Waste Management Ppx

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Waste Management1

HABAGAT ONDOY


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Kinds of Wastes3

Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastesespecially common as co-disposal of wastes

Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes:wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste

water from ponds, manufacturing industriesand other sources


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SOLID WASTES4

CUPS BOTTLES


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SOLID WASTES5

PAPERS CANS


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LIQUID WASTES6

OIL DETERGENTS


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Classification of Wastes according totheir Properties7

Bio-degradable

can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable

cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,cans, styrofoam containers and others)


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BIODEGRADABLE8

PAPERS PEELINGS


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NON-BIODEGRADABLE9

PLASTICS STYROFOAM


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CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES ACCORDING TOTHEIR EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND THE

ENVIRONMENTHazardous wastes

Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported toor brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal

in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of thePhilippines

Non-hazardous

Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,

agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported toor brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposalin, or in transit through, any part of the territory of thePhilippines

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Classification of Wastes11

HAZARDOUS WASTESNON-HAZARDOUS WASTES


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Sources of Wastes

Households

Commerce andIndustry

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Sources of Wastes

Agriculture

Fisheries

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Waste Generation in the Philippines

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In Metro Manila:

It is estimated that 25 million m3of acid and alkalineliquid waste is disposed of annually from the electronicsindustry.

Almost 2,000 m3 of solvents and 22,000 tons of heavymetals, infectious wastes, biological sludges, lubricantsand intractable wastes are disposed of on land or into

water courses. 4,000 tons of solid wastes are generated daily. Of these,

only about 3,400 tons are collected and transported toexisting sites.


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EFFECTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGEDWISELY

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Affects our health

Affects our socio-economic conditions

Affects our coastal and marine environment

Affects our climate


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EFFECTS OF WASTE

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GHGs (Green House Gases) are accumulating in Earths atmosphere as a resultof human activities, causing global mean surface air temperature andsubsurface ocean temperature to rise.

Rising global temperatures are expected to raise sea levels and change

precipitation and other local climate conditions.

Changing regional climates could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies.

This could also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems.

Deserts might expand into existing rangelands, and features of some of ournational parks might be permanently altered.


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EFFECTS OF WASTE17

- Some countries are expected to become warmer, although sulfates might

limit warming in some areas.

- Scientists are unable to determine which parts of those countries willbecome wetter or drier, but there is likely to be an overall trend toward

increased precipitation and evaporation, more intense rainstorms, and driersoils.

- Whether rainfall increases or decreases cannot be reliably projected forspecific areas.


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EFFECTS OF WASTE.

Activities that have altered the chemical composition of theatmosphere:

-C02 (Carbon Doxide) is released to the atmosphere by the burning offossil fuels, wood and wood products, and solid waste.

-CH4 (methane)is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes inlandfills, the raising of livestock, and the production and transport ofcoal, natural gas, and oil.

-N02 (Nitrous Oxide) is emitted during agricultural and industrialactivities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.In 1977, the US emitted about one-fifth of total global GHGs.

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DENGUE

Diseases from Improper Waste Management19


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DENGUE20

Most common arthropod borne viral

Caused by mosquitoes classified as aedes

aegypti and aedes albopictus

Symptoms include fever, headache, nausea

and vomitting, characteristic rash

A tourniquet test is one of the basic test

performed to distinguish dengue


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LEPTOSPIROSIS



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LEPTOSPIROSIS22

Is caused by the bacteria Leptospira which

came from urine of cats, dogs, but most

commonly by rats

It is commonly seen in tropical countries Symptoms maybe the same with Flu and

Dengue, some other symptoms include;

Jaundice, Fever, Chills, Headache, Cough,Vomitting, Abdominal Pain


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DIARRHEA



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DIARRHEA24

is the condition of having three or more loose

or liquid bowel movements per day

the loss of fluids through diarrhea can

cause dehydration and electrolytedisturbances such as potassium deficiency or

other salt imbalances.

Diarrhea is most commonly due toviralgastroenteritis with rotavirus


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

25 Reduce Waste

- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policyto duplex all draft reports and by making training manualsand personnel information available electronically.

- Improve product design to use less materials.

- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material whilemaintaining strength.

- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging

return program.

- Switch to reusable transport containers.

- Purchase products in bulk.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

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Reuse

- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally.

- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice

envelopes, file folders, and paper.

- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, andglasses.

- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.

- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather thanpurchase new ones.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

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Donate/Exchange

- old books

- old clothes

- old computers

- excess building materials

- old equipment to local organizations


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

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Employee Education

- Develop an office recycling procedures packet.

- Send out recycling reminders to all employees includingenvironmental articles.

- Train employees on recycling practices prior to implementingrecycling programs.

- Conduct an ongoing training process as new technologiesare introduced and new employees join the institution.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

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Employee Education

- education campaign on waste management thatincludes an extensive internal web site, quarterlynewsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs andhelpful reference labels within the campus of aninstitution.


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE

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Preventing Waste

- packaging waste reductions and

changes in the manufacturing process

- use biodegradable materials


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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE31

Conduct outreach program adopting anecologically sound waste managementsystem which includes:

waste reduction

segregation at source

composting

recycling and re-use

more efficient collection

more environmentally sound disposal


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Residents are organized into small groups tocarry out the following:

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1. construction of backyard compost pit

2. construction of storage bins where recyclable and reusablematerials are stored by each household

3. construction of storage centers where recyclable andreusable materials collected by the street sweepers are storedprior to selling to junk dealers

4. maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets

5. greening of their respective areas

6. encouraging others to join


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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS: EMS

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What is an EMS?

An EMS is a formal set of policies and procedures that define how an

organization will evaluate, manage, and track its environmental impact.It follows the basic model:

Plan > Do > Check > Act

This facilitates cost-effective environmental performance by definingand continuously improving the process and actions that anorganization undertakes to meet its environmental goals.


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EMS Development34

A Policy Statement that communicates anorganizations environmental priorities to employees.

Managerial endorsement of the policy statementdemonstrates the organizations commitment to theeffort and willingness to allocate resources forimplementation.

Once a policy statement is in place, the organizationimplements it following the model.


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Stages in the Implementation of EMS

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understanding of eco-ethics

environmental and health effects

economic impacts

liabilities

After establishing a complete list of significant aspects, theorganization sets environmental goals and develops a planto achieve those goals.

Identify all environmental aspects: any environmental orhealth and safety impacts resulting from activities andservices. The organization then evaluates each aspectaccording to a variety of criteria:

1. Plan


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2. DoThe do-phase of the model involves implementation of the

environmental plan through employee training andestablishment of operation controls.

3. Check

Evaluates progress toward meeting program goals throughongoing monitoring and measuring and periodic EMS audits.

4. Act

Involves taking corrective action to update and improve theenvironmental plan. For example, if an organization makessignificant progress on one environmental aspect, anotherenvironmental aspect will replace it on the priority list.


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Why Should an Organization Adopt an EMS?

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1. Improve environmental performanceIt helps monitor energy and water conservation, resourceefficiencies, and pollution prevention.

2. Better regulatory complianceIncrease regulatory compliance which is especially important

for organizations that spend time and resources with regulatoryviolations.

3. Certification and recognition

EMS implementation can enhance an organizations image and

improve public community relations.


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EMS Certification38

EPA encourages organizations to use recognizedEMS frameworks to improve compliance, pollutionprevention, and other measures of environmentalperformance.

Third-party certification can also add credibility to anorganizations EMS.


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Several organizations which offercertification programs:

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American Chemistry Council

American Forest and Paper Association

International Chamber of Commerce

Coalition for Environmentally ResponsibleEconomies

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)developed the most widely recognized EMS standard


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Principles of an Effective EMS

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For better environmental and overall organizationalperformance, an EMS should:

1. Focus on continual improvement

2. Serve the organization and its mission

3. Receive top management support

4. Remain dynamic and flexible

5. Fit the culture of the organization

6. Represent employees and their actions7. Establish employees awareness and involvement


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REPUBLIC ACT 9003AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM,CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES,

DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES,APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

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Section 1.42

Short Title- This Act shall be known as the"Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000."


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Section 243

Declaration of Policies- It is hereby declared the policy of the State toadopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid wastemanagement program which shall:

a) Ensure the protection of the public health and environment;

(b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of

valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and recovery; (c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume

reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures,including composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process,and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate andenvironmentally sound solid waste management facilities in accordancewith ecologically sustainable development principles;

(d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatmentand disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of thebest environmental practice in ecological waste management excludingincineration;


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Section 244

(e) Promote national research and development programs for improvedsolid waste management and resource conservation techniques, moreeffective institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methodsof waste reduction, collection, separation and recovery;

(f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid wastemanagement;

(g) Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid wastemanagement with local government units while establishing a cooperativeeffort among the national government, other local government units, non-government organizations, and the private sector;

(h) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generatorsthrough the application of market-based instruments;

(i) Institutionalize public participation in the development andimplementation of national and local integrated, comprehensive, andecological waste management programs; and

(j) Strength the integration of ecological solid waste management andresource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula offormal and non-formal education in order to promote environmentalawareness and action among the citizenry.


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Section 345

Definition of Terms- For the purposes of this Act:

(a) Agricultural waste shall refer to waste generated from planting or harvesting ofcrops, trimming or pruning of plants and wastes or run-off materials from farms orfields;

(b) Bulky wastes shall refer to waste materials which cannot be appropriately placedin separate containers because of either its bulky size, shape or other physicalattributes. These include large worn-out or broken household, commercial, andindustrial items such as furniture, lamps, bookcases, filing cabinets, and other similaritems;

(c) Bureau shall refer to the Environmental Management Bureau;

(d) Buy-back center shall refer to a recycling center that purchases of otherwiseaccepts recyclable materials from the public for the purpose of recycling suchmaterials;

(e) Collection shall refer to the act of removing solid waste from the source or from acommunal storage point;

(f) Composting shall refer to the controlled decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humus-like product;


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Section 346

(g) Consumer electronics shall refer to special waste that includes worn-out, broken, and other discarded items such as radios, stereos, and TVsets;

(h) Controlled dump shall refer to a disposal site at which solid waste isdeposited in accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of siteoperation;

(i) Department shall refer to the Department of Environment and NaturalResources;

(j) Disposal shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leakingor placing of any solid waste into or in an land;

(k) Disposal site shall refer to a site where solid waste is finally dischargedand deposited;

(l) Ecological solid waste management shall refer to the systematicadministration of activities which provide for segregation at source,segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, anddisposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities which donot harm the environment;

(m) Environmentally acceptable shall refer to the quality of being re-usable,biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to the

environment; n Generation shall refer to the act or rocess of roducin solid waste


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Section 4847

PROHIBITED ACTS 1) Littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places, such as

roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and establishment, or causingor permitting the same;

(2) Undertaking activities or operating, collecting or transporting equipmentin violation of sanitation operation and other requirements or permits set

forth in established pursuant; (3) The open burning of solid waste;

(4) Causing or permitting the collection of non-segregated or unsortedwastes;

(5) Squatting in open dumps and landfills;

(6) Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable

materials in flood prone areas; (7) Unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for collection by

authorized persons;

(8) The mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solidwaste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid wastecollection or disposal;


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Section 4848

(9) Establishment or operation of open dumps as enjoined in this Act, or closure ofsaid dumps in violation of Sec. 37;

(10) The manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptablepackaging materials;

(11) Importation of consumer products packaged in non-environmentally acceptablematerials;

(12) Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented as "recyclable" or "with recyclablecontent";

(13) Transport and dumplog in bulk of collected domestic, industrial, commercial, andinstitutional wastes in areas other than centers or facilities prescribe under this Act;

(14) Site preparation, construction, expansion or operation of waste managementfacilities without an Environmental Compliance Certificate required pursuant toPresidential Decree No. 1586 and this Act and not conforming with the land use planof the LGU;

(15) The construction of any establishment within two hundred (200) meters fromopen dumps or controlled dumps, or sanitary landfill; and

(16) The construction or operation of landfills or any waste disposal facility on anyaquifer, groundwater reservoir, or watershed area and or any portions thereof.


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Section 4949

FINES AND PENALTIES

(a) Any person who violates Sec. 48 paragraph (1) shall, uponconviction, be punished with a fine of not less than Three hundredpesos (P300.00) but not more than One thousand pesos(P1,000.00) or render community service for not less than one (1)

day to not more than fifteen (15) days to an LGU where suchprohibited acts are committed, or both;

(b) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (2) and (3), shall, uponconviction be punished with a fine of not less than Three hundredpesos (P300.00) but not more than One thousand pesos(P1,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than one (1) day but to not

more than fifteen (15) days, or both; (c) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (4), (5), (6) and (7) shall,

upon conviction, be punished with a fine of not less than Onethousand pesos (P1,000.00) but not more than Three thousandpesos (P3,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than fifteen (15) daybut to not more than six (6) months, or both;


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Section 4950

(d) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars (8), (9), (10) and(11) for the first time shall, upon conviction, pay a fine of Fivehundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) plus and amount notless than five percent (5%) but not more than ten percent(10%) of his net annual income during the previous year.

(e) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (12) and (13)shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine not less thanTen thousand pesos (P10,000.00) but not more than Twohundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) or imprisonment ofnot less than thirty (30) days but not more than three (3)years, or both;

The additional penalty of imprisonment of a minimum periodof one (1) year but not to exceed three (3) years at thediscretion of the court, shall be imposed for second orsubsequent violations of Sec. 48, pars. (9) and (10).


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Section 4951

(f) Any person who violates Sec. 48, pars. (14), (15) and (16) shall,upon conviction, be punished with a fine not less than One hundredthousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than One million pesos(P1,000,000.00), or imprisonment not less than one (1) year but notmore than six (6) years, or both.

If the offense is committed by a corporation, partnership, or other

juridical identity duly recognized in accordance with the law, thechief executive officer, president, general manager, managingpartner or such other officer-in-charge shall be liable for thecommission of the offense penalized under this Act.

If the offender is an alien, he shall, after service of the sentenceprescribed above, be deported without further administrative

proceedings. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at lest ten (10%)

percent every three (3) years to compensate for inflation and tomaintain the deterrent functions of such fines.


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That ends our presentation.

I hope this lecture about ECO-ETHICS will

make you aware ofwhat ishappening to ourenvironment.

Thank you for listening!

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