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Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future May 2005 John F. Williams, SVP National Director of Governmental Planning and Consulting May 2005 John F. Williams, SVP National Director of Governmental Planning and Consulting Federation of New York Solid Waste Associations Solid Waste/Recycling Conference Federation of New York Solid Waste Associations Solid Waste/Recycling Conference
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Page 1: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later:

Technology with a Past, Presentand Future

Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later:

Technology with a Past, Presentand Future

May 2005

John F. Williams, SVPNational Director of GovernmentalPlanning and Consulting

May 2005

John F. Williams, SVPNational Director of GovernmentalPlanning and Consulting

Federation of New YorkSolid Waste Associations

Solid Waste/Recycling Conference

Federation of New YorkSolid Waste Associations

Solid Waste/Recycling Conference

Page 2: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Local landfills were filling

Landfill regulations werebecoming more stringent

Long distance shippingwas not economicallyviable

Long distance disposalwas not socially acceptable

1970’s and Early 1980’s and a Major Problem:What to do with Garbage?1970’s and Early 1980’s and a Major Problem:What to do with Garbage?

Page 3: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

180 operating facilities

Majority survivedGreenpeace andopportunists

Survived the Clean Air ActAmendments

Clean energy generator

Garbage to Steam/Electricity Made Sense:Could Reduce Land DisposalGarbage to Steam/Electricity Made Sense:Could Reduce Land Disposal

Westchester County Resource Recovery FacilityPeekskill, New York

Page 4: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Tax law changes shiftedproject economics

District and SupremeCourt rulings against flowcontrol

Cheap tipping fees atremote mega landfills

The Tables Turned in the 1990’sThe Tables Turned in the 1990’s

Delaware Waste-to-Energy FacilityDover, Delaware

Page 5: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Excitement of a terrificsolution

Avoiding a repeat ofSuperfund

Waste material intoneeded energy

Self sufficiency

Championing a goodsolution

Quite a Ride: UpsQuite a Ride: Ups

MacArthur Resource Recovery FacilityIslip, New York

Page 6: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Waste-to-energy involvedbig money

Attracted political andfinancial agendas

Recycling was the “goodway”

Waste-to-energy did notcount

There Were the DownsThere Were the Downs

Savannah Resource Recovery FacilitySavannah, Georgia

Page 7: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Percentage race begin

Elected officials weretargeted

Staff were branded asliars and puppets

Consultants shrank instature

There Were the Downs (continued)There Were the Downs (continued)

Dutchess County Resource Recovery FacilityPoughkeepsie, New York

Page 8: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

28 states

Managing 14 percent ofAmerica’s trash

Quiet servants

Recovering scrap metal

91 Facilities Operate Today91 Facilities Operate Today

Hennepin County Resource Recovery FacilityHennepin County, Minnesota

Page 9: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Hosting other forms ofrecycling

Home to householdhazardous wasteoperations

Source of hostcommunity fees

Viable alternatives tolong-haul disposal

91 Facilities Operate Today (continued)91 Facilities Operate Today (continued)

Indianapolis Resource Recovery FacilityIndianapolis, Indiana

Page 10: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Activist newsletters

Organizations aimed atraising funds

Subscription and fearcampaigns

Accomplishments without Threatened ImpactsAccomplishments without Threatened Impacts

Alexandria/Arlington Resource Recovery FacilityAlexandria, Virginia

Page 11: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Majority of plants operatetoday

They promised:

– To conserve fossil fuelsby generating electricity

– Provide clean energy

– Reduce greenhouse gas

– Save real estate

– Compatible with recycling

– Provide economic benefits

Promises Made, Promises Kept andLessons Learned Over TimePromises Made, Promises Kept andLessons Learned Over Time

French Island Waste-to-Energy FacilityLaCrosse County, Wisconsin

Page 12: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Asthma, Cancer, anddioxins

Ash handling anddisposal ailments

Ash is a resource

Disasters that Weren’tDisasters that Weren’t

Hudson Falls Resource Recovery Facility(formerly Adirondack Resource Recovery Facility)Hudson Falls, New York

Page 13: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

European Union: waste-to-energy preferable tolandfills

European Union directivesto minimize landfills

Mass burn and refusederived fuel have worked inthe United States

Consideration for emergingtechnologies

The Future of Waste-to-Energy:Currently 1,000+ Operating WorldwideThe Future of Waste-to-Energy:Currently 1,000+ Operating Worldwide

Bristol Resource Recovery FacilityBristol, Connecticut

Page 14: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Renegotiate

Re-bid

Purchase

Sell

Realign contract structure

Some combination

Waste-to-Energy Facilities with 20-Year OperatingAgreements Near their Contract TermsWaste-to-Energy Facilities with 20-Year OperatingAgreements Near their Contract Terms

Union County Resource Recovery FacilityUnion, New Jersey

Page 15: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Privately-owned andoperated facility

New economic andstrategic plan

22 of 23 members inpost-2005 contracts

Dramatically changingrisk allocation

Cut cost to communitiesby over 50%

North East Solid Waste Committee:23 Communities in MassachusettsNorth East Solid Waste Committee:23 Communities in Massachusetts

Wheelabrator North Andover Resource Recovery FacilityNorth Andover, Massachusetts

Page 16: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Privately owned andoperated facility

Analyzing options prior to2008 termination

Feasibility and costassessments

Community legal rightsanalysis

Transfer station conditionassessment

Greater Bridgeport Resource Recovery Facility &Southwestern Regional Operating CommitteeGreater Bridgeport Resource Recovery Facility &Southwestern Regional Operating Committee

Greater Bridgeport Resource Recovery FacilityBridgeport, Connecticut

Page 17: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Publicly owned – privatelyoperated facility

Mass burn with front endprocessing

Two major improvementprojects

Private operation contractexpires in 2007

Currently preparing a newcompetitive process

Pinellas County Resource Recovery FacilityPinellas County Resource Recovery Facility

Pinellas County Resource Recovery FacilityPinellas County, Florida

Page 18: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Restrictions in flow control

Closure of some facilitiesin 1994

Little support for wasteflow control

New legislative attemptsstalled

Waste-to-energy will onlyhappen if industry helps

Regulatory and Public IssuesRegulatory and Public Issues

Commerce Waste-to-Energy FacilityCommerce, California

Page 19: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

We were right

Waste-to-energy is a terrific solution

Promises were kept

Significant effort to keep the plants operating

Expiring service agreements

Opportunity to securing new pricing

Favorable new operating contracts

Conclusion: 25 Years LaterConclusion: 25 Years Later

Page 20: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Frank Borchardt

Durwood Curling and John Hadfield,Southeastern Public Service Authority

Herb Flosdorf, Lancaster County

Joe Kazar, Union County

N.C. Vasuki, Delaware Solid Waste Authority

Steve Maguin, Los Angeles Sanitation District

Tim Hunt, Palm Beach County

We Owe ThanksWe Owe Thanks

Page 21: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Charlie Miles, Westchester County

Scott Daniels, Dutchess County

Joseph Murdoch, City of Tampa

Joyce Doughty, Fairfax County

Robin Davidov, Northeast Maryland WasteDisposal Authority

Dozens of others

Elected and un-elected officials

We Owe Thanks (continued)We Owe Thanks (continued)

Page 22: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Continue to look

Do more with less

Resources yet to bediscovered

The community garbagecan

Final Reminder: Practicing and New LeadersFinal Reminder: Practicing and New Leaders

I-95 Energy/Resource Recovery FacilityFairfax, Virginia

Page 23: Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later - Columbia University€¦ · Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology with a Past, Present and Future Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later: Technology

Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later:

Technology with a Past, Presentand Future

Waste-to-Energy 25 Years Later:

Technology with a Past, Presentand Future

May 2005

John F. Williams, SVPNational Director of GovernmentalPlanning and Consulting

May 2005

John F. Williams, SVPNational Director of GovernmentalPlanning and Consulting

Federation of New YorkSolid Waste Associations

Solid Waste/Recycling Conference

Federation of New YorkSolid Waste Associations

Solid Waste/Recycling Conference


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