Management of waste & waste water

Md. Husain Bin Siddiqui

ID. UG08-20-12-002State University Of Bangladesh

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Waste

Any material that is discarded ,useless or unwanted is considered as a waste

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Sources of Wastes

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Sources of Wastes

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Types of Waste

1. Organic

2. Inorganic

3. Heated (Thermal)

4. Radioactive

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Organic Waste

This is a type of waste that may come from animals or plants. Natural organic wastes can be consumed by bacteria & other small organisms. Organic Waste is the most common waste in cities and towns.

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Inorganic Waste

Inorganic waste is waste material such as sand, salt, iron, calcium, and other mineral materials. These wastes are chemical substances of mineral and metal origins.

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Heated (Thermal) Waste

Heated waste comes from wastewater with the temperature exceeding certain requirements. This type of waste comes from cooling processes used by industrial or thermal power stations.

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Radioactive Waste

This type of waste is usually controlled at the source it's coming from. Radioactive waste most commonly comes from research labs, hospitals, or nuclear plants.

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Impacts of waste on health

Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalationUncollected waste can obstruct the storm water

runoff resulting in flood Low birth weight Cancer Congenital malformations Neurological disease Nausea and vomiting Increase in hospitalization of diabetic residents living near hazard

waste sites. Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high levels of mercury.

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Impacts of waste on animals and aquatics life

Increase in mercury level in fish due to disposal of mercury in the rivers.

Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds. Resulted in high alga population in rivers and

sea. Degrades water and soil quality.

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Impacts of waste on Environment

Waste breaks down in landfills to form methane, a potent greenhouse gas

Change in climate and destruction of ozone layer due to waste biodegradable

Littering, due to waste pollutions, illegal dumping, Leaching: is a process by which solid waste enter soil and ground water and contaminating them.

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Waste Management

Waste management is the collection, transport , processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials

l

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Waste Management

Four concept ReduceReuseRecycleRefuse

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Refuse

Use containers that are already at homeRefuse to buy the new item when they are

not required

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Reuse

If you cannot prevent waste then reuse

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Recycle

Use shopping bags made of cloth which can be use over and over again

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Reduce

Reduce generation of unnecessary waste

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The main purpose of waste management is to minimize the

adverse effects on the environment, by

Collection wastesDisposal wastesUtilization wastes

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Collection of wasteGathering the wasteTransporting to centralized location

Disposal of wasteCompaction IncinerationManual separation

Utilization of wasteConservation of natural resourcesEconomic developmentGenerate many useful productEmployment opportunities Control of air pollution

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Wastewater Management

ReuseRecycleDischarge and Treat

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ReuseSome relatively clean wastewater can be reused without treatment. Graywater is wastewater generated by washing, laundry, and bathing (not from toilets)

RecycleWastewater can be treated (on-site or off-site) and reused for nondrinking purposes Closed-loop treatment systems are often used to capture, treat, and reuse wastewater on-site. Wastewater reclamation involves treating the wastewater and using it for a different purpose.Use

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The Treatment Process

Preliminary TreatmentThe preliminary treatment process has four different processes to ensure that coarse material is separated from the wastewater.

l. Screening

2. Shredding

3. Grit removal

4. Flow meterUse me

ScreeningA screen is used to collect debris, such as wood, rags, and other objects from going through the treatment process. Constructed with parallel bars placed at an angle in a channel.

ShreddingDevices called barminutor and comminutor are placed after a bar screen to cut or shred any of the

leftover material that passed through the screen.

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Grit ChannelsA grit channel is a long, narrow trough that's designed at a slight angle to provide a flow-through velocity of one foot per second for wastewater to

flow through.

Flow Measuring DevicesA meter, designed in many different ways to show how much wastewater is flowing into a wastewater treatment facility.They are most commonly found in the headwords, or treatment plant.

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Primary TreatmentThe primary treatment process is made up of only one process : Sedimentation

SedimentationThe waste goes into and through a large tank or basin. The flow velocity is about 0.03 feet per second. The wastewater will flow through a clarifier to provide about 2 hours of detention time.

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Secondary Treatment

After the primary treatment wastewater leaves the clarifier, and goes through the secondary treatment. The secondary treatment is the final process to ensure the operator that the facility treated as much as waste as possible.There are four different processes to make up the last of the processes.

1. Trickling Filters

2. Activated Sludge

3. Sludge Handling

4. DisinfectionUse me

Trickling FiltersUsing a bed of 1/2 - 5 inch rock or blocks which settles wastewater from the primary clarifier. The wastewater is usually applied by an overhead rotating distributor, and trickles over and around the media.

Activated SludgeAn aeration tank is used for this process. It serves the same purpose as a trickling filter. Wastewater is piped to a large aeration tank, where oxygen is supplied into the bottom of the tank, or by churning the surface mechanically. This leads to the secondary clarifier.

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Sludge HandlingThe solids that are left are removed from the treatment process are commonly broken down by biological treatment

process called sludge digestion.

DisinfectionThe wastewater will go through the last faze, disinfection to kill pathogenic organisms. Disinfection in wastewater is most commonly accomplished by applying chlorine

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