Water and the Water and the MineralsMinerals

Chapter 12 & 13Chapter 12 & 13

What is so Amazing About Water?

OH

H

What Role Does Water Play in Our Lives?

e.g. - Serves as a solvent for many substances - Participate in reactions in the body - Maintains blood volume - Carriers nutrients and waste - Maintains the structure of molecules

(e.g. proteins) - Aids in the regulation of temperature - Acts as a lubricant and cushion in joints around spinal cord, brain and fetus

A Nephron, one of the kidney’s many functioning units

Renal Artery

Renal Vein

Kidney

Ureter

Bladder

Pelvis

A Nephron

Tubule

To the Body

Capillaries

Blood Vessel Glomerulus

To the Bladder

Water dissolves salts and follows electrolytes

How the body regulates blood volume

Kidneys

Adrenal glandssecreteAldosterone

Kidneys retain sodium and water to increase blood volume

Blood vessels constrictraising blood pressure

Hypothalmus respondsto high salt conc. by

stimulating the pituitary gland

Pituitary gland releasesantidiuretic hormone (ADH)

When blood flow islow,kidneys

produce renin

Activates Angiotensin

Brain

Electrolyte’s in Acid-Base Balance

8.0

7.45

7.35

6.8 Death

Death

Acidosis

Alkalosis

Normal

Minerals in a 60-kilogram human body

Cortical bone is dense, ivory-like

bone that forms the exterior shell.

Trabecular bone is the lacy network of calcium-containing

crystals that fills the interior.

Calcium and Osteoporosis

Calcium and Osteoporosis

Bone losses over time compared

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Loss of height in a woman caused by

Osteoporosis.

Calcium balance in bone

Calcitonin Vitamin D

Bioavailability of Calcium

A Membrane-bound transport protein“Sodium - Potassium Pump”

OUTSIDE CELL

INSIDE CELL

What processing does to the sodium and potassium contents of food

Fresh foods, especially fruits and

vegetables, provide

potassium in abundance.

Hemoglobin

Iron atom

Heme

Iron routes in the body

Heme and Non-heme Iron in Foods