectionDrop off at specified collection point

Frequency of collectionFrequency of collection

The greater the level of service, the more costly the collection system will be to operate.

Factors to consider when setting collection frequency include the cost, customer expectations, storage limitations, and climate.

Most municipalities offer collection once or twice a week, with collection once a week being prevalent. Crews collecting once per week can collect more tons of waste per hour, but are able to make fewer stops per hour than their twice-a-week counterparts.

RECYCLINGRECYCLING

• Designing an efficient recycling program requires a systems approach. Decisions about collecting, marketing, and processing recyclables are interrelated

• An efficient recycling program requires a systems approach—all program components are interrelated; decisions about one must be made with other components in mind. Successful recycling also requires enthusiastic public participation, and programs must be designed with public convenience and support in mind.

Successful marketing of recyclables

Successful marketing of recyclables

• This requires accurate market knowledge and share decision making

Marketing of recyclables

Identifyingbuyers

Selectingbuyers

Contactingbuyers

Contracting with

buyers

Ways to collect recyclablesWays to collect recyclables

Residential waste drop off & buy back collectionCurbside collection optionsSource collectionMixed waste collection

CompostingComposting• Composting involves the aerobic biological decomposition

of organic materials to produce a stable humus-like product. Biodegradation is a natural, ongoing biological process that is a common occurrence in both human-made and natural

COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION

• A decision many communities face is determining whether a waste-to energy (WTE) system might be a feasible component of their integrated solid waste management program

•

LAND DISPOSALLAND DISPOSALThe basis of a good solid waste management system is the municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. MSW landfills provide for the environmentally sound disposal of waste that cannot be reduced, recycled, composted, combusted, or processed in some other manner Landfill is a waste disposal site for the deposit of the waste onto or into land (i.e. underground), including: Internal waste disposal sites (i.e. landfill where a producer of waste is carrying out its own waste disposal at the place of production), and a permanent site (i.e. more than one year), which is used for temporary storage of waste, but excluding

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