Date post: | 21-Jun-2015 |
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Almajiri and waste management in cities of
Northern Nigeria
By
Yusuf Abdullahi Rigasa (PhD)
Kaduna State [email protected]
End-of-Waste ResourcesNow common sight in Northern cities
The collectorsAlmajiri and the less privilege
The marketsmall plastic recycling plant
The ResourceEnd-of-waste plastics
OUTLINE • The throw away society – what is it?• Background – waste, facts n figures• Waste management services – what are the issues?• Almajiri – who are they?• Waste management in cities of Northern Nigeria• Current and future challenges of waste management in the North• The proposed strategy• Recommendations • Conclusions
Objectives
• To Propose a sustainable approach for integrating Almajiri into waste management schemes in the North
• To Highlight benefits and constraints (SWOT)
Throw-away society • Human society strongly influenced by consumerism
The facts - • Over-consumption – of everything• Excessive production of short-lived/ disposable stuff
What is waste?
The general definition:• anything discarded• anything out of use• anything out of need The technical definition:• Its actually a resource in the wrong place
What is waste management?
Making money from waste
Why Manage Waste?
• Money• Public health and safety• Sustainable development• Environmental protection• Resource conservation• Concern for future generations• Public participation
Who are the stakeholders?
• governments n its agencies (SEPA)• waste contractors• consultants• researchers • scavengers• recyclers• waste producers• users of waste products
EVERYBODY!!!
The North
The North – facts n figures
• Size:19 states and FCT• Poverty rate: 71% •The people: majority are Muslims• Environmental Assets: Human diversity n Heritage, Biodiversity, arable soil, rivers n lakes, beautiful landscapes etc• Environmental challenges: urbanization, waste management, pollution, loss of soil fertility n communal conflicts, public health n sanitation etc
Waste Management in Northern Nigeria – the facts
• Waste collected by contractors or the informal sector• Collection by contractors is free• Informal sector charge a fee• Waste dumps too far• Illegal waste dumps used for disposal• Resource recovery by informal sector• Resource recovery the only way to sustainability
Formal Vs Informal sector
• Formal waste management by SEPAs & waste contractors• Informal waste managers are mostly poor and unemployed with no formal education• No cost/resource recovery strategy in Formal WM services• Resource recovery by informal sector is market driven
THE ISSUES•EMMERGING CITIES – RAPID URBANIZATION
•INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE (landfill, waste dump)
•LIMITED RESOURCES
•LACK OF EXPERIENCED MANPOWER
•LOW PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
•INADEQUATE (COPYCAT) WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Methods of waste disposal
• Burning – 38%• Barrow boys – 37%• Refuse contractors – 8%• Waste burial – 3%• others – 14%
(Hyuwa 2002)
• What is the picture now?
What is the way forward?
• We need data• From data we plan• Plan will identify stakeholders• Set goals and targets• Identify functional strategies and equipment• Stakeholder interaction/collaboration
The logic
• There is no single best method of waste management
• Strategy will be different for each community and set of circumstances
Almajiri – what we see
Almajiri – what they are
Almajiri – what they could become
Almajiri - Who are they? • Itinerant male informal students of Islamic education• School – Tsangaya• Teacher – Mallam• Pupil – Almajiri• Patronage – Poor Muslim communities• Numbers – 9.5 million• Social status – deprived underclass• Opportunities – low paid/petty jobs
Fact – they are Nigerians with rights
Al-Majiris in Nigeria (Source: Edet, 2011)
Almajiri - what they do1- they study
2 – they Beg
3- they work
3 – they can collaborate for business
4 - good business improve quality of life
The facts• The Almajiri system lacks funding• Lack of funds/ opportunities encourage
poverty• Poverty encourage begging and crime• Crime induce conflicts• Conflicts may lead to terror• Educational integration has failed• Economic integration may work• Waste management can source funds for
the system
What is the way forward?
The Proposed strategy: Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategy (ISWMS)
Proposed Regulatory Framework
State's Chief Executive(Governors)
Solid Waste Management Agencies(General Managers)
State's Ministry of Environment(Commissioners)
Local Government Councils(Chairmen/councillors)
Waste Contractors(mallams)
Consultants(Directors/CEOs)
Local Waste Management Supervisor (mallams)
Household Waste Collection(al-majiri)
Street Sweepers(al-majiri)
Waste Dump Scavengers(al-majiri)
Bin Men(al-majiri)
Communication promotes enforcement
Communication DrivesExcellence
Waste management potentials of Almajiri in Northern cities
The Strengths• They are many• They are every where• They are disciplined• Functional hierarchy• Harmony with local terrain and people• Dependable social class
The weaknesses• Pride and prejudice• Voiceless• Conservative• Poverty
Opportunities• Trusted and reliable• competitive labor force• move up the waste hierarchy• create wealth from waste• Sustainability
Threats• Lack recognition and representation• Lack organization n formal education• Lack access to market n capital• Corruption• Bureaucracy• Limited opportunities• No functional framework for their engagement in
WMS
Recommendations • Green lifestyles• Green choices• Environmental education• Generate Wealth not Waste• Regard for All Life & Human Health• New Ideas & Different Thinking• Engineer for Simplicity & Practicality• Recycle Whenever Possible• Avoid the Mistakes of Others• Recognise and appreciate the role of Almajiri in waste management
CONCLUSIONS
• Almajiri can make a positive contribution in the management of MSW in the North
• Spread the message
LETS ACT TOGETHER
Remember
your waste, your money
Thank u 4 listening