Waste System

Pg. 190-193

Solubility Pg. 17

• There is a limit to the amount of solute you can add to a solvent

• Solution = solvent + solute• Ex: Kool-aid = water + kool-aid powder• Have you ever made hot chocolate and could

not get the powder in the bottom to mix in (no matter how long you stirred?)

• This is because your hot chocolate reached solubility

Solubility

• The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent

• Name the solute, solvent and solution in the following examples:– Ice tea, ice tea powder, water– Salt, salt water, water– Water, grapes, wine

• Concentration is measure C= m/v

Concentration

• C=m/v • C= concentration• m = mass of solute (g)• v = volume of solvent (L)

• Find the concentration of salt when 5g of salt is added to 2L of water. What is the final solution?

Solubility

• Just like concentration, solubility can be expressed with many units– g/L– Percent mass (%m/V)– Percent volume (%V/V)– Percent mass (%m/m)

• If there is less than the maximum amount of solute (not enough salt in soup) it is called unsaturated

Solubility

• If it contains exactly the maximum amount of solute (you do not need to add any salt to your soup) it is called Saturated

• If it contains more than the maximum amount of solute it is called supersaturated– In most cases the extra solute is called a

Precipitate

Solubility

• Depends on many factors– Nature of the solute (will sand ever dissolve in

water?)– Temperature (does cold water or hot make sugar

dissolve faster?)– Pressure (do you think it is easier to make Kool-aid

at sea level or up on Mount Everest?)

Temperature variations Pg. 18

• When temperature increases so does the solubility of many solids

• Solubility of many gases decreases when temperature increases

• Fig 1.21 and 1.22 what do you see??• Table 1.23 how is the dissolving of sugar

changed? Explain what you see…

Aqueous solution

• What does aqueous mean? Anything sound familiar?

• As soon as you add water (solvent) to a solute it becomes an aqueous solution

• Write an example of an aqueous solution and describe the solvent and solute for me.

______________________________________________________________________________

Dissolution

• When you have too much solute compared to solvent

• Give an example…what about soup?• How would this change your concentration?• Can you explain this using the particle model?• Pg. 16 use the idea from Dilution• Draw it out for me…

Dilution

• When you have too much solvent compared to solute

• Give an example…what about soup?• How would this change your concentration?• Can you explain this using the particle model?

Pg. 16• Draw it out for me…

Dilution pg. 16

• How would your concentration change after you dilute your solution? (increase or decrease?)

• You need to be able to show me mathematically as well as with the particle model

• Mathematically we use the formula C1V1= C2V2 what is C1?V1?C2?V2?

Dilution problem on pg. 16

• Let’s do the math together… SHOW YOUR WORK!

Dilution

• Problem 2I have 2 L of lemonade with a concentration of 4g/L, but Alex tells me it is too sweet so I add 2 more litres of water. What is the new concentration of the lemonade?Show your work.

Dilution homework

• Complete the Dilution worksheet I gave you March 12th

• For homework and it is for marks!!

Urinary System

• The elimination of waste from the body• Cellular activity can produce waste that is toxic

to the body and must be eliminated• EXCRETION is the process by which waste

products are eliminated from the body• Main organs that eliminate waste: lungs,

kidneys and sweat glands

Sweat glands• There are ~ 2 500 000 sweat glands on the

surface of your body• These glands secrete sweat by means of a

channel that opens on the skin’s surface• Sweating or perspiration is a mechanism that

helps to regulate body temperature (mainly in hot weather or when we exert ourselves)

• Sweat is made up of water and waste materials from the blood

• This is why sweat plays a role in excretion

Urinary System

• Main parts include: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

• The tubes that carry urine are the ureters and urethra

• Pg. 191 Fg 6.47 make sure you can label all the parts and know where they are located

• Table 6.48 pg. 192 explains the description and function of the main parts…KNOW THEM!!

Kidneys

• Description:

• Function:

Ureters

• Description:

• Function:

Bladder

• Description:

• Function:

Urethra

• Description:

• Function:

Summary

• What is solubility?• What can affect solubility of a substance (like

solid or gas)?• Describe solute, solvent and solution and how

they can make a concentration• What is an aqueous solution?• How would you use C1V1=C2V2?

Summary

• What is dissolution?• Can you draw it?• What is dilution?• Explain it using concentration and volume• Name the main parts of the urinary system• What are their functions?• What is the main role of the excretory system?

Almost done… Pg. 192

• Main components of urine…– The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste and

creating a liquid called urine– Urea is the chief waste product from the blood• It is created when the cells use protein to produce

energy and amino acids are oxidized (oxygen and energy)

– Write the equation for this oxidization:_________________________________________

More on urine• Kidneys also help keep blood in balance– They stabilize the amount of water in the blood,

constant concentration of mineral balance– If the blood contains excess (too much) water or

minerals, the kidneys EXCRETE them• Urine:– Water (90%)– Urea (2.5%)and other waste– Minerals– Excess substances in blood (if you took a multi-vitamin

you would pee out whatever is not absorbed…so you should eat FRESH and real food whenever possible)

And more…

• Urine could also contain…– Protein, glucose, fats and blood cells (BUT if this is

in your urine it is a bad health sign)– Traces of medication or drugs (this is why athletes

have to do urine checks to see about Doping/steroids)

• Amount of urine produced by body can depend on concentration of minerals in blood and amount of water in body

Urine

• If mineral concentrations is too low, the kidneys excrete more water, Raising the level of minerals

• BUT if the body lacks water, the concentration of minerals in the body is too high, the kidneys Excrete LESS water so we feel thirsty.

• This the body’s way of letting you know you need to drink more liquid and help maintain homeostasis!!!

Homework

• Pg. 197• # 18-20• Due next class• On a Loose Leaf paper so I can pick it up

• HAVE FUN!!!