Waste to Energy in Finland

Esko Jäälinoja05-06-2014

Number of assignments: ÅF performs 30,000 assignments for 10,000 clients

Turnover: over 900 MEUR

Number of ÅF offices: over 100

Number of employees: over 7,000

Independent engineering and consulting company

ÅF Group; Facts at a glance In 2013

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Waste to Energy Consulting

Basic design and technical solutions for waste-to-energy, sludge and co-incineration applications

Waste management and Environmental studies Project management and engineering services for design and

constructing of a waste-to-energy plant Over 2 million tons of waste per annum incinerated in ÅF

Finland designed WtoE plants Projects in Finland , Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Russia,

South Korea.

ÅF manages different plant solutions as well as combustion and flue gas cleaning technologies.

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Selected WtoE Consulting Assignments

Klaipeda /LITHUANIA(Fortum)EPCM Services (09-13)WtE CHP Plant, 272 kt/a

Tallinn/ ESTONIA(Eesti Energia Iru)OE Services (08-13)240 kt/aWtE CHP Plant

Kotka /FINLAND(Kotka Energia)EPCM Services (06 – 08)WtE CHP plant ( 100 kt/a)

Riihimäki/ FINLAND(Ekokem)EPCM Services (05 – 07)WtE plant (150 kt/a)Pre-eng for Line #2(WtECHP 100 kt/a)

Oulu/ FINLAND(Laanilan Voima)EPCM Service (10 – 12)CHP plant120 kt/a.

Fortum Klaipeda/ LITHUANIA

EPCM Services (09--13)WtE Project1800 MWe

Eneco / Holland

OE Services (11-14)Bio/WtEplant (50 MWe)

Tarastenjärvi /FINLAND(Tammervoima)EPCM Services (12- )WtE CHP 150 kt/a

Waste to Energy in Finland Factors which promote utilising waste as energy in Finland:

+Targets to decrease waste depositing to landfills+Waste is renewable energy source and it can replace fossil fuels +National waste plan 2016->31 % of MSW should be utilised as

energy in 2016+Three WtoE plants in operation, experiences have been positive

Factors which trouble utilising waste as energy in Finland:−Costs of landfilling are low (but increasing)−Complaints against environmental permits and problems with land

use permissions cause delays−Local people are against plants because of suspicion on flue gas

emissions, increase of traffic and odours of the waste storages−Thoughts that recycling will decrease and intentions to minimise

waste production would fail

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Challenges in waste to energy project development: Costs of landfilling are low (but increasing) -> WtoE plant feasibility

low Permitting procedure time consuming (Complaints against

environmental permits and problems with land use permissions) -> Delays in project implementation

Local people are against plants because of suspicion on flue gas emissions, increase of traffic and odours of the waste storages -> Complaints -> Delays

Waste quality unknown or poor in many countries, no source separation and a lot of impurities in waste -> Challenges in plant design (auxiliary firing may be needed -> lower feasibility)

In some countries the owner of the waste is unclear or there are many owners -> Waste contracts difficult to make. Securing waste to the plant is essential to feasibility

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Waste to Energy in Finland

Waste to Energy Power Plant

CASE:Kotka EnergyHYÖTYVOIMALA CHP-plant

Hyötyvoimala project; basisThe Client, Kotkan Energia Oy, has a fuel strategy to move towards local fuels, and Hyötyvoimala project is a natural continuum for this strategic target.

BENEFITS: Save purchasing cost of Russian natural gas 200 000 MWh , equal

to 3,0 M€. Decrease waste flow to landfill to less than 1/3 compared to

initial situation Jobs for 13 new workers Competitive energy solution Protects local industry from moving away

Fuels

Source separated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collected from south-east Finland Different fractions (bio waste, recyclables and problem waste)

are separated from combustible fractions at the source Collected in plastic bags. Quality control at sources, transfer stations and on CHP fuel

receiving Also industrial waste created in industrial processes of Sonoco-

Alcore Capacity max. 100 000 t/a

The Chosen Plant Concept

Fuel power 34 MW (Steam pressure 40 bar, temperature 400 °C , Fuel heating value 11,4 MJ/kg) Combined Heat and Power Plant with Grate incineration technology Availability >8100 h/year Only source separated waste fractions are accepted Natural gas as start-up and support fuel Old gas fired steam boiler will remain as auxiliary boiler Manning 8-13 workers in 5 shifts

Plant Output & Investment

Plant output: Electric output 4…9 MW Process steam output 10…20 MWDistrict heat output 4…20 MWCondensing effect 3...22 MW

CAPEX 60 M€OPEX 5,9 M€/a

Organic fraction(<25...60 mm)

Source-separated fractions (plastics, wood)

MSW Large fraction (>120...150 mm)

magnet

magnetAl separator

RDF

Air classifier

glass, stones

1. trommel 2. trommel

aluminiumferrous metals

Mechanical Pre-Treatment

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Lay out

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Flue gas cleaning

SNCR + Semidry flue gas cleaning has been reliable in operation

The emission limits are cleary kept with margin

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Emission limit values 100 % EU-limits, 100% MSW

SNCR semidry

Emission limit values 50 % of EU-limits, IED = next BAT-Bref

SNCR semidry

Reliable compliance with the emission limit values specified in WID

Inlet temp. 150-190 C

A single wet scrubber + possibly a condenser can be connected downstream to ensure reliable compliance with 50% of the emission values specified in WID (next BAT), mostly needed to lower HCl emissions

Part of scrubber waste water can be used in semidry mixer after neutralisation, WWTP neededif max condensing effect is feasible

Lime SR can be lowered by some 15 – 20 % saving lime and land fill cost

Semidry FGT

50 50

200

10 10 10 1 0.05 0.05 0.5 0.19.53

143

0.8 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.0002 0.0015 0.0246 0.0027.9 3

124

0.4 0.7 2.4 0.40

50

100

150

200

250

CO SO2 Nox Dust TOC HCl HF Cd+Tl Hg Other metals

PCDD/F

Average concentrations of flue gas emissions in 2009 and 2010

Waste-to-Energy Plant Kotka

Emission limit value 2010 2009

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Preliminary time schedule

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Preliminary time schedule of a WtE Plant

PhaseQ3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Studies

Feasibility study

EIA Process

Preparation of EIA Programme (5 months)Preparation of EIA (6 months)Waste competitionWaste handling tendering

Environmental permit

Licensing of Environmental Permit (3 months)

Handling and complaints (10 months)

Pre-engineering

Pre-engineering (6 months)

Contracts for main equipment

ExecutionEngineering and construction (26-30 months)

201720162012 2013 2014 2015

complaints

Summary: There is not only one technical concept which is suitable for

waste to energy power plants The content of the fuel and requirements of flue gas emissions

are the main factors for the plant concept The time used for project development, basic design and

permitting process will pay back during implementation and operation phases

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Waste to Energy in Finland

THANK YOU!

Contact: ÅF-Group

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Phone: +66 2 261 0294-6 Fax: +66 2 261 0297

www.afconsult.com