Water

ABOUT WATERWater - the basis of life

• Sine aqua vita rain - water of life foundation. This idea fully reflects the importance of water for life on our planet.

• Water is the most common substance on Earth. It is an essential part of all living organisms. All organisms depend on it and should consume it in sufficient quantities for their lifetime. This is especially true for us.

• Each of us needs a daily supply of about 35-40 g of water per 1 kg of our

weight (50kg = 2000g). A 10% loss of water causes serious disorders, such as heat stroke, hallucinations, or high body temperature. A reduction of total body water by 20% can be fatal. Without water we would not even be able to use the food we eat to move nor even breathe.

What is water

• Water is at first glance a simple chemical compound. One water molecule forms two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and the total formula is H2O. It is certainly the best known chemical compound in the world. Clean water is a clear, colorless, odorless and tasteless liquid. It melts at a temperature of 0°C and boils at 100°C. At 3.98°C, it also has the highest density (1000 g.cm-1).

• Water is the most common compound found on Earth and in

nature it is normally found in its gaseous, liquid and solid states. It has a neutral pH. At 25°C it has a value of 7.

Water on Earth• Our planet is called "blue". 71% of it´s surface is covered by water that

occurs naturally as three states of matter:• As a liquid such as groundwater and surface water in streams and oceans, lakes, etc.• As a gas in the form of humidity, steam, fog,etc.• As a solid in the form of ice and snow.

• The Earth has about 1.4 million cubic meters of water. 97.5% of which is salt water (ocean, and the so-called transitional, or brackish groundwater), and only 2.5% is fresh water. Two thirds of the fresh water is frozen, so there is only less than one percent, of all the liquid water on Earth, to be used for human consumption, industry and agriculture, which by itself consumes two-thirds for cultivation and food production.

Drinking water

• Drinking water is legally defined as water that is safe. Safe is when durable consumption does not cause disease or other health disorders due to the presence of microorganisms or other substances that produce acute, chronic or late effects to human health and its progeny. It is water, the sensory characteristics punishable quality and prevent its use for drinking and sanitary needs. Drinking water can be obtained through two methods - cleaning and chemical treatment of surface water or pumping of the naturally protected underground sources.

Sustainable development• Sustainable development is a

pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment. The goal is that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come.

• Sustainable development ties together concerns for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity.

• Ecologists have pointed to The Limits of Growth, and presented the alternative of a „steady state economy" in order to address environmental concerns.

• The field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and sociapolitical sustainability.

• The retreat of the Aletsch Glacier in the Swiss alps is thought to be due to global warming.

• (in 1979, 1991, 2002)

• Deforestation and increased road-building in the Amazon Rainforest are significant concerns, because they both increase human encroachment upon wilderness areas and threaten the biodiversity.

Water conservation• The goals of water conservation efforts include the following:

• Sustainability: To ensure availability for future generations. The withdrawal of fresh water from an ecosystem should not exceed its natural replacement rate.

• Energy conservation: Water pumping, water delivery, and wastewater treatment facilities consume a significant amount of energy. In some regions of the world over 15% of total electricity consumption is devoted to water management (for example California ).

• Habitat conservation: Minimizing human water use helps to preserve fresh water habitats for local wildlife and migrating waterfowl, as well as reducing the need to build new dams and other water diversion infrastructures.

Mineral waterMineral Water

• Natural mineral water is microbiologically perfectly pure water obtained from underground sources of natural mineral water.

How is mineral water different from ordinary drinking water?

• The original microbiological purity from the source has a characteristic and constant initial amount of minerals and trace elements. The contractor must clearly demonstrate that the water composition is beneficial to human beings, and that it naturally contains an element that the body needs for successful development and that it meets the strict standards.

Do you know what you drink?

• The label must state the name of the source, indicating the collection sites, and any method of water treatment (if treatment is different than filtering), the characteristic composition of the mineral water with an indication of the levels of carbon dioxide, as well as the name of the accredited laboratory that performed the analysis of the mineral water.

Packaged and stored as food

• Mineral water is a food and as a food it must be treated like a food. It´s storage is overseen by the State Agriculture and Food Inspection agencies which carry out the regular quality checks on all food products.

Reservoir Olesna• Olesna Reservoir is located at the southwestern

edge of Frydek-Mistek. Construction of the dam took place between 1960 and 1964 on the river Olesna. First a pond was built to supply water for local industry and as a protection safegaurd against flooding. Later came the banks of the reservoir and a recreation area with camping and seasonal restaurants. The water surface dams are also used for fish farming. To the west of the lake there are the rising Palkovické hills and to the south of the dam there is a nice view of the Beskydy Mountains. In 2005, on the northwestern shore of the reservoir, the city Olesna opened a newly built water park for the public.

• The reservoir Olesna has an earth rockfill dam, which is 393 meters long and 18 meters high. The water surface covers an area of 87 hectares and is situated at an altitude of 315 meters.

Water tank Silesian Harta

Basic facts of Silesian Harta:

• The total tank volume is 219 million cubic meters.

• It is used for swimming, recreation, fishing, drinking water, water sports and sailing.

• It is the nineth largest resevoir in the Czech Republic.

Kružberk dam• The water tank, on the Moravice river in

Kružberk, was built between 1948-1955. It was the first storage reservoir in the Opava region.

• The original intention was primarily to make use of the energy that flows from the Moravice. It was also intended to provide a supply of water for industrial use in Ostrava. Later it was decided to be used only for drinking water.

• After the construction of reservoirs located in the Silesian Harta area, it was used to ensure the supply of raw water for the waterworks in Podhradí with sufficient quantity and quality. It was also believed that it would create better conditions for life in the streams despite the industrial use of them.

• It is designed to provide a constant supply of water, with proper pressure, to the water treatment plant in Podhradí. It´s conduit has a length of 6.6 km with a diameter of 2.4 meters at it´s end. It also provides the water treatment plant, during peak power times, with an installed capacity of 7 MW (mega watts) of electric power.

The dam has facilities for monitoring any deformation and movement of the dam blocks, the efficiency of the drainage wells, and other important parameters. These help to guarantee the safe operation of the dam.

The Concrete Gravity dam has a total capacity of 92,700 cubic meters, and is founded directly into the bedrock. The sealing of the soil was made by a single-row grout curtain at a depth of 25 to 30 meters.

Wastewater treatment plant• A wastewater

treatment plant is an installation which has a sewage plant.They are manily divided by the size and the type of sewage processing.

• Waste water • Waste water is water

whose quality has been exacerbated by human activities.Water pollution can be formed by dissolved or suspended solids.

• In most cases the waste must be treated before it can be discharged back into the waterways.

Types of wastewater• Municipal waste water originates from

everyday human activities. It comes from households,

• schools, offices, tradesmen, industry, etc..

• Water pollution is one of the biggest problems in the contemporary world. Many people are unable to have access to safe drinking water. Pollution of our rivers and reservoirs from corporate greed is deteriorating the quality of our aquatic ecosystems and the ecosystems which are connected to them. Water pollution can also limit the methods of wastewater treatment.

• Industrial waste water is produced by industrial enterprises.The extent and nature of water pollution depends on the type of industry, and the production technologies used. Industrial waste water is purified either directly at the company or externally.

Charles Fountain• Charles Fountain (800 m) is the highest village in the district of Bruntál. It

lies on the eastern side of the mountain Praděd, in the Jesiniky mountains. It is a well-known mountain holiday resort and is home of a well known spa. Nowadays, one can clearly say that she has some of the cleanest air in the Czech Republic.

• The Charles Fountain Spa originated in 1785 in the old mining town Hubertov. The first spa buildings were a guest house, Bezruc, and the Princely House. Today's urban core conservation area consists of wooden bath houses in classical Empire style. They were built during the 1800´s. This typical architecture gives Charles Fountain a unique atmosphere. The chapel of St. Hubert , which was bulit in 1758, is also located here. There is an attractive natural waterfall and in the village, called Hubertov, there is a hunting lodge.

• All the local springs have a high proportion of carbon dioxide due to the peat bogs in the surrounding area. The Spas are suitable for the treatment of oncological diseases, high blood pressure, and vascular diseases. Some people come here to be treated for motion sickness, joint pain, and spinal problems. It is an ideal location for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, such as chronic inflammation of the throat, sinuses, vocal cords, and lungs. Visitors are welcome to drink the Healing Springs in the drinking hall, where Wilhelm's spring flows, or in the house named Libuse.

• The Charles Fountain spa also offers ideal conditions for hiking. Here you will find beautiful trails for mountain biking and in winter snow conditions are excellent. There are various ski lifts and ski areas in the vicinity.

Hydroelectric PowerStation

Dlouhé Stráně

• Location: Corners of the Desna

• River: Wild Desna

• Elevation of the generator room: 767.20 m

• Construction of the plant started: 1978

• First Release Date: 1996

• Popularity: It is the biggest tourist attraction in Moravia.

Environmental impact of the construction and operation of the power station

- The entire technology is located underground.

- The technology is used without causing negative side effects on the environment.

- All of the service water is purified.

- Landscape intervention, caused by the construction of the power station, hasn´t had a negative impact on the surrounding ecosystem.

- The recultivation, which followed the construction, incorporated the power station into it´s surroundings.

The uper reservoir – significant tourist spot

• Altitude of 1,350 m MASL – The beautiful scenery of the Jeseniky Mountains

Thank you for your attention.

Comenius Opava